Geochemistry and geochronology of the Neoproterozoic Pan-African Transcaucasian Massif (Republic of Georgia) and implications for island arc evolution of the late Precambrian Arabian–Nubian Shield

The Transcaucasian Massif (TCM) in the Republic of Georgia includes Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian ophiolites and magmatic arc assemblages that are reminiscent of the coeval island arc terranes in the Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) and provides essential evidence for Pan-African crustal evolution in Western Gondwana. The metabasite–plagiogneiss–migmatite association in the Oldest Basement Unit (OBU) of TCM represents a Neoproterozoic oceanic lithosphere intruded by gabbro–diorite–quartz diorite plutons of the Gray Granite Basement Complex (GGBC) that constitute the plutonic foundation of an island arc terrane. The Tectonic Mélange Zone (TMZ) within the Middle-Late Carboniferous Microcline Granite Basement Complex includes thrust sheets composed of various lithologies derived from this arc-ophiolite assemblage. The serpentinized peridotites in the OBU and the TMZ have geochemical features and primary spinel composition (0.35) typical of mid-ocean ridge (MOR)-type, cpx-bearing spinel harzburgites. The metabasic rocks from these two tectonic units are characterized by low-K, moderate-to high-Ti, olivine-hypersthene-normative, tholeiitic basalts representing N-MORB to transitional to E-MORB series. The analyzed peridotites and volcanic rocks display a typical melt-residua genetic relationship of MOR-type oceanic lithosphere. The whole-rock Sm–Nd isotopic data from these metabasic rocks define a regression line corresponding to a maximum age limit of 804 ± 100 Ma and εNd_int = 7.37 ± 0.55. Mafic to intermediate plutonic rocks of GGBC show tholeiitic to calc-alkaline evolutionary trends with LILE and LREE enrichment patterns, Y and HREE depletion, and moderately negative anomalies of Ta, Nb, and Ti, characteristic of suprasubduction zone originated magmas. U–Pb zircon dates, Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron, and Sm–Nd mineral isochron ages of these plutonic rocks range between  750 Ma and 540 Ma, constraining the timing of island arc construction as the Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian. The Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and the model and emplacement ages of massive quartz diorites in GGBC suggest that pre-Pan African continental crust was involved in the evolution of the island arc terrane. This in turn indicates that the ANS may not be made entirely of juvenile continental crust of Neoproterozoic age. Following its separation from ANS in the Early Paleozoic, TCM underwent a period of extensive crustal growth during 330–280 Ma through the emplacement of microcline granite plutons as part of a magmatic arc system above a Paleo-Tethyan subduction zone dipping beneath the southern margin of Eurasia. TCM and other peri-Gondwanan terranes exposed in a series of basement culminations within the Alpine orogenic belt provide essential information on the Pan-African history of Gondwana and the rift-drift stages of the tectonic evolution of Paleo-Tethys as a back-arc basin between Gondwana and Eurasia.     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗海勒斯台岩体的年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文报道了分布于兴蒙造山带东北部东乌珠穆沁旗海勒斯台岩体的岩石学、地球化学和年代学特征,以讨论该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境。岩石学研究表明,海勒斯台岩体岩性较为单一,主要为花岗斑岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,海勒斯台花岗斑岩的年龄为463.5±2.0 Ma,表明其形成时代为中奥陶世。花岗斑岩具有富硅(75.14%～77.88%)、富碱(6.15%～7.92%)、低钛(0.15%～0.17%)和铝(11.25%～12.61%)、贫钙(0.18%～1.25%)和镁(0.14%～0.31%),富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K及高场强元素Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Sr、Eu、P、Ti,中等亏损Ba、Nb、Ta等元素,10000Ga/Al值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量较高,属于A2型花岗岩。花岗斑岩的锆石饱和温度介于878～899℃之间,同时具有非常低的Sr和高Yb特征,指示岩石形成于低压高温的伸展构造背景,可能为减薄地壳的部分熔融。结合区域地质资料,认为该花岗斑岩可能形成于古亚洲洋沿着苏尼特左旗—锡林浩特一线向西伯利亚板块俯冲引起的陆缘弧后拉张环境。     

中非铜钴成矿带地质特征及铜钴矿床资源量分析

中非铜钴成矿带是世界最大的沉积型铜钴成矿带、全球最大钴矿、第三大铜矿发现区。因铜钴价格持续走高和中资企业持续关注的迫切性,本文对中非铜钴成矿带地质特征、铜钴矿床资源分布规律、权益资源量情况进行分析研究。同时,系统收集研究区学术研究成果、商业数据库、企业年报等数据,分析认为Lufilian弧形构造带是中非铜钴成矿带构造背景,从北向南依次为弧外部褶皱推覆带、穹窿地区、复式向斜带、加丹加高原。地层分为孔德龙古、恩古巴、罗安三个群,地层年龄自<573±5 Ma至879±16 Ma。含矿层位主要是罗安群矿床组,下分R2.1、R2.2、R2.3三个含矿层。矿床类型主要为碳酸盐质巨型角砾岩型、含矿页岩型、含矿砂岩型、含矿基底型铜矿,构成6个铜钴矿集区,具有等间距分布特征,间距为±20 km。截至2021年,研究区探获铜资源量1.91亿t,钴资源量1404万t。以当量铜资源量排序,>100万t的矿床33个,>1000万t级别的矿床7个。共有14个国家55家矿业企业参与铜钴成矿带勘探及开发。我国权益铜钴资源量分别为6467万t、648万t。大于50万t权益铜资源量的企业有洛阳钼业、紫金...     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗阿德拉嘎碱长花岗岩锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义

