基于数值模拟的多高层钢结构火灾反应规律与破坏机理

为了分析火灾下多高层钢结构的破坏机理,考察多高层钢结构在火灾下的反应规律,基于ABAQUS建立了整体钢结构的火灾反应数值模型,对不同层数的钢结构以及相同结构不同火场位置的钢结构进行了数值模拟分析,计算了局部火灾条件下钢结构的变形与破坏过程,分析了钢结构在火灾和荷载共同作用下的破坏机理,探讨了局部火灾对整体结构的影响范围与因素,给出了钢结构在高度和荷载变化时的破坏规律并分析了引起这种破坏规律的原因。     

地震荷载作用下埋地玻璃钢夹砂管的动力响应分析

玻璃钢夹砂管在土木水利工程领域得到了愈来愈广泛的应用,但现有的埋地管道地震响应分析模型大多不考虑管-土动力相互作用,且多针对均质材料管道,无法应用于具有明显层状复合材料结构特征的玻璃钢夹砂管。基于玻璃钢夹砂管的层状复合材料结构特征,建立了完整的埋地玻璃钢夹砂管地震响应分析模型,在数值分析模型中,考虑了管-土间复杂的动力相互作用,以及地震散射波从有限域向无限域的传播。算例分析表明,所建立的埋地玻璃钢夹砂管地震响应分析模型可合理地分析埋地玻璃钢夹砂管在地震荷载作用下的动力响应。     

管桩挤土效应的现场试验和数值模拟

以PHC管桩加固某物流加工二期标准仓库、厂房项目为依托,进行了吹填土地区PHC管桩的挤土效应研究。利用预先埋设的孔压计和测斜计,借助沉桩过程的现场测试手段,研究了PHC管桩在沉桩过程中桩周孔压变化和土体位移分布特征,发现沉桩过程中超孔隙水压力随距桩心距离的增加而近似呈线性规律衰减,影响范围约为10倍桩径,土体水平位移不仅与地基土性质有关,而且其分布特征也与深度有很大关系,表现为0.2～0.4倍桩长处土体水平位移较大。采用数值模拟有效地模拟了现场测试结果,进而将结果推广,得到了沉桩引起的桩周土体位移随深度和距桩心距离的变化规律。数值模拟结果表明：桩-土界面摩擦特性和桩径对土体位移场的影响较大。     

Numerical analysis of cross-section ovalization in the deep-sea pipeline lateral buckling process

Abstract

The deep-water pipeline is the main means of transportation in offshore oil and gas development engineering. The deep-water pipeline may incur lateral global buckling due to the high temperature and pressure that are applied on the pipeline to ensure the contents’ liquidity. With the increasing operating water depth, a higher temperature and pressure are applied to the pipeline, causing large lateral deformation and a large bending moment. Due to the inhomogeneous distribution of the bending moment on the cross-section, different points on the cross-section will deform differently. This kind of deformation causes the cross-section to turn into an oval ring. The cross-section ovalization caused by global buckling was rarely analyzed in former engineering practice since the load is relatively low. With the increase in operation water depth and operation load, the ovality caused by global buckling is noticeable. This article analyzed cross-section ovalization caused by pipeline lateral global buckling with a numerical simulation method. The pipelines with different initial cross-section shapes were simulated, and the influence of several impact factors, including load, pipeline and soil factors on the ovality of the cross-section, were analyzed. The results show that the initial cross-section shape type has little effect on the pipeline ovalization pattern. The initial ovality of the pipeline with an oval ring cross-section shape has little influence on the residual ovality. Among all the factors analyzed in this paper, the pressure difference is the primary factor that should be considered in a pipeline ovalization check.     

软土地区双侧深基坑施工对邻近地铁车站及盾构隧道变形影响的分析

以某软土地区邻近地铁车站及盾构隧道的双侧深基坑工程为背景,运用ABAQUS数值计算软件对邻近地铁车站及盾构隧道的双侧深基坑施工进行数值模拟,研究了双侧深基坑施工过程对基坑坑内土体隆起与坑外土体沉降的影响,分析了双侧深基坑施工过程中地铁车站及盾构隧道变形情况,得出地铁车站及盾构隧道变形规律。计算结果表明:基坑内侧土体隆起最大值为54.3 mm;围护结构X向位移最大值为32.8 mm,Y向位移最大值为26.8 mm;车站竖向位移最大值发生在A1区开挖至坑底工况,最大值为6.8 mm,而车站水平位移最大值为7.6 mm;弯矩累计增量最大值155.9 kN·m/m,经计算,施工过程对车站主体结构影响很小;盾构隧道X向水平位移最大值为4.7 mm;而盾构隧道沉降最大值为3.8 mm,发生在A1区开挖至坑底工况。      

