Essay review: Writing about geology

Geologists need to write and publish, but completing a Ph.D. is not the same as taking a writing course for academic authors. Writing for publication is a core academic task; only when a discovery has been published does it enter the consciousness of geology. But a geologist must learn how to write by practice. Writing about Archaeology by Graham Connah examines the basics of academic authorship in terms that are broadly applicable to geology, too. Good authors in geology are made, not born. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

支持地图跨媒体出版的符号库研究

本文从色空间、图形描述机制、语法规则以及执行模式等方面分析了地图跨媒体发布所涉及到的各类图形格式、技术和标准之间的异同及其对地图符号库构建的影响:从地图符号的构图规律出发,引入通用的二维成像模型,提出一种媒介中立的地图符号数据结构,设计了一种同时支持地图屏幕显示、制版印刷、网络发布的地图符号库;并构建了原型系统,验证了该符号库支持地图跨媒体输出的可行性。     

Engaging a temporal–spatial stretch: An inquiry into the role of the state in cultivating and claiming the Chinese knowledge diaspora

This paper examines the role of the state in cultivating and claiming the Chinese knowledge diaspora for development, focusing on the Chinese–German academic space. It calls for a temporal–spatial stretch in conceptualising the state in this policy arena. The spatial stretch broadens the usual analysis of the state to go beyond the sending nation-state framework. It illustrates that the state, rather than functioning as a unitary body, comprises different agencies and exists in a multiplicity of forms. Examples demonstrate that the Chinese state at various geographical levels and localities as well as states in other countries engage with one another in making and tapping the Chinese knowledge diaspora. The temporal stretch necessitates an extension of our analytical optic from the conventional focus on how the state claims the diaspora ‘out there’ towards recognising its important role in the strategic and selective production of the diaspora. Furthermore, this paper calls for a higher sensitivity to other temporal characteristics in state policies and practices. Moving away from an expectation of a permanent return of its talents overseas, the Chinese state has turned to the ‘diaspora option’, which refers to regulating and tapping the potential of the Chinese knowledge network that contributes from afar and/or circulates transnationally. Other mechanisms to control the temporality of knowledge diaspora engagement will also be illustrated. Finally, the paper provides an analysis of the complex, sometimes collaborative while other times competitive relationship, between the Chinese and German states in producing and regulating the Chinese knowledge diaspora.     

现代地图学期刊回顾与发展--从地图学到地理信息系统

20世纪以来,地图学开始成为一门独立的学科,随着科学技术尤其是计算机技术的发展,地图学经历了前所未有的变革。回顾了国内外有关该研究领域的期刊出版情况和20世纪90年代以来的期刊发展,包括地图学、地理信息系统、地图史和相关测绘期刊,由此呈现出的学科发展信息,以及互联网和基于网络电子出版对现代地图学刊物的影响,特别介绍了开放式出版期刊模式的发展,并对测绘期刊的发展提出了自己的看法。     

Beyond the Anglo-American hegemony in human geography: a European perspective

Over the past five years or so, Anglo-American hegemony in human geography has been widely debated. This debate has highlighted the obstacles put in the way of the building of a more international geographical discipline. In this paper, we reflect on the possibilities and also the limitations of Europe as a context for the experimentation with a more cross-national discipline. In doing so, we notice on the one hand the increasing attention towards the Europeanisation of human geography, particularly at an institutional level, but on the other hand we also notice the lack of some basic forms and tools of communication and exchange that might facilitate the mobilisation of scholars around the ‘European project’. The paper tries to offer a contribution to this issue by discussing the ways in which a European journal of human geography might be conceived and also concretely organised. In this respect the paper takes into account issues of language, access to scientific knowledge and recognition of cultural and academic diversities.

“My Paper, My Paper”: Reflections on the embodied production of postcolonial geographical responsibility in academic writing

This article asks the question: what are my responsibilities as a postcolonial geographical writer? It takes as its starting point three extracts from texts written by the writer on their journey towards becoming an academic: a catalyst moment, a moment of self-production as an academic, and a moment of (failed) academic production. This journey raises a problematic around the ways in which the body speaks in academic writing, and the remainder of the piece reviews the geographical literature on materiality in relation to the body, arguing that Deleuzian views of matter as agentic and creative are particularly helpful in comprehending and engaging responsibly with the indeterminate but insistent ways in which the body speaks in postcolonial academic writing.     

Social segregation and academic achievement in state-run elementary schools in the municipality of Campinas, Brazil

Space not only reflects social inequality, it also reinforces the advantages or disadvantages associated with social class. However, the study of how neighbourhoods affect their residents has only recently entered the debate on urban poverty in Latin America. We use 2000 data from the Brazilian population census, school census, and the state of São Paulo’s educational evaluation system to analyze the relationship between school infrastructure, school academic achievement, and the neighbourhoods in which these schools are located. Our analyses indicate that state-run elementary schools located in areas of concentrated poverty have lower academic achievement in mathematics tests and Portuguese than mixed and affluent areas of the city, even though these schools are all administered by the same government body. We end with a discussion of the relationship between Brazilian education policy and its influence on spatial differences in São Paulo State.     

网络地图制图中的主要问题及其解决方案

本文介绍了网络地图制图的概念和分类,探讨了当前网络地图制图面临的主要问题,包括网络地图信息发布的结构模式、网络地图设计需要考虑的因素以及缩放的非自适应性等,根据国内外相关的研究及GML与SVG技术的最新进展给出了初步的解决方案。     

全球地质数据出版模式探索与研究

科学数据是科技创新的基础,也是人类宝贵的科技信息资源。兼顾保护数据知识产权和推动数据广泛共享是科学数据界长期存在的难题。数据出版（元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联出版）是解决这个难题的有效机制。“全球地质数据出版系统”（中英文）将实现元数据、实体数据、数据论文关联一体出版,通过互联网实现科学传播和公益性共享机制,在保护数据知识产权和促进数据共享方面起着重要作用。该系统将推动全世界地质学家共享科学数据,为地质领域科技创新提供数据基础。本文基于数据出版的概念,全面介绍了全球地质数据出版,并探讨其数据共享的意义价值。     

缩短交通地图出版周期方法

交通地图着重于高速公路、国道、省道、铁路等交通要素的表达和描述,随着我国交通建设的迅猛发展,高速公路等交通要素更新速度很快,这种变化是否能及时反应到交通图中,是普通读者对于交通地图质量的一般衡量标准;交通地图的编制、出版本身是一个复杂的、周期较长的过程,如何既快又好地出版现势性强的交通地图,是地图出版社面临的一个重要研究课题。本文从交通地图的地图编制作业流程、地图出版管理流程改进、地图集设计、后期数据库管理与重印修改模式的改进四个方面,归纳了几点缩短地图出版周期的方法及其应用。