矿物包裹体中水溶气体成分的物理化学参数图解

本文计算出1m～3mNaCl体系.温度为100～500℃条件下CO_2、CH_4、H_2、CO、N_2、H_2S和SO_2亨利常数,以及上述成分在100～350℃时的分配系数和气、液平衡常数.并设计出矿物包裹体中水溶气体的lgfo_2—T、lgf_(co)-T、lgf_(co)-T和lgf_(co)-pH等物理化学参数图,解析了江西茅坪锡矿床中石英和锡石的矿物包裹体形成的物理化学条件.     

Geodynamic constraints on orebody localization in the Anqing orefield, China: Computational modeling and facilitating predictive exploration of deep deposits

The Anqing Fe–Cu skarn deposit, with an age of 134 to 142 Ma and resources of 62.4 Mt at 0.906% Cu and 32.2% Fe, is one of the most important deposits in the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, East China. To better understand the localization of orebodies and thus facilitate predictive exploration of deep orebodies, computational modeling is used to simulate the coupled geodynamic processes during the syn-tectonic cooling of the ore-related intrusion, based on geological and geophysical investigations in the Anqing orefield.The occurrences of the ore veins and veinlets in diorite and skarn, as well as the sharp zigzag boundary of the orebody, indicate that the Cu ores were deposited after the solidification of the diorite and skarn formation, and were located in some tensional structural spaces that are unevenly distributed along the contact zone between the felsic intrusion and sedimentary carbonates. The locations of orebodies are closely associated with the contact zone shape. The computational results of two models with two typical contact-shapes show that pore fluid flow was focused into the dilation zones from different sources. All the significant dilation zones, in which the existing orebodies were located, are distributed in some specific places of the south contact zone of the intrusion. In addition, these dilation zones are closely related to the contact zone shape of the intrusion and can control the location of orebodies through the coupled mechano-thermo-hydrological processes during cooling of the intrusion in the extension setting. The skarns are not critical for controlling the localization of orebodies. This means that exploration for deep ore should target deep dilation zones close to the contact boundary of the intrusion. Such recognition may provide a useful guide in selecting exploration targets in the Anqing orefield. As a direct result of computational modeling, an orebody has been discovered in the deep dilation zone in this orefield. It demonstrates that computational modeling is a promising tool for understanding the metallogenic processes and for facilitating the deep exploration of hidden orebodies that are related to intrusions.     

光释光测年中石英样品提纯方法的改进

为了解决光释光前处理中遇到的传统方法无法获得满足纯度石英的问题,通过大量对比实验,结合玻璃工艺中石英分离研究成果,最后获得了新的石英提纯流程,与传统方法相比,新方法通过化学分离避免了密度变化对石英长石分离的影响,从而解决了斜长石和岩屑在传统的重液分离中无法剔除的问题,新方法能够获得满足纯度要求和量要求的石英,同时,新方法比传统方法实验室工作效率更高。     

Aggregate resources: Production and environmental constraints

Aggregates are produced from sand and gravel deposits or from bedrock sources. Production sites are numerous to minimize transport and are more and more in a competing land use position. Urbanization, while creating a market, also sterilizes deposits and pressures producers to relocate further from populated areas. Regulating and permitting quarries is an issue in regions with growing populations. This regulatory environment may cause exploitation schemes to evolve towards greater recycling, importing, and marine production, for example. These changes may be entirely attributable to increased environmental constraints on producing operations and not on conventional mining constraints such as overburden, ore grade, and costs of operation.     

矿产资源开发与泥石流灾害及其防治对策

由于掠夺式开采以及环境保护滞后于经济发展,我国矿产资源开发利用产生了比较严重的环境问题。本文在分析我国矿山人为泥石流灾害状况的基础上,提出了改善生态环境保护与重建的法治建设环境,加大矿山生态环境保护的监督管理力度,并具体提出了矿山人为泥石流灾害预防和工程治理的措施。     

江南造山带黄金洞金矿床成矿机制:矿物形成环境与金成矿物理化学条件制约

黄金洞超大型金矿床位于江南造山带中段,赋存于新元古界浅变质岩系中,受控于NNE-NE向长平断裂带,金资源储量达100吨。该矿床可由南至北分为金福、金塘、杨山庄和曲溪矿段,主要矿化类型有石英-硫化物脉型、构造角砾岩型和黄铁毒砂绢英岩型。金属矿物主要发育有自然金、毒砂、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、磁黄铁矿等;非金属矿物有石英、绢云母、方解石和菱铁矿等,其中金主要以自然金与不可见金形式存在。根据野外与镜下观察,金成矿作用分为Ⅰ石英-金-毒砂-黄铁矿、Ⅱ石英-金-多金属硫化物-白钨矿和Ⅲ石英-辉锑矿-绿泥石3个阶段,前二者为主要成矿阶段。曲溪矿段Ⅱ阶段毒砂相对不发育、而磁黄铁矿和自然金显著发育,绿泥石主要发育于Ⅲ阶段中,与辉锑矿及闪锌矿共生。根据不同矿段各阶段毒砂与Ⅲ阶段绿泥石成分,计算其温度、lgf(S_2)与lgf(O_2),可见Ⅰ阶段成矿温度与硫逸度高于Ⅱ阶段:杨山庄矿段两阶段成矿温度分别为300～378℃、260～300℃,lgf(S_2)分别为-11～-7.2、-11.9～-10.1;金塘两阶段成矿温度为240～311℃、245～298℃;金福Ⅱ阶段成矿温度上限为297℃;曲溪矿段成矿温度为268～368℃,Ⅱ阶段毒砂lgf(S_2)与Ⅲ阶段绿泥石lgf(O_2)分别为-13.2～-8.7、-50.9～-40.1。根据不同阶段矿物之间的相互关系及成矿温度与硫逸度演化特征,推断Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段伴随强烈的硫化作用,金以类质同象方式进入毒砂和黄铁矿中,形成不可见金;其中Ⅱ阶段由于成矿流体压力骤降,含金流体发生相分离作用,H2S等气体大量逃逸,导致成矿流体中硫含量骤降,加以硫化作用持续消耗流体中的硫,促进了含金络合物分解与自然金的沉淀。     

