基于ASTER遥感图像的东昆仑造山带岩性信息提取研究

应用ASTER数据,通过主成分分析和矿物指数等岩性信息提取方法,对东昆仑造山带温泉水库地区进行了岩性信息的遥感识别与提取。研究结果表明,主成分图像和矿物指数图能很好地反映岩石物质组成信息。元古宇结晶灰岩、二叠系灰岩、中三叠统闹仓坚沟组砂岩以及上三叠统八宝山组碎屑岩等分布面积较大的岩石地层单位在ASTER图像上可以识别出来。ASTER图像对基岩裸露区岩性信息进行提取是行之有效的方法,特别是碳酸盐岩及具有不同SiO₂含量的沉积岩和火山岩; 但对厚度较小的岩性识别及岩石蚀变还需要进一步研究。      

An Urban Open Space Extraction Method： Combining Spectral and Geometric Characteristics

This paper introduces an advanced method based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System for urban open space extraction combining spectral and geometric characteristics. From both semantic and remote sensing perspectives, a hybrid hierarchy structure and class organization of open space are issues and mapped from one to another. Based on per-pixel and segmentation mechanism separately, two classification approaches are performed. Owing to prior of spatial aggregation and spectral contribution, the segmentation-based classification exhibits its superiority over a pixel-based classification. Finally a GIS-based post procedure is hired to eliminate some unsuitable open space components in both spatial and numerical constraints on the one hand, and separate open space some fabrics from fused remote sensing classes by defining their Shape Index on the other hand. The case study of Beer Sheva based on ASTER data proves this method is a feasible way for open space extraction.     

基于NDBI指数法的城镇用地影像识别分析与制图

高级空间热辐射热反射探测仪(ASTER)遥感影像与一般遥感影像相比,能为对地观测提供更高质量的信息源。本文以福州市的ASTER影像为数据源,用归一化建筑指数(NDBI)提取城镇用地专题信息,并与非监督和监督自动分类提取的结果作比较,结果表明:运用NDBI指数法提取ASTER影像的城镇用地专题信息,不仅能获取较高精度,而且能在一定程度上区分新老建筑。     

青海湖区土地荒漠化遥感地学分析

青海湖是我国最大的内陆咸水湖,是世界著名的湿地,但随着周围地区荒沙漠化环境的恶化,其土地荒漠化也不断加剧。本文对青海湖地区土地荒漠化的自然特征和社会经济特征进行了分析,明确了荒漠化的环境背景。在此基础上,结合青海湖地区荒漠化土地普查与监察工作的范围和内容,采用ASTER卫星影像图对湖区周围地区进行解译,并利用解译数据对荒漠化土地进行等级划分,分析土地荒漠化的空间分布格局,对荒漠化作出综合评价。     

Vertical accuracy evaluation of freely available latest high-resolution (30 m) global digital elevation models over Cameroon (Central Africa) with GPS/leveling ground control points.

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) contain topographic relief data that are vital for many geoscience applications. This study relies on the vertical accuracy of publicly available latest high-resolution (30?m) global DEMs over Cameroon. These models are (1) the ALOS World 3D-30?m (AW3D30), (2) the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 1 Arc-Second C-Band Global DEM (SRTM 1) and (3) the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Global DEM Version 2 (ASTER GDEM 2). After matching their coordinate systems and datums, the horizontal positional accuracy evaluation was carried out and it shows that geolocation errors significantly influence the vertical accuracy of global DEMs. After this, the three models are compared among them, in order to access random and systematic effects in the elevation data each of them contains. Further, heights from 555 GPS/leveling points distributed all over Cameroon are compared to each DEM, for their vertical accuracy determination. Traditional and robust statistical measures, normality test, outlier detection and removal were used to describe the vertical quality of the DEMs. The test of the normality rejected the hypothesis of normal distribution for all tested global DEMs. Overall vertical accuracies obtained for the three models after georeferencing and gross error removal in terms of Root Mean Square (RMS) and Normalized Median Absolute Deviation (NMAD) are: AW3D30 (13.06?m and 7.75?m), SRTM 1 (13.25?m and 7.41?m) and ASTER GDEM 2 (18.87?m and 13.30?m). Other accuracy measures (MED, 68.3% quantile, 95% quantile) supply some evidence of the good quality of AW3D30 over Cameroon. Further, the effect of land cover and slope on DEM vertical accuracy was also analyzed. All models have proved to be worse in the areas dominated by forests and shrubs areas. SRTM 1 and AW3D30 are more resilient to the effects of the scattering objects respectively in forests and cultivated areas. The dependency of DEMs accuracy on the terrain roughness is evident. In all slope intervals, AW3D30 is performing better than SRTM 1 and ASTER GDEM 2 over Cameroon. AW3D30 is more representative of the external topography over Cameroon in comparison with two others datasets and SRTM 1 can be a serious alternative to AW3D30 for a range of DEM applications in Cameroon.     

