Late Permian to Early Triassic crustal evolution of the Kontum massif,central Vietnam: zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical and Nd–Hf isotopic composition of the Hai Van granitoid complex

The Hai Van granitoid complex constitutes an important part of the Indosinian batholith of the northern Kontum massif in central Vietnam. The Kontum massif is a key region for understanding the palaeo-Tethyan accretionary history and the crustal evolution of the Indochina terrane. In this study, zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical data on the Hai Van complex are reported to shed more light on these geological processes. Zircon U–Pb isotopic analyses of six representative samples by the LA-ICP-MS technique show that granitoids from this complex crystallized between 242 and 224 Ma, indicating a prolonged period of magmatism in a late orogenic stage. Rocks from the Hai Van complex have S-type geochemical characteristics with high SiO₂, Na₂O + K₂O, and Zr contents as well as typical S-type minerals such as cordierite and muscovite. Trace elements of the samples are depleted in Ba, Nb, P, Sr, and Ti and enriched in Rb, K, Th, U, and Pb. Negative Eu-anomalies indicate feldspar fractionation during magma crystallization. The Hai Van granitoids exhibit Nd–Hf isotopic features similar to Proterozoic rocks exposed in South China, with low initial ?_Hf and initial ?_Nd values and two-stage Hf model ages of 1.9–1.7 Ga. It is suggested that during the palaeo-Tethyan orogeny, central Vietnam experienced strong early Mesozoic magmatism that originated from partial melting of crustal material similar in composition to the basement of the South China block.     

Genetic Implications of Two Different Ultramafic Rocks from Hongseong Area in the Southwestern Gyeonggi Massif, South Korea

Two distinct ultramafic bodies occur in Baekdong and Bibong in the Hongseong area within Gyeonggi massif of South Korea. The Hongseong area is now extensively documented as an extension of the Dabie-Sulu collision belt in China. The Baekdong ultramafic body has a NWW elongation direction. This elongation trend is similar to the general trend of the Dabie-Sulu collision belt. The Bibong ultramafic body is elongated in a NNE direction and runs parallel to the direction of the main fault in the study area. The Baekdong ultramafic bodies show porphyroclastic and mylonitic textures while those at Bibong exhibit a mosaic texture. Both were grouped into peridotite and serpentinite based on their modal abundance of serpentine. In the olivine (Fo) vs. spinel [Cr# = Cr/ (Cr+Al)] diagram, both ultramafic rocks fall with in olivine spinel mantle array. The compositions of olivine, orthopyroxene and spinel indicate that the Baekdong ultramafic rock formed in deeper parts of the upper-mantle under passive margin tectonic setting. The SREE content of Baekdong ultramafic rock vary from 0.19 to 5.7, exhibits a flat REE pattern in the chondrite-normalized diagram, and underwent 5% partial melting. Conversely, large variation in SREE (0.5 21.53) was observed for Bibong ultramafic rocks with an enrichment of LREE with a negative slope and underwent 17 24% partial melting. The Baekdong ultramafic rocks experienced three stages of metamorphism after a high pressure residual mantle stage. The first stage of metamorphism occurred under the eclogite-granulite transitional facies (1123 911°C, >16.3 kb) the second under the granulite facies (825 740°C, 16.3 11.8 kb) and the third is the retrogressive metamorphism under amphibolite facies (782 718°C, 8.2 8.7 kb) metamorphism. The Baekdong ultramafic rocks had undergone high-P/T metamorphism during subduction of the South China Block, and experienced a fast isothermal uplift, and finally cooled down isobarically. Evidences for metamorphism were not identified in Bibong ultramafic rocks. Hence, the Baekdong ultramafic rocks with in the Hongseong area may indicate a link on the Korean counterpart of Dabie-Sulu collision belt between North and South China Blocks.     

