北阿尔金早古生代同碰撞花岗质岩浆记录及其对增生造山过程的启示

本文对出露在北阿尔金的喀腊大湾似斑状花岗岩、沟口泉似斑状二长花岗岩、卓尔布拉克花岗岩和木孜萨依白云母花岗岩进行了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究.地球化学特征显示喀腊大湾似斑状花岗岩具有高硅和钠,低铁、镁和钙的特征,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.03～1.04,属弱过铝质I-S过渡型花岗岩...     

Nature of accretion related to Paleo-Tethys subduction recorded in northern Thailand: Constraints from mélange kinematics and illite crystallinity

We reconstructed the accretion process related to Paleo-Tethys subduction recorded in northern Thailand, based on mélange and thrust structures, and metamorphic temperatures derived from illite crystallinity data. Mélange formation was characterized by hydrofracturing and cataclastic deformation, with mud injection under semi-lithified conditions followed by shear deformation and pressure solution. Illite crystallinity data suggest metamorphic temperatures below 250 °C during mélange formation. The combined structural and metamorphic data indicate that during mélange formation, the accretionary complex related to Paleo-Tethys subduction developed at shallow levels within an accretionary prism. Asymmetric shear fabrics in mélange indicate top-to-south shear. After correction for rotation associated with collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents, the trend of the Paleo-Tethys subduction zone is estimated to have been N80 °E. We conclude that the Paleo-Tethys was subducted northward beneath the Indochina Block from the Permian to Triassic.     

IODP333航次：科学目标、钻探进展与研究潜力

在“地震带实验项目”（NanTroSEIZE）的总体框架下,IODP333航次的任务是在日本四国岛岸外一条断面的3个站位获取岩芯。钻探于2010年12月12日至2011年1月10日实施,钻取了4个长岩芯,总长达1005m。IODP333航次的主要研究内容是陆坡、海沟底部和海山脊部的第四纪沉积过程,包括沉积层内的孔隙压力...     

Unwrapping reworked crust at the Columbia supercontinent margin within central southern Amazon Craton using multi-source geophysics and geochronology data synergy

The geometry and evolution of pre-existing basement in accretionary belts bordering supercontinents are often unclear. Integrative interpretation of long-wavelength potential field satellite data can image deep crust structure, improving our understanding of lithospheric processes that formed these margins bottom-up. Here, we present a multidisciplinary interpretation of the lithospheric architecture of the central southern Amazon Craton, a fragment of an accretionary belt at the southwestern Columbia supercontinent margin. Satellite-borne gravity and magnetic data, airborne magnetic data, passive seismic (V_p/V_s ratio, crustal thickness) and seismic tomography data reveals that basement terranes from the interior of the craton extend into the accretionary margin of Columbia. We demonstrate a vertically heterogeneous structure with an underlying strongly reworked pre-Columbia tectonic wedge that sustained prolonged modification during the supercontinent assembly as corroborated by Nd isotope and geochronology data. Nd isotope data suggest that the protracted orogenic wedge was influenced by subduction angle shifts over time, including addition of substantial juvenile material during slab retreat events. This interplay promoted Craton growth at the supercontinent margin while keeping a subtle record of the pre-existing framework. Our findings point to the possible misrepresentation of basement extension and geometry of supercontinent margins elsewhere.     

大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩的岩石成因、构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示

本文通过对大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩进行岩石学、年代学及地球化学分析,揭示其岩石成因、形成的构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示。早、晚石炭世二长花岗岩形成年龄依次为334Ma(早石炭世中期)与316Ma(晚石炭世早期)。早石炭世二长花岗岩具有较高的Si O2及Al2O3含量,铝指数均大于1. 1,为强过铝质S型花岗岩。相对较低的Rb/Ba及Rb/Sr比值反映出砂屑岩等贫泥质成分岩石为其原始岩浆的形成提供了物质来源,不同岩石类型脱水熔融实验也证明其成岩岩浆来源于变沉积岩的部分熔融。大量正的εHf(t)值和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=637～1048Ma)说明原始成岩岩浆来源于较为年轻的下地壳物质的部分熔融。少量负的εHf(t)值和较为古老的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=1268～1863Ma),说明成岩岩浆中也有少量古老前寒武纪壳源物质的参与。锆石饱和温度计算表明岩石的岩浆结晶温度在800～850℃之间。晚石炭世二长花岗岩富集轻稀土元素及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有未分异I型花岗岩的特征。其岩浆来源于石榴子石稳定区之上,具中等地壳深度的变玄武岩部分熔融。同时其正的εHf(t)值(2. 1～8. 9)和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=701～1094Ma)说明年轻下地壳物质也参与了原始岩浆的形成。岩浆演化过程中结晶分异作用较差,熔融作用发生于H2O不饱和的条件下。早石炭世二长花岗岩形成于碰撞后构造环境,说明兴安地块与松嫩地块最晚在早石炭世中期之前已经开始碰撞缝合。晚石炭世二长花岗岩的形成则与古洋盆闭合之后碰撞拼贴板块之间因造山作用而引发的"后碰撞"相关。中亚造山带在新元古代至寒武纪及晚古生代时期均经历了重要的地壳增生事件,除水平增生外,垂向增生也是一种重要增生方式,增生机制主要通过"二阶段增生"模式实现。前期俯冲板片的断离下沉或下地壳的拆沉作用导致的幔源岩浆上升在增生过程中起到了重要作用,不仅提供了热量,而且提供了新的物质来源。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000820

