西藏朗县地区增生楔杂岩带90Ma岛弧型深成岩浆活动和意义

碰撞前增生楔带的岩浆活动在世界许多缝合带均较强烈。为证实雅鲁藏布江带是否存在碰撞前增生楔岩浆活动,本文报道了朗县英云闪长岩岩株的地质特征,以及岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素数据。结果表明,朗县岩体变形较弱,侵位于强烈变形的蛇绿混杂岩中(蛇绿岩年龄(145.7±2.5)Ma),时代为(92.58±0.72)Ma(MSWD=1.8),岩石属于钙碱性系列,高镁、富钠,相容元素(Cr=71.48×10-6~86.74×10-6,Co=22.32×10-6~23.52×10-6,Ni=33.51×10-6~36.31×10-6)含量高,富含大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和放射性生热元素Th、Pb、U、K、Sr等,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf(Ti)等非活动性元素,轻稀土明显富集,重稀土亏损(LaN/YbN=6.95~7.44),具有不明显的铕异常,δEu值为0.82~0.91,εNd(t)值变化于2.68~3.23。在以上基础上,结合前人研究成果,认为朗县英云闪长岩体形成于增生楔岛弧环境,与雅鲁藏布江洋俯冲-消减带向南迁移密切相关,是90 Ma的洋脊俯冲地球动力背景下亏损地幔和增生楔熔体混合的产物。     

云南格咱岛弧带南缘铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床硫铅同位素特征与成矿物质来源示踪

铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床位于格咱岛弧成矿带南缘,是西南三江地区近年来新发现的大型斑岩型铜钼多金属矿床。本文通过硫、铅同位素的示踪研究,探讨了成矿物质的来源。测试结果表明,矿石中硫化物的δ34S值变化于-0.7‰~+3.8‰,平均为0.79‰,变化范围很小,表明硫同位素来源单一,显示岩浆源硫同位素组成的特征。矿石矿物的铅同位素组成,206Pb/204Pb为18.3325~18.694,207Pb/204Pb为15.588~15.663,208Pb/204Pb为38.454~39.008,铅同位素组成较为稳定,显示正常铅的特征。铅同位素组成与特征参数(△β与△γ、V1与V2)之间具有明显的正相关性,依据铅构造模式判别和成因分类的综合分析,铜厂沟斑岩型铜钼矿床的铅主要来源于深部,并显示壳幔混合来源的特征。矿床的成矿作用与燕山期岩浆侵入岩活动存在较密切的关系,但地层源的成矿物质对矿床的形成有一定的物质贡献。     

西太平洋岛弧地震分布的不均匀性及其成因问题探讨

西太平洋地震活动沿岛弧呈狭窄的带状分布,但在岛弧的延伸方向上及岛弧间存在明显的差异。岛弧两端或岛弧与海岭的交接地段震源密度较大,而岛弧中段密度较小;菲律宾海板块西侧（靠大陆）的岛弧地震活动性较强,其东侧（靠太平洋）的马里亚纳岛弧地震活动性较弱;马里亚纳弧的ＮＮＥ和ＮＥ方向段地震活动比其它的方向段弱。震源密度与地貌格局及弧前构造应力有密切联系,表明导致地震活动的构造应力可能来源于大陆向海洋的运动     

SH波对圆弧形凸起地形的散射

本文采用“契合”的方法,给出了一个求解平面ＳＨ波对圆弧形凸起形散射的新方法。利用包括圆绵形凸起上边界线在内的一个圆域中预先构造的满足凸起边界应力为零。其余边界应力待定的级数解和其余下的具有圆弧形凹陷的半空间中的解答。通过在其结合面上完成“契合”的过程中分别确定出圆域和半空间听解答。给出了问题的最终结果。利用上述方法,问题的求解仍归结为对一个无穷代数方程组的求解。最后,本文给出了数值结果并对其进行了     

Submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits in the Izu–Bonin – Mariana arc: An overview

Submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits are relatively common along the Izu–Bonin – Mariana (IBM) arc but hydrothermal iron crusts are much less so. The hydrothermal manganese deposits show characteristics typical of submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits found worldwide. Recent hydrothermal manganese deposits associated with active hydrothermal systems occur on seamounts or rifts located ∼ 5–40 km behind the volcanic front on the Shichito-Iwojima Ridge, IBM. Fossil hydrothermal manganese deposits associated with older hydrothermal systems occur on inactive seamounts located on ridges running parallel to the volcanic front in both forearc and back-arc settings. These fossil hydrothermal manganese deposits are generally overlain by younger hydrogenetic manganese crusts. Differences in minor element composition and in the rare earth element pattern of hydrothermal manganese deposits from the forearc and back-arc settings may reflect differences in the nature of substrate rocks or temperature of the hydrothermal fluids at these locations.     

