Effusive history of the Grande Découverte Volcanic Complex, southern Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe, French West Indies) from new K–Ar Cassignol–Gillot ages

The Grande Découverte Volcanic Complex (GDVC), active since at least 0.2 Ma, is the most recent volcanic complex of the Basse-Terre Island (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles Arc). A detailed geochronological study using the K–Ar Cassignol–Gillot technique has been undertaken in order to reconstruct the history of effusive activity of this long-lived volcanic system. Twenty new ages permit to suggest that the GDVC experienced at least six main effusive stages, from 200 ka to present time. To the north of the GDVC, the GDS (Grande Découverte–Soufrière volcano) has been active since at least 200 ka, and to the south, the TRMF (Trois-Rivières–Madeleine Field), started to be emplaced 100 ka. Morphological investigations suggest that the whole TRMF volcanism was emitted from vents distinct from the GDS, most probably a large E–W fissure network linked to the Marie-Galante rift. The mean age of 62 ± 5 ka, obtained for the E–W Madeleine–Le Palmiste alignment suggests that a fissure-opening event occurred at that time. However, whole-rock major and trace element signatures are similar for both systems, suggesting that a common complex magma-plumbing system has fed the overall GDVC. We report very young ages for lava flows from the TRMF, which implies that < 10 ka volcanic activity is now identified for both massifs. Although hazards associated with such effusive volcanism are much lower than those associated with potential flank-collapse of the Soufrière lava dome or a magmatic dome eruption with explosive phases within the GDS, the emplacement of relatively large Holocene age lava flows (3–1 × 10⁸ m³) suggests that a revised integrated volcanic hazard assessment for Southern Basse-Terre should now consider the potential for renewed future activity from two Holocene volcanic centers including the TRMF.     

基于初参数法的多心圆拱隧道衬砌结构内力与变位求解

基于初参数解析方法的原理,建立了混凝土衬砌弹性地基圆弧曲梁内力和变位求解的初参数矩阵方程。对于多心圆拱隧道衬砌结构,利用曲梁初参数矩阵方程,以及结构的对称性和圆拱弧段交接点处内力平衡和变位协调条件,求解出了矩阵方程中初参数值,可进一步应用初参数矩阵方程求解圆拱弧段各点的内力与变位值。实例计算表明,其解析思想是可行有效的,可为类似衬砌结构设计提供一条可靠的内力分析途径。     

西藏朱诺斑岩铜矿床发现的重大意义及启示

朱诺斑岩铜矿床位于冈底斯火山岩浆弧之中西部,它是在原区域化探成果中无任何有编号异常的情况下,通过对原始化探数据进行重新处理时发现的,是迄今为止品位最富的大型斑岩铜矿床。它的发现“使冈底斯斑岩铜矿带的勘查区域向西延伸了数百km,有望发展成为巨型斑岩铜矿带”,自此揭开了在冈底斯西部寻找斑岩铜矿的序幕。该成果入选2004年全国地质调查工作重大新闻第二名(地质成果第一名),这是创新思维与科学找矿的范例。文章在较系统介绍了该矿床的成矿背景、矿化特征、发现过程及勘查新进展的同时,客观展示了笔者运用新的找矿思路对原有化探数据进行二次开发、赋予各种信息以客观的地质内涵、进行异常筛选及成矿预测研究的全过程;特别是在找矿难度越来越大的今天,对于启迪人们的找矿思路及降低勘查风险、快速缩小找矿靶区等方面具有非常重大的理论及现实意义。     

Geophysical imaging of buried volcanic structures within a continental back-arc basin: The Central Volcanic Region, North Island, New Zealand

Hidden beneath the ~ 2 km thick low-velocity volcaniclastics on the western margin of the Central Volcanic Region, North Island, New Zealand, are two structures that represent the early history of volcanic activity in a continental back-arc. These ~ 20 × 20 km structures, at Tokoroa and Mangakino, form an adjacent gravity high and low, respectively. Interpretations from seismic refraction arrivals and gravity modelling indicate the − 65 mgal Mangakino residual gravity anomaly can be modelled, in part, by two low-density bodies that reach depths of ~ 6.5 km, whereas the Tokoroa gravity anomaly is due to a higher density rock coming, at most, to within ~ 650 m of the surface. The Mangakino anomaly is interpreted to be due to the remnants of magma chambers that fed large ignimbrite eruptions from about 1.2 Ma. An andesite volcano or complex volcanic structure is the preferred interpretation for the Tokoroa gravity high. The size of the putative volcanic structure is comparable to the presently active Tongariro Volcanic Complex in the centre of North Island.     

Eruptive history and tectonic setting of Medicine Lake Volcano,a large rear-arc volcano in the southern Cascades