滇黔桂湘地区中生代复合大陆动力成矿系统特征

通过大陆构造地质研究和分析认为在印支期SW→NE挤压构造应力场的驱动下,本区沉积盆地内可能形成自SW→NE向的盆地流体大规模流动(滇东南→桂西北)。在燕山早期,环太平洋板块自SE→NW挤压构造应力场驱动下,本区可能形成自SE→NW向的盆地流体大规模流动(桂东南→黔西北→滇东北),且可能被限定在康滇断块隆升区西边界的以东地区。在燕山晚期,伴随大陆构造进入伸展-走滑体制和山间断陷盆地的形成,幔源热物质侵位形成盆地流体的垂向热(流)应力驱动源,这种张剪性构造为流体成矿提供了良好的构造背景。古潜山、褶皱-断裂带、逆冲断裂-褶皱带和脆韧性剪切带可能是本区主要流体圈闭构造和矿床定位构造,成矿系列可划分为改造型拉分盆地中古潜山控制的F-Fe-S-Sb-Au成矿系列、褶皱-断裂带热水再造成因的Sb-As-Hg-Au成矿系列、改造型盆地边部逆冲断裂-褶皱带中热流体成因的Ge-Ag-Pb-Zn成矿系列和脆韧性剪切带中W-Sb-Au成矿系列。     

华南云开高州紫苏花岗岩及其两类石榴石的成因：岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学证据

云开地块早古生代的构造背景至今仍存有争论。对云炉-龙修一带出露的含石榴石紫苏花岗岩进行研究可为该区构造-变质演化提供重要制约。详细的岩相学研究表明紫苏花岗岩中存在两种成因的石榴石(石榴石Ⅰ和石榴石Ⅱ),并识别出该岩石保留了三阶段演化的矿物组合(M_1-M_3)。峰期前矿物组合(M_1)由紫苏辉石变斑晶中的包裹体矿物石榴石+黑云母+斜长石+钛铁矿+石英组成。峰期变质-深熔矿物组合(M_2)由基质中平衡共生的斑晶矿物石榴石Ⅰ+紫苏辉石+黑云母+石英+斜长石+钛铁矿构成。退变质矿物组合(M_3)以紫苏辉石和黑云母以及钛铁矿边部降温生成石榴石Ⅱ+石英冠状体("红眼圈")和黑云母+石英后成合晶为特征。传统地质温压计、平均温压法及在NCKFMASHTO模式体系下的相平衡模拟结果表明,紫苏花岗岩峰期前矿物组合形成条件为720℃/70kbar(M1),峰期变质-深熔结晶条件为835～810℃/65～58kbar(M_2),退变质条件为740℃/56kbar(M_3)。岩相观察和P-T计算结果表明紫苏花岗岩的形成可能反映了一条顺时针的P-T轨迹,且以峰期前略微减压并伴随明显的升温和峰期后具有近等压冷却(IBC)过程为特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学结果显示锆石核部加权平均年龄为～431Ma,锆石边部加权平均年龄为～243Ma。我们认为峰期深熔作用和岩浆结晶石榴石Ⅰ的形成可能发生于早古生代(加里东期),而晚期退变质作用和变质重结晶石榴石Ⅱ的形成可能发生在早中生代(印支期)。本研究也表明云开地区含石榴石紫苏花岗岩的形成与早古生代扬子和华夏陆块碰撞后抬升过程有紧密联系,并遭受了早中生代印支期构造热事件的明显叠加。     

朝鲜半岛古生代中期-中生代早期构造格局

古生代中期─中生代早期朝鲜半岛发生了两次主要构造事件, 即古生代中期朝鲜半岛中部临津江构造带的活动和古生代晚期-中生代早期朝鲜半岛北部豆满江造山带(咸北地块) 的碰撞拼接事件。临津江带的地层、化石和构造等特征研究表明临津江带形成于志留纪末-泥盆纪初, 结束于中生代三叠纪松林期; 根据咸北地块沉积地层的岩浆岩岩石学、年代学资料, 认为豆满江造山带的碰撞拼接时期可能是二叠纪-三叠纪。黄海地球物理、地震研究, 朝鲜半岛大地构造和沉积盖层研究结果表明苏2鲁高压变质带没有延伸到临津江带, 而是被近南北向纵贯朝鲜西海的断裂右行错移到了济洲岛以南; 咸北地块和输城川断裂带的地质特征研究表明, 咸北地块可能与佳木斯地块相连接, 输城川断裂带可能与牡丹江断裂带相连接。     

