三江地区北段江达弧间盆地的沉积演化

江达弧间盆地位于西藏东部的三江地区北段,现今被厚约 10 0 0 0m的三叠系所覆盖,三叠纪该区以海相沉积为主,并以巨厚浊积岩与频繁火山活动形成的钙碱性系列弧火山岩为特征。本文进行的盆地分析基于两个方面:一是运用层序地层学,通过精细沉积相与沉积相模式研究,在露头剖面上共识别出 10个三级层序界面和 10个三级层序,建立了三叠纪层序地层年代格架;二是沉降史分析,重建的构造沉降曲线上反映出两次抬升 (分别在 2 5 0Ma和2 35Ma)与二次明显的沉降,估算的沉积速率介于 87～ 5 37m/Ma。研究表明江达盆地演化可划分为 6个沉积充填序列,经过了早先的拉张加深和晚期挤压的充填变浅过程.     

Effective elastic thickness of island arc lithosphere under Japan

Abstract Using topography and observed gravity anomalies, we have estimated the effective elastic thickness as a measure of strength of Japanese island arc lithosphere. The thickness is found to range from about 3 km to >20 km. The thickness seems to be controlled primarily by the thermal state of the lithosphere. The higher the heat flow, the thinner is the elastic plate. However, several areas show significant deviations. The smaller effective elastic thickness in the northern Ryukyu arc than that inferred from heat flow may be attributed to the stress regime. In Japan, extensional tectonics are going on only in the Ryukyu arc region. Shallow subducting slab under the south-western Japan frontal arc probably increases the effective thickness by several kilometers. The determined effective elastic thickness suggests that when we consider vertical movements in the volcanic arc, we should take account of topographic and subsurface loading over a few hundred kilometers. However, if the dip of the slab is shallow, the flexural responses of the underlying slab, not only that of the island arc lithosphere, should be taken into account for the compensation, as is the case of the south-western Japan frontal arc.     

The geometry of the Burmese-Andaman subducting lithosphere

The gross seismotectonic features for the Burmese-Andaman arc system which defines the northeast margin of the Indian plate are rather well known but variations in the subduction zone geometry along and across the arc and fault pattern within the subducting Indian plate have not been studied. Present workaims to study these by using seismicity data whose results are presented in the form of: (a) Lithospheric across-the-arc sections at about every 100–120 km (approximately one degree latitude apart) covering the 3500 km longBurmese-Andaman arc system, (b) a structure contour map showing the depth tothe top surface of the seismically active lithosphere and (c) interpretationof focal mechanism solutions for 148 Benioff zone earthquakes. Both penetrationdepth and the dip of the Benioff zone vary considerably along the arc in correspondence to the curvature of the fold-thrust belt which varies from concave to convex in different sectors of the arc. Several extensive `Hinge faults' that abut at high angles to the arc orientation, are inferred from aninterpretation of the structure contour map. Active nature of the hinge faultsis established in several areas by their association with earthquakes andcorroborated through fault plane solutions. At shallow level of the Benioffzone along these faults, focal mechanism solutions display left lateral strikeslip movement while at deeper levels reverse fault solutions are common.     

Collision, subduction and accretion events in the Philippines: A synthesis

Abstract The Philippines preserves evidence of the superimposition of tectonic processes in ancient and present‐day collision and subduction zone complexes. The Baguio District in northern Luzon, the Palawan–Central Philippine region and the Mati–Pujada area in southeastern Mindanao resulted from events related to subduction polarity reversal leading to trench initiation, continent‐arc collision and autochthonous oceanic lithosphere emplacement, respectively. Geological data on the Baguio District in Northern Luzon reveal an Early Miocene trench initiation for the east‐dipping Manila Trench. This followed the Late Oligocene cessation of subduction along the west‐dipping proto‐East Luzon Trough. The Manila Trench initiation, which is modeled as a consequence of the counter‐clockwise rotation of Luzon, is attributed to the collision of the Palawan microcontinental block with the Philippine Mobile Belt. In the course of rotation, Luzon onramped the South China Sea crust, effectively converting the shear zone that bounded them into a subduction zone. Several collision‐related accretionary complexes (e.g. Romblon, Mindoro) are present in the Palawan–Central Philippine region. The easternmost collision zone boundary is located east of the Romblon group of islands. The Early Miocene southwestward shift of the collision boundary from Romblon to Mindoro started to end by the Pliocene. Continuous interaction between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine Mobile Belt is presently taken up again along the collisional boundary east of the Romblon group of islands. The Mati–Pujada Peninsula area, on the other hand, is underlain by the Upper Cretaceous Pujada Ophiolite. This supra‐subduction zone ophiolite is capped by chert and pelagic limestones which suggests its derivation from a relatively deep marginal basin. The Pujada Ophiolite could be a part of a proto‐Molucca Sea plate. The re‐interpretation of the geology and tectonic settings of the three areas reaffirm the complex geodynamic evolution of the Philippine archipelago and addresses some of its perceived geological enigmas.     