阿巴嘎旗阿德拉嘎碱长花岗岩位于贺根山蛇绿岩带北侧。为了确定该碱长花岗岩体的岩石成因类型,探讨其构造环境,对该岩体进行了野外地质、岩石学、地球化学和LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学研究。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年表明,阿德拉嘎碱长花岗岩体的侵位年龄为310. 7±2. 6Ma,形成时代为晚石炭世。岩石地球化学研究表明,阿德拉嘎碱长花岗岩具有较高的SiO2、Na2O+K2O含量和较高的Ga/Al、（Na2O+K2O）/CaO值,相对贫CaO、MgO、Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P。稀土元素总量较低,轻重稀土分馏不明显,稀土配分曲线呈海鸥性,负铕异常明显（δEu=0. 15~0. 37）。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,该碱长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,形成于弧后伸展构造环境,为晚石炭世古亚洲洋向西伯利亚俯冲作用的产物。     

西藏唐加地区卓隆普斜长角闪岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及地质意义北大核心CSCD

本文以西藏唐加地区卓隆普斜长角闪岩为研究对象,通过岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学组成分析,探讨了其岩石成因以及对松多古特提斯洋演化的地质意义。结果显示,卓隆普斜长角闪岩原岩形成于264.7±1.3 Ma(n=28,MSWD=0.88),属中二叠世。全岩地球化学特征显示该套岩石呈钙碱性,富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=4.69~4.88),弱铕异常(δEu=0.81);样品富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs),具有强烈的Nb-Ta负异常,表现出岛弧玄武岩亲缘性。多种判别图解显示斜长角闪岩原岩形成于俯冲相关的岛弧环境,原岩岩浆由俯冲大洋板片和洋壳物质融熔体以及其脱水过程中形成的俯冲流体交代上覆地幔楔形成,岩浆上升过程中可能受到轻微的地壳物质混染。结合区域资料,本次研究认为唐加-松多古特提斯洋在265 Ma(中二叠世)之前已经发生俯冲。     

Geochronological data from TTG-type rock associations of the Arroio dos Ratos Complex and implications for crustal evolution of southernmost Brazil in Paleoproterozoic times

U–Pb isotope analyses by LA-MC-ICPMS (Laser Ablation – Multi Collector – Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) in zircon crystals from metatonalites, tonalites and granodiorite gneiss from the Arroio dos Ratos Complex (ARC) early magmatism in southernmost Brazil are presented. The ARC is located in the eastern portion of the Sul-rio-grandense Shield, occurring as septa and roof pendants on granitoids emplaced along the Southern Brazilian Shear Belt (SBSB). The SBSB corresponds to a translithospheric structure composed of several anastomosed shear zones of dominantly transcurrent kinematics whose syntectonic magmatism, of Neoproterozoic age, is characteristic of post-collisional environments. The studied rocks comprise TTG-type associations with coeval mafic magmatism, deformed and metamorphosed within a ductile shear zone. Zircon crystals obtained from six samples are interpreted as igneous given that the crystals are subhedral to euhedral, bipyramidal, with concentric zonation, have ratios Th/U between 0.13 and 0.81 and have restricted evidence of overgrowth. The oldest Association 1 (A1) has structures compatible with recrystallization under conditions of high temperature and an igneous age of 2148 ± 33 Ma, obtained in a metatonalite. The rocks of Association 2 (A2) have similar compositions, although with a more significant coeval mafic fraction. They are intrusive into A1 and also show high-temperature recrystallization features. However, they are less deformed and partly preserve their primary, igneous fabric. The igneous ages obtained from two A2 tonalites are 2150 ± 28 Ma and 2136 ± 27 Ma. Association 3 (A3) is represented by tonalitic to granodioritic gneisses whose structure, composition and metamorphic features are similar to those of A1 rocks, except for the absence of coeval mafic magmas in the former. Local features resulting from partial melting are present in A3 rocks. Three samples from A3 were dated. A tonalitic gneiss gives igneous age of 2099 ± 10 Ma and two granodioritic gneisses give igneous ages of 2081 ± 7 Ma and 2077 ± 13 Ma. Restricted to A1, inheritance is represented by one subhedral, zoned, gently rounded zircon crystal interpreted as igneous, of 2732 ± 40 Ma (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age), with discordance of 9% and ²³²Th/²³⁸U ratio of 1.17. A single Neoproteozoic metamorphic date value was obtained from the rim of a zircon crystal of Paleoproterozoic core. The age of 635 ± 6 Ma (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age), with Th/U ratio < 0.1 and 1% discordance, is interpreted as compatible with adjacent SBSB magmatism. The three associations are interpreted to represent the record of successive magmatic pulses that mark the evolution of a Paleoproterozoic continental magmatic arc. In the study area, these magmatic arc associations represent relict areas partly reworked and relatively well-preserved from Neoproterozoic tectono-magmatic post-collisional events during the construction of the Southern Brazilian Shear Belt.     