松嫩地块及其研究意义

块体拼贴是东北大地构造格架的基本特征,文中拟从这一构造背景出发,在区域地质研究基础上,选择目前研究相对薄弱的松嫩地块进行讨论。通过地层建造、古生物地理分区、构造岩浆组合及年代学的资料,揭示松嫩地块与东北其他地质体拼贴的历史。松嫩地块西侧通过嫩江中古生代造山带与兴安褶皱带相接;南侧通过吉中晚古生代造山带和华北地台北缘的西拉木伦早古生代褶皱带相接;东侧通过张广才岭中生代造山带与佳木斯地块拼贴;北侧是蒙古-鄂霍茨克中生代造山带。此外,结合前人关于全球构造格局变迁的研究,讨论了东北地块的来源,并认为松嫩地块东界的张广才岭造山带是古亚洲洋构造域向太平洋构造域转折的标志。     

黑龙江省东南部张广才岭群新兴组的形成时代及物源

为确定张广才岭群新兴组的形成时代和物源,本文测定了其碎屑锆石和岩浆锆石的年龄。在新兴组中测得的两组碎屑锆石(LA- ICP- MS U- Pb)产生多组谐和年龄,BP18R15样品91个测点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为260Ma (41个点),BP18R83样品100个分析点最小峰值(谐和)年龄为253Ma (52个点)。锆石绝大多数呈自形—半自形晶,显示典型振荡岩浆生长环带或条痕状吸收,且Th/U值相对较高,暗示其岩浆成因。以此确定新兴组沉积下限为晚二叠世之后。结合侵入于新兴组的正长花岗岩年龄为210 ±1Ma,表明张广才岭群新兴组形成于晚二叠世—晚三叠世之间,而非前人所确定的新元古代。从新兴组中碎屑锆石的年龄频数可看出,新兴组的沉积物主要来源于周边晚古生代地质体以及次要的中元古代、新元古代、早古生代和早中生代地质体。前寒武纪碎屑锆石的存在暗示新兴组沉积时,区域地表或浅部曾存在一些具有类似年龄的前寒武纪残余地质体。新兴组几乎所有沉积物源来自松嫩- 张广才岭地块,暗示松嫩- 张广才岭地块与佳木斯- 兴凯地块及华北地块的拼合应晚于晚二叠世。     

黑龙江宝清地区早古生代花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及岩石地球化学特征

对黑龙江宝清地区七一林场正长花岗岩岩体、干涸沟口二长花岗岩进行了详细的地球化学分析和U-Pb锆石测年,结果表明,正长花岗岩与二长花岗岩的形成年龄分别为523.3±2.4Ma和523.3±2.3Ma,属于早寒武世。地球化学的研究显示,岩石具有准铝质-过铝质钙碱性碱性和高分异I型花岗岩的特点,高硅、高铝、富碱。属于轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损型;δEu=0.38~1.73,平均值为1.05,根据Eu的正负异常,将宝清地区的花岗岩分为2类,正Eu异常型花岗岩和负Eu异常型花岗岩。富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti。结合区域构造背景与年代学特征,在早古代以前佳木斯-兴凯地块可能属于同一个大陆——冈瓦纳大陆,在泛非运动主峰期之后,由于陆块的碰撞,形成大量的早古生代花岗质岩石。     

拉萨地块叶巴组内中侏罗世双壳类动物群及其古地理意义

位于拉萨地块南缘的叶巴组内首次采集到丰富的双壳类化石,共计有１４个种和未定种。表明叶巴组的火山活动发生在中侏罗世巴柔期,中侏罗早期是新特提斯（ＮｅｏＴｅｔｈｙｓ）洋盆形成的重要阶段。拉萨地块上所发现的海相双壳类动物群具有东、西特提斯生物地理分区的典型分子,表明在此期间所谓的“班公湖—怒江海”未构成对拉萨地块和羌塘地块之间动物群互相沟通的地理障碍。