基于广义塑性理论的尾砂本构模型在ABAQUS中的二次开发

建立尾砂的本构模型是开展尾矿坝数值模拟和安全评价的重要基础,而目前尾砂的本构模型研究多集中于非线性弹性模型,如Duncan-Chang模型,关于弹塑性模型的研究较少。结合尾砂的应力-应变特性,提出了一种适用于描述尾砂力学特性的改进广义塑性模型。基于用户自定义材料子程序UMAT,将提出的模型在ABAQUS中二次开发实现,应力积分采用Runge-Kutta显式积分。通过三轴试验模拟验证,偏差应力曲线表明,有限元计算结果可以反映围压对应力-应变关系的影响,抗剪强度随应变逐渐硬化,达到峰值强度,随后发生应变软化,抗剪强度有所下降。体应变曲线结果表明,广义塑性模型可以很好地描述体应变曲线的体缩-体胀发展过程,与试验曲线吻合较好。同时有限元数值模拟结果和理论值误差很小,且和试验结果拟合较好。该研究成果可进一步用于尾矿坝的应力变形计算和安全评价。     

连续型隔振屏障在高速铁路环境振动问题治理中的应用研究

为探究高速铁路两侧隔振屏障隔振效果，采用有限元与无限元边界结合的方式进行分析，研究不同连续型隔振屏障及布置形式对隔振效果的影响。通过现场试验与同尺寸、同属性有限元模型对比试验，验证有限元模型合理性。计算结果表明:不同连续型隔振屏障中，空沟隔振效果最优，空沟隔振措施适合高速列车隔振；隔振屏障宽度为0.6～2.5倍波长时，其对隔振效果的影响较小，随着宽度的改变，隔振效果变化幅度较小；隔振屏障深度为3.8～15.2倍波长时，其对隔振效果的影响较明显，随着深度的增加，隔振效果增强；屏障位置对隔振效果的影响较大，建议屏障应靠近路基布置；连续型隔振屏障对高频的隔振效果优于低频。     

ABAQUS软件中部分土模型简介及其工程应用

介绍了ABAQUS软件中部分土本构模型,包括扩展Drucker-Prager模型和Mohr-Coulomb模型,探讨了二者的关系及扩展Drucker-Prager模型的适用性.通过分析得出了当内摩擦角>22°时,不能采用Drucker-Prager 模型逼近Mohr-Coulomb模型,当内摩擦角≤22°时则可以代替.并介绍了服从弹性库仑摩擦本构模型的三结点接触单元.以筒桩工程实例为算例,分析了筒桩内外侧摩阻力发挥性状,给出了荷载沉降计算曲线,并与实测曲线进行了对比,二者吻合较好,说明了有限单元法的有效性.     

Adaptive finite element analysis of cone penetration in clay

This paper presents a numerical technique for the analysis of the cone penetration test by means of the commercial finite element code ABAQUS. The von Mises yield criterion with its associated flow rule is assumed to model the plastic behaviour of elastoplastic undrained clays. An explicit finite element scheme is used to efficiently perform a large number of loading increments and to simplify the treatment of contact. An Arbitrary Langrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme is adopted to preserve the quality of mesh throughout the numerical simulation. A volumetric weighting algorithm adjusts the relative positions of nodes after each loading increment. This prevents mesh over distortion and allows the simulation to run continuously. The variation of the cone resistance is examined in relation to various parameters such as the in situ stress state, shaft and cone face roughness, and the material strength when steady state conditions have been reached. The trends of these variations are highlighted and compared with those found by other researchers. This technique can be extended to analyse the plastic behaviour of elastoplastic sands often modelled using either the Drucker–Prager yield criterion or a critical state model.     

基于冲击载荷的硬质合金球齿碎岩机理研究

在滑坡防治大直径桩孔施工过程中,快速钻进是治理成功的关键。因此选用合适的钻进机具与工艺极其重要,而气动潜孔锤因钻进效率高被广泛应用。气动潜孔锤钻进过程中,通过钻头底部球齿对岩石进行切削,达到高效碎岩目的,但球齿在破碎岩石过程中若冲击功选用不恰当,会导致能量损耗增大、球齿磨损较快、钻进效率低等问题,因此选用合适的冲击功进行碎岩具有重要意义。本文采用ABAQUS软件对单个球齿冲击岩石的过程进行了数值模拟,并进行了冲锤自由落体冲击实验,分析?19 mm的球齿在不同冲击功条件下的碎岩机理、破碎面积的变化规律。结果表明球齿碎岩机理分为3个阶段：弹性变形、压裂、体积破碎,且当球齿以30 J冲击功钻进花岗岩时,可有效降低能量损耗与提高碎岩效率。