1997年7—9月的全球地震动态

１９９７年第三季度,全球地震活动又恢复到中等偏低水平。克马德克群岛地区发生７．０级地震。美洲地震带于７月份发生３次７级左右地震,活动强度与大洋岛弧带相近。太平洋西北边缘带地震活动偏低。亚欧带西段的意大利发生６级强震。澳大利亚西部和非洲的坦噶尼喀湖发生６级左右地震。     

椭球子午线弧长计算的新方法

根据子午线弧长的计算原理,推导出一个新的子午线弧长计算实用公式。采用新公式计算由赤道到纬度φ的子午线弧长时,在计算效果及计算精度分析方面比传统公式更加直观、准确。     

巴基斯坦北部科希斯坦弧奇拉斯杂岩体的地质及地球化学特征

位于巴基斯坦北部西喜马拉雅的科希斯坦地体为夹持于亚洲板块与印度板块之间的倾斜的岛弧型壳体。科希斯坦岛弧北界为主地幔逆总断层（MMT），北界为北部缝合带（或喀啦昆仑主逆冲断层，MKT），可将其划分为几个地质单元。奇拉斯（Chilas)杂岩体为一长约300km、宽50km的巨型基性侵入岩体，与MMT和MKT近平行展布。它被认为是科希斯坦岛弧的岩浆房根区。奇拉斯杂岩体主要由辉长苏长岩和几个超镁铁质岩－镁铁质岩（简称UMA）岩体组成。前侵入后之中。奇拉斯杂岩体岩石普遍发生轻微变形，出现叶理化和韧性剪切带。UMA主要由橄榄石（含或不含单斜辉石）堆积岩（纯橄岩，异剥橄岩）和斜长石－单斜辉石－斜方辉石堆积岩（二辉辉长岩）组成，含有少量单斜辉石－斜方辉石堆积岩（辉石岩）。辉长苏长岩的地球化学特征表明其为岛弧环境下形成的非堆积岩，而UMA的地球化学特征表明其为岛弧环境下的堆积岩。辉长苏长岩和UMA的主元素地球化学特征在AFM图解上可用堆积和非堆积的模式来解释，辉长苏长岩的稀土和微量元素地球化学特征在100MgO/(MgO TFeO)图解上显示岛弧型特点，且UMA表明其堆积特性。     

甘(肃)新(疆)交界地区的石炭系和二叠系——兼论金窝子金矿围岩地层的时代

通过对甘新交界地区 3条石炭系和二叠系代表剖面的观察 ,结合多年调查东疆地层的资料积累 ,认为 :1)因绿条山组岩性组合及所含生物群与东疆的东古鲁巴斯套组相同 ,甘新交界地区绿条山组分布区是北塔山地层小区石炭系的南延部分 ,应从黑鹰山地层小区分出 ,甘新交界地区的中南部普遍缺失杜内期沉积 ;　 2 )阿齐山—康古尔—雅满苏火山岛弧带与博格达—哈尔里克火山岛弧带的构造造山历程不同 ,彼此的兴衰转换存在一定的时间差 ;　 3)甘肃北山石炭纪生物群与天山一级地层区的生物群相似 ,具有特提斯区系和西伯利亚—北美区系相互交会、混生的过渡性质 ;　 4 )来自兴蒙海槽的早二叠世海侵 ,未波及北疆地区 ,而是经由北山、红柳河谷地 ,终止于库姆塔格沙垄以东的狭小区域 ,根据雅满苏西大沟阿瑟尔期类化石的发现 ,推断至今从未发现早二叠世类化石的北山 ,主要原因是调查程度较低 ;　 5 )在金窝子金矿、2 10金矿及 2 30矿脉附近找到许多早二叠世生物化石 ,对仅根据一个同位素年龄数据 ( 36 1.1Ma)建立的“金窝子组”提出质疑 ,否定区内存在泥盆纪地层 ,认为金窝子金矿围岩地层的时代是早二叠世 ,不是晚泥盆世。     

Collision, subduction and accretion events in the Philippines: A synthesis

Abstract The Philippines preserves evidence of the superimposition of tectonic processes in ancient and present‐day collision and subduction zone complexes. The Baguio District in northern Luzon, the Palawan–Central Philippine region and the Mati–Pujada area in southeastern Mindanao resulted from events related to subduction polarity reversal leading to trench initiation, continent‐arc collision and autochthonous oceanic lithosphere emplacement, respectively. Geological data on the Baguio District in Northern Luzon reveal an Early Miocene trench initiation for the east‐dipping Manila Trench. This followed the Late Oligocene cessation of subduction along the west‐dipping proto‐East Luzon Trough. The Manila Trench initiation, which is modeled as a consequence of the counter‐clockwise rotation of Luzon, is attributed to the collision of the Palawan microcontinental block with the Philippine Mobile Belt. In the course of rotation, Luzon onramped the South China Sea crust, effectively converting the shear zone that bounded them into a subduction zone. Several collision‐related accretionary complexes (e.g. Romblon, Mindoro) are present in the Palawan–Central Philippine region. The easternmost collision zone boundary is located east of the Romblon group of islands. The Early Miocene southwestward shift of the collision boundary from Romblon to Mindoro started to end by the Pliocene. Continuous interaction between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine Mobile Belt is presently taken up again along the collisional boundary east of the Romblon group of islands. The Mati–Pujada Peninsula area, on the other hand, is underlain by the Upper Cretaceous Pujada Ophiolite. This supra‐subduction zone ophiolite is capped by chert and pelagic limestones which suggests its derivation from a relatively deep marginal basin. The Pujada Ophiolite could be a part of a proto‐Molucca Sea plate. The re‐interpretation of the geology and tectonic settings of the three areas reaffirm the complex geodynamic evolution of the Philippine archipelago and addresses some of its perceived geological enigmas.