一种改进的RANSAC算法提取多模型圆弧特征点云

针对传统RANSAC算法迭代次数无上限及只能识别单个模型的局限,提出一种适用于扫描线式点云数据改进的RANSAC算法。对三维激光点云数据进行二维化处理,在RANSAC算法的基础上对局外点进行预剔除,计算过程中对迭代次数进行自适应调整,采用分次识别法实现多模型圆弧点云的提取。实例证明,文中算法能够有效地提取同一场景中的多模型圆弧点云,较传统算法具有明显优势。     

龙木错—双湖古特提斯洋俯冲记录——羌塘中部日湾茶卡早石炭世岛弧火山岩

尽管龙木错—双湖结合带经历早古生代—三叠纪的长期演化过程,但已有资料显示羌塘中部沿该带的岩浆活动主要与碰撞作用有关,仍缺乏与俯冲相关火成岩的报道。报道龙木错—双湖结合带西段日湾茶卡东的一套那底岗日组火山岩中安山岩的年龄、岩石及地球化学特征,利用LA-ICP-MS方法测得安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为330.6±2.8Ma,表明火山活动的时间为早石炭世。该套岩石因遭受硅质流体交代,SiO2含量变化较大（54.84%~72.84%）,在Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2×0.00001图解中全部落入安山岩区,属于低—中钾钙碱性系列;微量元素蛛网图明显富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素,具火山岛弧特征。日湾茶卡安山岩是在羌塘中部发现的早石炭世岛弧型火山岩,为龙木错—双湖古特提斯洋盆晚古生代俯冲作用提供直接的年代学和岩石学证据。     

南盘江盆地南缘富宁—那坡地区早—中三叠世火山-沉积组合形成环境

南盘江盆地南缘发育大量早—中三叠世岩浆岩和巨厚三叠系,为研究沿中越边界一带是否发生洋盆俯冲消亡过程提供了重要的岩浆-沉积证据。选取中越边界地区出露面积最大的富宁—那坡地区早—中三叠世火山岩及相关沉积作为研究对象,通过系统的地质填图和剖面测量,查明这套火山-沉积组合具有下部玄武安山岩,上覆碳酸盐岩质砾岩、含砾粗砂岩和钙质砂岩的沉积序列,与岛弧环境火山-沉积序列相似。玄武安山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果为247±1 Ma和246±3 Ma,与野外产于中三叠统碎屑岩之下的地质事实相符。结合前人研究成果,确定这套火山岩形成于早—中三叠世(247~242 M a)。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,玄武安山岩富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs,R b、T h和U)和轻稀土元素(LR EE),其具有明显的Nb、Ta和Ti负异常。火山-沉积序列和火山岩地球化学特征表明,富宁—那坡地区早—中三叠世火山-沉积组合形成于与俯冲相关的弧环境。中越边界地区早—中三叠世弧火山岩与蛇绿混杂岩带的时空展布特征表明,该地区晚古生代洋盆发生了向北的俯冲消减。     

新疆东天山玉海铜钼矿区志留纪侵入体岩石成因及构造意义

文章对东天山玉海铜钼矿区含矿岩体石英闪长(玢)岩及围岩二长花岗岩的成岩年龄进行研究。LAMC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示石英闪长(玢)岩形成于(427.80±0.98)Ma,即中志留世;二长花岗岩形成于(318.40±0.66)Ma,即晚石炭世。石英闪长(玢)岩w(SiO_2)为58.30%~64.28%,w(Al2O3)为15.24%~17.36%,w(MgO)为1.73%~4.80%,w(Y)为10.20×10~(-6)~17.40×10~(-6),w(Yb)为1.33×10~(-6)~1.98×10~(-6),石英闪长(玢)岩Sr/Y比值为41.58~79.22,(La/Yb)N为4.19~10.04,为类埃达克岩(adakite-like)。石英闪长(玢)岩具轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的配分型式,Eu无异常或正异常,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有典型岛弧岩浆岩的特征。Sr-Nd同位素(εNd(t)=+5.4~+7.1,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.703 59~0.703 83)表明其源区是亏损地幔。通过与土屋-延东斑岩矿床含矿岩体的对比研究,认为玉海石英闪长(玢)岩也形成于岛弧环境,但源区可能是俯冲流体改造过的地幔楔。综合区域早古生代岩浆岩的资料,认为大南湖-头苏泉岛弧带早古生代为不成熟弧环境,与准噶尔洋向南俯冲有关。