中国虚拟天文台数据访问服务

随着科学技术的进步和大批天文观测项目的实施，天文数据正在呈现爆炸式的增长，天文学正进入一个数据富庶的时代。虚拟天文台项目的首要目标就是要解决这些高度分散、复杂、海量的天文数据的统一访问和管理，实现全球天文数据资源的融合，使天文学家能够高效快捷的获取所需的天文数据。中国虚拟天文台项目基于目前的网格技术，设计和实现网格环境下天文数据的查询访问服务，并为客户应用提供统一的访问接口。本文重点介绍了我们采用GlobusToolkit网格开发工具包，按照国际虚拟天文台联盟最新制订的天文数据标准，完成对天文星表数据资源的网格服务封装，实现天文星表锥形查询(Cone Search)和星表查询网格两个数据服务的工作，并介绍了如何使用天文数据服务搭建其他网格服务。     

Fishing access agreements and harvesting decisions of host and distant water fishing nations

The declaration of exclusive economic zones (EEZs) granted coastal states sovereign rights over the marine resources in their EEZs and enabled developing coastal states to legally charge access fees to distant water fishing (DWF) nations for access to the resources in these waters. Despite the potential for economic gains, however, the ability of coastal states to benefit from the granting of sovereign rights and to ensure the sustainable use of their fisheries resources depends on how domestic fishing effort responds to the harvesting decisions of the DWF nations. We develop a stylized bioeconomic model to explore the change in fishing behavior of host and DWF nations when the two nations enter into an access agreement with varying levels of access fee. We further conduct an econometric analysis of changes in Pacific island nations’ harvesting behavior in response to the harvest decisions of DWF nations using data from the Western and Central Pacific tuna fishery. Our model results show that there is a range of variable access payment levels over which the host nation substitutes benefits from its domestic fishing activity with access payments from the DWF nation and that setting fees in this range can create a trap whereby host nations are forced to trade-off receiving a fair return to their fishery resources through access fees and retaining their own active fleet capacity. Our empirical analysis further shows a gradual shift in the way in which Pacific island host nations responded to the harvest decision of DWF nations as a result of the creation of the 200-nautical-mile EEZ.     

焦作市饮用水水源地安全评价系统的数据库设计

以焦作市饮用水水源地数据为基础,以Microsoft Access 2003数据库管理系统为平台,探讨了管理焦作市饮用水水源地工程资料数据库的优化设计方法,建立了焦作市饮用水水源地安全评价系统数据库,力求做到界面友好、便于操作、查询方便,为焦作市饮用水水源地安全评价奠定基础.     

Access在业务数据统计中的应用

利用嵌于Access软件中的VBA软件进行编程,可以方便快捷地实现业务数据的录入和各种数据的连接运算。     

应用VPN技术实现全省访问省局《中国学位论文全文数据库》

本文应用VPN组网技术,全省各地的下属单位通过互联网建立与省局局域网虚拟专网隧道,通过配置防火墙的IP访问控制,获取访问省局局域网中的学位论文服务器的指定IP地址范围和必要权限,查阅相关学位论文,有助于开展各项科学研究工作。     

基于Visual Basic及 Access的工程资料档案管理系统开发

在社会日趋发展和信息技术取得巨大进步的今天,许多勘查设计单位原有的工程资料管理方法已不能完全满足社会各方面工程实践的要求,使用先进的工程资料管理系统是必不可少的.因此,工程资料档案管理系统是一个具有重要理论研究意义及广阔应用前景的研究课题.文章结合鹧鸪山隧道这-重大工程,利用Visual Basic和Access开发了一个适用于广大工程建设资料管理的软件.在系统开发过程中,解决了以下问题,即利用WinRAR软件实现文件的压缩及解压缩,利用SQL语言实现文件多种查询方法.通过调用文件存放地址实现文件的打开功能.工程资料档案管理系统的使用将解决工程实际中存放、保管资料的各种问题,消除了传统资料保存方式的弊端.工程资料档案管理系统具有使用方便、查询快捷等优点,具有实用价值和推广价值.     

Back to the Future? Privatisation and the domestication of water in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia, 1900-2000

In Zambia’s Copperbelt as in most of the developing world, the water sector is undergoing reforms targeted at promoting an active participation of the private sector. Conventional wisdom suggests that the private sector will be better able to achieve universal access as opposed to the public sector which hitherto has failed to deliver. Using archival materials from the Copperbelt Province, this paper however argues that in countries like Zambia where economic enterprise was driven by private capital, access to water has always been tied to an active involvement of the private sector. The full story of failure to provide universal access to potable water cannot be told without examining this historical role of the private sector and its relationship with the public sector. At the same time, contemporary policy debates can benefit from the resonance of historical debates around economic efficiency, demand management, health and access in the production and consumption of water.     

“数字城市”的空间数据库设计方法研究

本文简单介绍了“数字城市”的背景和理论基础,并对常用的Access、SQL Server、Oracle数据库进行对比分析与研究,总结了各自的优缺点;分别从数据库的结构设计、数据库的功能设计、数据库的界面设计、基础数据库的建立等方面提出了“数字城市”的数据库的设计与建设方案,并成功运用在“数字东营”的数据库建设中。     

深地震反射剖面数据子库

深地震反射剖面数据子库（简称SB1）,系国土资源部深部地球物理探测数据库下属子库之一。经过需求分析,数据标准格式设计,采用Microsoft Access97作为开发平台的深地震反射剖面数据子库,具备关系型数据库固有的一切功能。SB1由用户查询,维护管理和报表打印等3个子系统组成。SB1收录了1996年以前,即原地质矿产部和国土资源部地球物理工作者执行深部地质计划和前沿科技计划等专项计划获得的大量深地震反射剖面调查原始记录,处理成果与解释成果。经调研数据分布和保存状况,依照“深地震反射剖面数据入库技术规定”完成了深地震反射剖面数据收集,整理及登录。迄今为止,SB1共收录国土资源部深地震反射资料累计测线19条,剖面长度859km与入库原始记录数据量35.8GB;原始记录,数据处理等入库数据记录格式皆统一采用地震勘探专业通用的SEG－Y格式;并采用通用的刻录格式ISO9660共刻录数据光盘30张。SB1管理系统的库文件及其用户指南,管理员手册,系统盘说明等文档也已刻录成系统光盘,为数据共享以及其它应用提供了方便条件。     

From seed to sequence: Dematerialization and the battle to (re)define genetic resources

In the past decade and a half, key international agreements have established systems of access and benefit sharing that aim to obtain consent and provide compensation for commercial use of plants, animals, and microorganisms—particularly those sourced in the Global South. Yet the rise of genomics, gene editing and synthetic biology may threaten the legitimacy of these agreements. Thus far, agreements have governed these resources in their physical form—as organisms in situ or germplasm in gene banks. However, both public and private research are increasingly utilizing genomic sequences and associated information. As a result of this shift, debates are unfolding at international fora such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture on whether existing agreements apply to physical resources only, or also to their sequence data or other associated information. Some call uninhibited access to digital sequence information (DSI) a new form of biopiracy, whereby digital resources are used without permission from those in the Global South. Others argue that access to DSI should remain unencumbered by bureaucracy, as it is key to biodiversity conservation and food security. This paper examines these debates over DSI and the rationales and justifications employed by the two sides, which loosely follow a divide between Global South and North. We find that different conceptualizations of genetic resources—particularly with regard to when, where and how value is added—define respective positions. Outcomes of these debates have important implications for management of global biodiversity, food security and issues of equity and justice for actors in biodiverse regions of the world.