11 Å tobermorite from cement bypass dust and waste container glass: A feasibility study

A novel one-step hydrothermal synthesis of 11 Å tobermorite, a cation exchanger, from a unique combination of waste materials is reported. 11 Å tobermorite was prepared from stoicheiometric quantities of cement bypass dust and waste container glass at 100 °C in water. The product also comprised 10 wt.% calcite and trace quartz as residual parent phases from the cement bypass dust. In a batch sorption study at 20 °C the uptakes of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by the waste-derived tobermorite product were found to be 171 mg g^− 1 and 467 mg g^− 1, respectively, and in both cases the removal process could be described using a simple pseudo-second-order rate model (k₂ = 2.30 × 10^− 5 g mg^− 1 min^− 1 and 5.09 × 10^− 5 g mg^− 1 min^− 1, respectively). The sorption characteristics of the 11 Å tobermorite are compared with those of other waste-derived sorbents and potential applications are discussed.     

Radon-rich waters in Russia

In radon mineral curative waters, according to Russian mineral water classification, the radon concentration should be greater than 185 Bq/l. There are about 30 mineral waters with high levels of radon in Russia. Radon-rich waters have high therapeutic effects. It is proven that natural background radiation stimulates the human immune system. Radon is a natural radioactive gas that has no taste, smell or color. Radon-222 is one of the heaviest elements in the zero groups of inert gases. It is a gaseous radioactive element. All radon isotopes are -emitters while the transformation of its decay products is accompanied by the emitting of -or -particles. The main products of radon decay are short-lived isotopes Po, Pb, Bi, and TL. Belonging to the uranium and thorium decay chain, radon isotopes form directly during the decay of radium isotopes. Therefore the radon concentration depends upon the concentration of its parent's isotope in water and rocks washed by it as well as upon the amount of radon emanation. Loose rocks or rocks with a great number of cracks are characterized by higher radon concentration (zones of tectonic disturbance, weathering crusts, etc.).Crystalline rocks usually have higher uranium concentrations than the average bedrock. Examples of rock types, which often have enhanced uranium concentration >5% ppm U includes the following: granites, syenites, pegmatite, acid volcanic rocks and acid gneisses. In the earth's crust radon migrates either in a gaseous or dissolved state. It can go to the surface without any chemical reaction. Formation of the radon-rich therapeutics waters of Russia has been analyzed, and most of them are genetically connected to crystalline acid rocks that have exceeded uranium-radium mineralization. The radon content in Russia reaches more than 8,000 Bq/l. Radon-rich waters of this type occur in the Altai, Karelia, St Petersburg and Trans-Baikal regions. Another type is connected to geodynamic activity of regions and secondary radioactivity. A well-known example of radon-rich waters of the second type is Pyatigorsk in the North Caucasus. Mixing confined carbon dioxide-hydrogen sulfide water and unconfined groundwater forms radon waters. The radon concentration is 1,170–2,430 Bq/l. The occurrence of radon-rich water deposits in other regions of Russia is described. Further investigation of the radon content in other geological environments will contribute to the environmental safety as well as to the solution to many genetic, hydrogeochronological, paleoreconstructive and prediction problems in hydrogeology.     

东营市矿产资源开发利用现状与保护措施

以东营市矿产资源总体规划为指导,进行矿产资源开发利用与保护措施研究,在开发利用现状的基础上分析当前存在的矿产资源后备基地紧缺、综合利用水平不高以及过度开采等问题,进而提出促进矿产资源开发利用与保护的措施,以便更好地为东营市经济建设和社会发展服务。     

滑带土的研究进展

滑带土是滑坡的重要组成部分,与滑坡的发展演化和稳定性密切相关.开展滑带土的研究是滑坡工程地质研究的基础内容,并已逐渐成为该领域的研究热点.目前有关滑带土的研究成果主要集中在滑带土物理力学性质方面,而针对滑带土强度的控制因素和机理研究还比较欠缺.在简要总结了滑带的识别、滑带土分类和强度特性等研究现状的基础上,着重从滑带土微观结构、矿物成分、地球化学特征和形成机理等,及其对滑带土强度特性的影响进行了综述与分析.研究结果认为:除了滑带的识别、滑带土的分类及其强度特征的研究需要进一步加强外,应不断拓宽滑带土的研究领域,深化对滑带土强度本质因素认识;应重视滑带土微观结构在不同条件下的变化规律、粘土矿物成分、元素地球化学特征、微生物、水一岩(土)相互作用、渗透性以及水化学等综合作用对滑带土强度影响的研究;从发展演化的活动论观点系统研究滑带土的形成过程,探索滑带土中所蕴含的滑坡发展演化与环境变化的信息.