甘(肃)新(疆)交界地区的石炭系和二叠系——兼论金窝子金矿围岩地层的时代

通过对甘新交界地区 3条石炭系和二叠系代表剖面的观察 ,结合多年调查东疆地层的资料积累 ,认为 :1)因绿条山组岩性组合及所含生物群与东疆的东古鲁巴斯套组相同 ,甘新交界地区绿条山组分布区是北塔山地层小区石炭系的南延部分 ,应从黑鹰山地层小区分出 ,甘新交界地区的中南部普遍缺失杜内期沉积 ;　 2 )阿齐山—康古尔—雅满苏火山岛弧带与博格达—哈尔里克火山岛弧带的构造造山历程不同 ,彼此的兴衰转换存在一定的时间差 ;　 3)甘肃北山石炭纪生物群与天山一级地层区的生物群相似 ,具有特提斯区系和西伯利亚—北美区系相互交会、混生的过渡性质 ;　 4 )来自兴蒙海槽的早二叠世海侵 ,未波及北疆地区 ,而是经由北山、红柳河谷地 ,终止于库姆塔格沙垄以东的狭小区域 ,根据雅满苏西大沟阿瑟尔期类化石的发现 ,推断至今从未发现早二叠世类化石的北山 ,主要原因是调查程度较低 ;　 5 )在金窝子金矿、2 10金矿及 2 30矿脉附近找到许多早二叠世生物化石 ,对仅根据一个同位素年龄数据 ( 36 1.1Ma)建立的“金窝子组”提出质疑 ,否定区内存在泥盆纪地层 ,认为金窝子金矿围岩地层的时代是早二叠世 ,不是晚泥盆世。     

勒巴泉—公婆泉陆缘弧主要特征及动力学背景

文中着重讨论了勒巴泉—公婆泉陆缘弧的基本特征及形成的动力学背景。认为 ,加里东晚期弧后扩张、俯冲形成勒巴泉—公婆泉陆缘弧 ,红柳河弧后盆地的扩张与俯冲是形成勒巴泉—公婆泉陆缘弧的关键 ;陆缘弧区地层主要由公婆泉群 (SG)组成 ,由一系列链状火山岛屿和其间的火山洼地构成 ,属海潮间—潮下高能地带 ,生物发育 ,火山活动异常强烈时期形成窑洞努如和公婆泉两个火山穹隆构造 ;主要岩石类型为爆发相、钙碱性系列的中酸性火山岩。该陆缘弧不仅发育火山作用 ,同时也形成浸染状硫化物型铜成矿系统     

巴基斯坦北部科希斯坦弧奇拉斯杂岩体的地质及地球化学特征

位于巴基斯坦北部西喜马拉雅的科希斯坦地体为夹持于亚洲板块与印度板块之间的倾斜的岛弧型壳体。科希斯坦岛弧北界为主地幔逆总断层（MMT），北界为北部缝合带（或喀啦昆仑主逆冲断层，MKT），可将其划分为几个地质单元。奇拉斯（Chilas)杂岩体为一长约300km、宽50km的巨型基性侵入岩体，与MMT和MKT近平行展布。它被认为是科希斯坦岛弧的岩浆房根区。奇拉斯杂岩体主要由辉长苏长岩和几个超镁铁质岩－镁铁质岩（简称UMA）岩体组成。前侵入后之中。奇拉斯杂岩体岩石普遍发生轻微变形，出现叶理化和韧性剪切带。UMA主要由橄榄石（含或不含单斜辉石）堆积岩（纯橄岩，异剥橄岩）和斜长石－单斜辉石－斜方辉石堆积岩（二辉辉长岩）组成，含有少量单斜辉石－斜方辉石堆积岩（辉石岩）。辉长苏长岩的地球化学特征表明其为岛弧环境下形成的非堆积岩，而UMA的地球化学特征表明其为岛弧环境下的堆积岩。辉长苏长岩和UMA的主元素地球化学特征在AFM图解上可用堆积和非堆积的模式来解释，辉长苏长岩的稀土和微量元素地球化学特征在100MgO/(MgO TFeO)图解上显示岛弧型特点，且UMA表明其堆积特性。     

四川较场弧形构造与1933年叠溪地震发震构造的再讨论

较场弧形构造是四川众多弧形构造带之一。本文对该弧形构造的特征及其西冀发育的松平沟断裂的新活动性作了进一步论证，确认松平沟断裂属全新世活动断裂。该弧形构造西翼弧顶部位1933年曾发生过叠溪7．5级地城,丧人对该次地震的发震构造众说纷纭。作者通过近年来在现场的多次考察，并对该次地震的等烈度线形态，地表震害展布特征，建筑物沿松平沟断裂的左旋位错，震后持表发育的西北向地震地裂缝等现象的进一步研究认为，1933年叠溪7．5级地震的发展震构造仍为较场弧形构造西翼的松平沟断裂。     

A Vendian-Cambrian Island Arc System of the Siberian Continent in Gorny Altai (Russia, Central Asia)

An extended Vendian-Cambrian island-arc system similar to the Izu-Bonin-Mariana type is described in the Gorny Altai terrane at the margin of the Siberian continent.

Three different tectonic stages in the terrane are recognized. (1) A set of ensimatic active margins including subducted oceanic crust of the Paleo-Asian ocean, the Uimen-Lebed primitive island arc, oceanic islands and seamounts: the set of rocks is assumed to be formed in the Vendian. (2) A more evolved island arc comprising calc-alkaline volcanics and granites: a fore-arc trough in Middle-late Cambrian time was filled with disrupted products of pre-Middle Cambrian accretionary wedges and island arcs. (3) Collision of the more evolved island arc with the Siberian continent: folding, metamorphism and intrusion of granites occurred in late Cambrian-early Ordovician time.

In the late Paleozoic, the above-mentioned Caledonian accretion-collision structure of the Siberian continent was broken by large-scale strike-slip faults into several segments. This resulted in the formation of a typical mosaic-block structure.     

The cessation of igneous activity and uplift when an actively spreading ridge is subducted beneath an island arc

Abstract Ridge subduction and the resulting formation of a slab window interrupts volcanic arc-type igneous activity and causes uplift of the arc system. These implied diachronous relationships are examined by comparison of the temporal and spatial positions of ancient migrated trench-trench-ridge triple junctions and the distribution of subduction-related igneous and metamorphic rocks in Japan.