基于Brovey融合与HSV锐化的ASTER影像绿地信息提取分析

为了突出图像的边缘、线状目标或某些亮度变化率大的部分,生成边缘图像,运用Brovey融合和HSV锐化方法,对广州市部分地区的ASTER遥感影像进行处理,然后,对两种方法分别处理后的图像,采用平行六面体法监督分类,提取城市用地信息,并对分类后的图像进行对比试验,着重对城市绿地信息的提取进行分析,探究ASTER遥感数据的两种影像处理方法对城市绿地信息的提取效果,及其空间分布为城市生态评价和景观生态建设提供必要的基础数据。通过对比试验,结果显示:Brovey方法较好地显示城市绿地的分布状况,可作为城市绿地动态监测的判别方法之一;融合后的影像能够清晰地显示研究区城市绿地的分布结构及毗邻关系;通过采用区域放大、勾画不同地类边缘轮廓、配合人工解译等工作,能够增加城市绿地与其他用地类型的差异,突显城市绿地的分布、结构、生态学特征。     

亮温与地表温度表征的城市热岛尺度效应对比研究

利用ASTER数据反演亮温和地表温度,并对二者差异进行对比;利用地统计学界定采样的最大尺度范围,并分别将亮温和地表温度影像以原分辨率为基础进行尺度下推分析,在多尺度分割基础上,构建热岛面积百分比、热岛强度两个指标,用于表征城市热岛尺度效应的差异性。结果表明:亮温和地表温度在数量结构、表征地物温度变异程度上存在很大差异;随着像元尺度增加,用亮温和地表温度表征的城市热岛面积百分比存在明显的尺度效应,且前者明显强于后者,但二者表征的城市热岛强度的尺度效应不明显,且后者稍强于前者;二者表征的城市热岛面积百分比和热岛强度均存在明显差异,表明亮温表征城市热岛的欠合理性。鉴于以上不同,在相关研究中应谨慎选取研究尺度和温度类型。     

漳平市森林可燃物类型变化遥感动态监测

森林可燃物类型的空间分布是林火蔓延、灭火可视化建模与仿真中需要考虑的重要因素之一。在对森林可燃物类型划分的研究进行回顾的基础上,提出了考虑树种信息的分类方法。根据漳平市2003年小班图层中的优势树种信息,获得该市2003年四种森林可燃物类型即竹林、阔叶树、杉木林以及马尾松的空间分布专题图。在此基础上,采用面向对象分类技术,对ASTER影像进行分类,探测每种可燃物类型的内部变化和外部变化。该技术利用影像分割技术构建分类对象,使每个对象具有光谱信息的同时,具备大小、形状、拓扑关系、类别层次等诸多信息。对分类结果进行评价的结果表明,利用面向对象分类技术,充分利用了光谱特征以及类别相关特征,提高了分类精度,分类的面积精度达到89.3%。由于影像分割过程应用了专题图层,对象的边界不会超越专题图层的边界,使得对现有图层的更新尤为容易。最后,利用矢量格式的遥感分类结果对原森林小班图层进行更新,获得新的可燃物类型图层,作为林火可视化模型的输入图层。该研究不仅提供了现势性强的森林可燃物类型图层,而且在不破坏原小班边界的基础上,对发生变化的区域进行刻画。对于森林资源管理者,提供了实地调查过程的目标区域的信息。     

Application of ASTER and Landsat TM Data for Geological Mapping of Esfandagheh Ophiolite Complex,Southern Iran

This research developed an approach to enable the discrimination of lithological units and detection of host rock of chromitite bodies within ophiolitic complexes using the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat thematic mapper (TM) satellite data. Three main ophiolite complexes located in southern Iran were selected for the study. A specialized band ratio (4/1, 4/5, 4/7) of ASTER, minimum noise fraction (MNF) components and spectral angle mapper (SAM) on ASTER and Landsat TM data were used to distinguish ophiolitic rock units. Results show that the specialized band ratio was able to identify different rock units and serpentinized dunite as host rock of chromitites within ophiolitic complexes. Minimum noise fraction components of ASTER and Landsat TM data are suitable for distinguishing ophiolitic rock complexes at a regional scale. The integration of SAM and feature level fusion used in this investigation discriminated the ophiolitic rock units and provided geological map for the study area, including identification of high potential areas (serpentinite dunite) for chromite exploration targets.     

基于ASTER VNIR-SWIR多光谱遥感数据识别与提取干旱地区岩性信息——以西南天山柯坪隆起东部为例

ASTER多光谱遥感数据目前可以用于岩石矿物资源信息的识别和提取。本研究尝试利用ASTER可见光近红外(VNIR)和短波红外(SWIR)的多光谱遥感数据提取干旱地区的岩石与矿物信息。基于新疆天山西南缘柯坪隆起东部不同地层单元岩石的化学组成和矿物成份以及VNIR-SWIR谱域光谱吸收特征的分析,我们采用相关吸收波段深度(RBD)和波段比值(BR)方法对研究区的多光谱遥感数据进行图像处理,有效区分和识别了白云岩、石灰岩、砂岩以及阿克苏群的蓝片岩—绿片岩和砂质片岩。白云岩的CO_3~(2-)吸收谱带中心波长位于2.32μm,与灰岩的CO_3~(2-)吸收谱带中心波长位置2.35μm相比,具有向短波长方向移动的特点,据此可以利用RBD7、RBD8分别有效的识别白云岩和灰岩;长英质岩石显示Al-OH和Fe~(3+)VNIR-SWIR吸收特征,而基性-超基性岩石显示Fe~(2+)和Fe、Mg-OH特征,利用不同的铁价态和次要矿物可以区分它们:ASTER band2/band1代表了含Fe~(3+)矿物分布信息、ASTER band5/band4代表了含Fe~(2+)矿物分布信息、RBD6可以估计Al-OH矿物的丰度;砂质/泥质片岩含较多的多硅白云母、绿泥石、黑硬绿泥石以及风化后表面覆盖的其它粘土矿物,在2.21μm(band6)存在有特征的吸收谱带,并且在1.65μm(band 4)具有较高的反射率,而蓝片/绿片岩在2.21μm(band 6)反射率较高,不具有明显特征吸收谱带,同时其在1.65μm(band 4)反射率较低,因此蓝片/绿片岩ASTER band4/band6比值低。应用ASTER band4/band6波段比值可以有效的区分开砂质/泥质片岩与蓝片岩/绿片岩。