Medicine Lake Volcano (MLV), located in the southern Cascades ∼ 55 km east-northeast of contemporaneous Mount Shasta, has been found by exploratory geothermal drilling to have a surprisingly silicic core mantled by mafic lavas. This unexpected result is very different from the long-held view derived from previous mapping of exposed geology that MLV is a dominantly basaltic shield volcano. Detailed mapping shows that < 6% of the ∼ 2000 km² of mapped MLV lavas on this southern Cascade Range shield-shaped edifice are rhyolitic and dacitic, but drill holes on the edifice penetrated more than 30% silicic lava. Argon dating yields ages in the range ∼ 475 to 300 ka for early rhyolites. Dates on the stratigraphically lowest mafic lavas at MLV fall into this time frame as well, indicating that volcanism at MLV began about half a million years ago. Mafic compositions apparently did not dominate until ∼ 300 ka. Rhyolite eruptions were scarce post-300 ka until late Holocene time. However, a dacite episode at ∼ 200 to ∼ 180 ka included the volcano's only ash-flow tuff, which was erupted from within the summit caldera. At ∼ 100 ka, compositionally distinctive high-Na andesite and minor dacite built most of the present caldera rim. Eruption of these lavas was followed soon after by several large basalt flows, such that the combined area covered by eruptions between 100 ka and postglacial time amounts to nearly two-thirds of the volcano's area. Postglacial eruptive activity was strongly episodic and also covered a disproportionate amount of area. The volcano has erupted 9 times in the past 5200 years, one of the highest rates of late Holocene eruptive activity in the Cascades. Estimated volume of MLV is ∼ 600 km³, giving an overall effusion rate of ∼ 1.2 km³ per thousand years, although the rate for the past 100 kyr may be only half that. During much of the volcano's history, both dry HAOT (high-alumina olivine tholeiite) and hydrous calcalkaline basalts erupted together in close temporal and spatial proximity. Petrologic studies indicate that the HAOT magmas were derived by dry melting of spinel peridotite mantle near the crust mantle boundary. Subduction-derived H₂O-rich fluids played an important role in the generation of calcalkaline magmas. Petrology, geochemistry and proximity indicate that MLV is part of the Cascades magmatic arc and not a Basin and Range volcano, although Basin and Range extension impinges on the volcano and strongly influences its eruptive style. MLV may be analogous to Mount Adams in southern Washington, but not, as sometimes proposed, to the older distributed back-arc Simcoe Mountains volcanic field.     

若尔盖盆地中、晚三叠世沉积岩微量元素地球化学特征及其构造背景

位于松潘-甘孜带东北部的若尔盖盆地是中、晚三叠世时期松潘-甘孜构造带北部重要的沉积区。对若尔盖地区的红参一井内中三叠世中期和晚三叠世中期的37个杂砂岩样品进行了ICP-MS微量元素分析,其结果显示这些砂岩样品具有Cs、Rb、Th等元素富集,Sr、Nb和Ta亏损,稀土元素总量较高,且负Eu异常和轻重稀土分异明显等壳源物质的特征;而微量不活动元素的含量及比值特征以及构造环境判别图解的判别结果表明:若尔盖盆地中三叠世中期到晚三叠世中期的沉积构造环境为大陆岛弧,沉积物源受到大陆岛弧的强烈影响。通过对比杂砂岩稀土元素组成在上层和下层样品之间的变化,若尔盖盆地内中三叠世中期到晚三叠世中期及晚期沉积物源区的构造背景和性质发生了明显的改变,而这一变化很可能是盆地东侧成熟陆壳在晚三叠世后期被抬升和剥蚀,其大量碎屑物质被带到盆地的结果。     

南海北部陆缘东部中生代沉积的地震反射特征

本文介绍了中美合作在南海北部陆缘进行的双船地震（合成排列剖面）工作，讨论了新生代沉积之下的中生代沉积之地震反射特征，在今日陆架新生代沉积之下的中生代沉积之地震反射表现杂乱，低振幅和不连续特性，而在今日上陆坡新生代沉积之下的中生代沉积之地震反射呈现连续，较强振幅和可和距离对比的特征。根据地球物理特征及区域地质资料，我们指出燕山运动时间广东大陆边缘的构造格架：今日东沙群岛－彭湖列岛一带火山弧，今日陆架     

中国两种VHMS型银矿床的基本特征

中国存在两种类型的VHMS型银矿床.其一为裂谷VHMS型银矿床,产于大陆裂谷构造环境中,受碱性橄榄玄武岩系列火山活动控制.银、铜为主要成矿元素;其二为岛弧VHMS型银矿床,产于岛弧带之上,其成矿作用与岛弧钙碱性系列火山活动关系密切.两种银矿床分别就位于粗安岩和流纹岩之中,它们的主成矿作用均发生于整个火山活动的晚期阶段.     

Mesozoic radiolarian faunas from the northwest Ilocos Region,Luzon, Philippines and their tectonic significance

Northwestern Ilocos Norte in Luzon, Philippines, exposes cherts, peridotite and a variety of metamorphic rocks including chlorite schist, quartzo‐feldspathic schist, muscovite schist and actinolite schist. These rocks are incorporated within a tectonic mélange, the Dos Hermanos Mélange, which is thrust onto the turbidite succession of the Eocene Bangui Formation and capped by the Upper Miocene Pasuquin Limestone. The radiolarian assemblages constrain the stratigraphic range of the cherts to the uppermost Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous. Stratigraphically important species include Eucyrtidiellum pyramis (Aita), Hiscocapsa acuta (Hull), Protunuma japonicus (Matsuoka & Yao), Archeodictyomitra montisserei (Squinabol), Hiscocapsa asseni (Tan), Cryptamphorella conara (Foreman) and Pseudodictyomitra carpatica (Lozyniak). The radiolarian biostratigraphic data provide evidence for the existence of a Mesozoic basinal source from which the cherts and associated rocks were derived. Crucial to determining the origin of these rocks is their distribution and resemblance with known mélange outcrops in Central Philippines. The mélange in the northwestern Ilocos region bears similarities in terms of age and composition with those noted in the western part of the Central Philippines, particularly in the islands of Romblon, Mindoro and Panay. The existence of tectonic mélanges in the Central Philippines has been attributed to the Early to Middle Miocene arc–continent collision. This event involved the Philippine Mobile Belt and the Palawan Microcontinental Block, a terrane that drifted from the southeastern margin of mainland Asia following the opening of the South China Sea. Such arc–continent collision event could also well explain the existence of a tectonic mélange in northwestern Luzon.