The combined use of Hf,Nd and Sr isotopes is more useful in understanding the supercontinent cycle than the use of only Hf isotopic data from detrital zircons.Sr and Nd seawater isotopes,although not as precise as εNd and εHf distributions,also record input from ocean ridge systems.Unlike detrital zircons where sources cannot be precisely located because of crustal recycling,both the location and tectonic setting often can be constrained for whole-rock Nd isotopic data.Furthermore,primary zircon sources may not reside on the same continent as derivative detrital zircons due to supercontinent breakup and assembly.Common to all of the isotopic studies are geographic sampling biases reflecting outcrop distributions,river system sampling,or geologists,and these may be responsible for most of the decorrelation observed between isotopic systems.Distributions between 3.5 and 2 Ga based on εHf median values of four detrital zircon databases as well as our compiled εNd database are noisy but uniformly distributed in time,whereas data between 2 and 1 Ga data are more tightly clustered with smaller variations.Grouped age peaks suggest that both isotopic systems are sampling similar types of orogens.Only after 1 Ga and before 3.5 Ga do we see wide variations and significant disagreement between databases,which may partially reflect variations in both the number of sample locations and the number of samples per location.External and internal orogens show similar patterns in εNd and εHfwith age suggesting that both juvenile and reworked crustal components are produced in both types of orogens with similar proportions.However,both types of orogens clearly produce more juvenile isotopic signatures in retreating mode than in advancing mode.Many secular changes in εHf and εNd distributions correlate with the supercontinent cycle.Although supercontinent breakup is correlated with short-lived decreasing εHf and εNd （≤ 100 Myr） for most supercontinents,there is no isotopic evidence for the breakup of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna.Assembly of supercontinents by extroversion is recorded by decreasing εNd in granitoids and metasediments and decreasing εHf in zircons,attesting to the role of crustal reworking in external orogens in advancing mode.As expected,seawater Sr isotopes increase and seawater Nd isotopes decrease during supercontinent assembly by extroversion.Pangea is the only supercontinent that has a clear isotopic record of introversion assembly,during which median εNd and εHf rise rapidly for ≤ 100 Myr.Although expected to increase,radiogenic seawater Sr decreases （and seawater Nd increases） during assembly of Pangea,a feature that may be caused by juvenile input into the oceans from new ocean ridges and external orogens in retreating mode.The fact that a probable onset of plate tectonics around 3 Ga is not recorded in isotopic distributions may be due the existence of widespread felsic crust formed prior to the onset of plate tectonics in a stagnant lid tectonic regime,as supported by Nd and Hf model ages.     

The Moura Phyllonitic Complex: An Accretionary Complex related with obduction in the Southern Iberia Variscan Suture

The structure of the southernmost domain of the Ossa Morena Zone in Portugal (south sector of the Iberian Autochthonous Terrane) is strongly controlled by earlier deformation events. The first two deformation events correspond to tangential strain regimes, marked by subhorizontal milonitic foliations. These events seem to be directly related with the obduction/subduction process during the Variscan ocean closure and the emplacement of the Beja-Acebuches Oceanic Terrane. In this domain (Évora-Beja Domain), the upper tectono-stratigraphic unit (Moura Phyllonitic Complex) is mainly represented by phyllites and corresponds to a strongly imbricated complex, involving several layers of autochthonous sequence (mainly rocks of a volcano-sedimentary complex), but it also includes dismembered and scattered slices of ophiolites. The widespread greenschists facies overprint an earlier high-pressure metamorphic event (blueschists in the central sector of Évora-Beja Domain and eclogites in the western sector). With regard to its geochemical signature, the Moura Phyllonitic Complex includes amphibolites ranging from N-MORB to T/P-MORB (ophiolitic slices) and mafic alkaline and peralkaline metavolcanics (autochthonous slices). At macroscopic scale, the autochthonous sequence of the Évora-Beja Domain is almost complete in the eastern region, with a stratigraphic sequence ranging from Precambrian to Silurian/Lower Devonian. Towards WSW, the Moura Phyllonitic Complex progressively become tectonically discordant on the sequence below, just near the suture, where it superposes Precambrian levels. The overall evidences (tectonic, metamorphic and geochemical) allow the conclusion that the Moura Phyllonitic Complex is an accretionary complex related with the obduction process during earlier times of the variscan ocean closure.     

A derivation of the Isted formula for average mineral grade of a triangular prism

The Isted formula, which provides an exact calculation of the spatial average of mineral grade in a triangular prism under the assumption of linear change, is derived, and its limitations outlined. This formula may be used to estimate the mean of any trivariate function whenever variation in the vertical direction can be considered negligible.     

巧用"4+1"剖切法快速计算土方量

针对土方量计算的特点,采用三棱柱法和“4＋1”剖切法,巧妙利用AutoCAD和Excel中的一些功能,快速计算出土方量,给出了计算土方量一个更巧更便捷的方法.