LMU－3型激光微量铀分析仪

ＬＭＵ－３型激光微量铀分析仪是利用激光－时间分辨技术对微量铀进行分析的一种最新型仪器。本文主要介绍该仪器的性能指标，分析方法原理和仪器整体设计原理。     

杭州市城市垃圾量的灰色预测及其关联分析

以杭州市历年生活垃圾排出量为参考序列，由人口变化、国民收入等因素组成５个比较数列，按灰色理论计算得关联系数、关联度和关联序，进而分析各因素之间随时间变化的动态关系及其特征。并以城市垃圾量的数据建立了ＧＭ（１，１）模型，预测杭州市垃圾排出量。结果表明，模型精度较高，预测值的验证性良好。我们认为环境水文地质方法可以在提高城市环境质量方面发挥良好的作用。     

基于D-InSAR的樱岛火山喷发形变场解算与反演分析

采用D-InSAR技术对覆盖2020年日本鹿儿岛市樱岛火山喷发前后时段的2景降轨Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,获取日本鹿儿岛市樱岛火山南岳火山口喷发事件引起的地表形变场,并在此基础上结合点源Mogi模型对樱岛火山喷发时的岩浆源进行反演分析。结果表明,2020-07-28~08-09期间沉降主要集中在火山中心地区,最大沉降区域为火山中心地带,最大沉降量与平均沉降量分别为5.5 cm与2.85 cm;抬升主要发生在火山边缘区域,最大抬升量与平均抬升量分别为5 cm与2.24 cm,抬升可能与艾拉火山口下方的岩浆活动有关。根据点源Mogi模型反演得到岩浆源深度和体积变化量分别为1.016 km和-0.139×10⁶ m³,岩浆源位于南岳下方,与南岳火山口的喷发活动有关。     

利用SBAS-InSAR技术监测菏泽市地面沉降

采用SBAS-InSAR技术对菏泽市65景Sentinel-1A SAR数据进行处理,获取菏泽市2017-05-20~2021-05-23的沉降结果,并结合地下煤矿工作面的开采对各成像时期的地面沉降情况进行精细化分析,最后利用实际水准数据对SBAS-InSAR监测结果进行精度验证。结果表明,研究时段内,菏泽市地面沉降不断加速,郓城地区沉降较为严重,最大年平均沉降速率达-311 mm/a,最大累积沉降量达-1 269 mm。SBAS-InSAR监测到的沉降位置和沉降变化趋势与水准测量结果相符,但在沉降严重区域,SBAS-InSAR监测到的沉降量与实际水准测量结果有一定差异。     

Geochemical and thermodynamic modeling of the petrogenesis of A1-type granites and associated intermediate rocks: A case study from the central Fennoscandian Shield

The origin of ferroan A-type granites in anorogenic tectonic settings remains a long-standing petrological puzzle. The proposed models range from extreme fractional crystallization of mantle-derived magmas to partial melting of crustal rocks, or involve combination of both. In this study, we apply whole-rock chemical and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions and thermodynamically constrained modeling (Magma Chamber Simulator, MCS) to decipher the genesis of a suite of A1-type peralkaline to peraluminous granites and associated intermediate rocks (monzodiorite-monzonite, syenite) from the southwestern margin of the Archean Karelia craton, central Finland, Fennoscandian Shield. These plutonic rocks were emplaced at ca. 2.05 Ga during an early stage of the break-up of the Karelia craton along its western margin and show trace element affinities to ocean island basalt-type magmas. The intermediate rocks show positive ε_Nd(2050 Ma) values (+1.3 to +2.6), which are only slightly lower than the estimated contemporaneous depleted mantle value (+3.4), but much higher than average ε_Nd(2050 Ma) of Archean TTGs (–10) in the surrounding bedrock, indicating that these rocks were essentially derived from a mantle source. The ε_Nd(2050 Ma) values of the peralkaline and peraluminous granite samples overlap (–0.9 to +0.6 and –3.2 to +0.9, respectively) and are somewhat lower than those in the intermediate rocks, suggesting that the mafic magmas parental to granite must have assimilated some amount of older Archean continental crust during their fractionation, which is consistent with the continental crust-like trace element signatures of the granite members. The MCS modeling indicates that fractional crystallization of mantle-derived magmas can explain the major element characteristics of the intermediate rocks. The generation of the granites requires further fractional crystallization of these magmas coupled with assimilation of Archean crust. These processes took place in the middle to upper crust (∼2–4 kbar, ∼7–15 km) and involved crystallization of large amounts of clinopyroxene, plagioclase and olivine. Our results highlight the importance of coupled FC-AFC processes in the petrogenesis of A-type magmas and support the general perception that magmas of A-type ferroan granites become more peraluminous by assimilation of crust. They further suggest that variable fractionation paths of the magmas upon the onset of assimilation may explain the broad variety of A-type felsic and intermediate igneous rocks that is often observed emplaced closely in time and space within the same igneous complex.     

碳酸盐岩铸体薄片面孔自动提取研究

岩石孔隙是储层储集油气的重要场所,通过铸体薄片进行岩石孔隙结构分析对储层质量评价具有重要意义。碳酸盐岩孔隙结构较为复杂,铸体薄片图像中存在大量噪声和干扰因素,致使常规方法面孔提取效果不佳,因此本文引入一种多阈值铸体薄片面孔自动提取方法（ctsPore方法）进行孔隙区域提取和面孔率估计,方法综合利用HSV色彩空间中不同参数提取孔隙区域。本文针对碳酸盐岩储层的特点确定了一套ctsPore阈值参数,以解决溶蚀孔与噪声易混淆的问题。实验以伊拉克A油田中新统 Asmari组A段碳酸盐储层为例对所使用算法进行了效果检验。算法精度和效率分析实验表明,基于ctsPore方法的碳酸盐岩铸体薄片面孔提取误差小于0.24%。全井段铸体薄片分析结果表明,A段储层面孔率范围主要分布在6%~8%,储层较为致密,从上到下A1~A3小层的储层平均面孔率分别为6. 9%、11.7%、5.4%,与储层物性、沉积微相和岩性等纵向分布规律较为吻合。     

西准噶尔南部地区新发现的A_1型花岗岩成因机制及深部动力学意义

正作为指示地壳伸展构造背景的重要标志之一,A型花岗岩因其特殊的地球化学特征、岩石成因及地球动力学背景,倍受国内外学者关注,其中A_1型代表了裂谷或板内伸展有关的非造山伸展环境,A_2型则代表了岛弧、后碰撞、陆内剪切等后造山背景下的伸展(Eby,1992)。洪大卫等(1995)也提出拉张程度的差异是产生非造山和后造山A型花岗岩的重要因素。因此,A型花岗岩的成因研究可为约束区域构造演化提供重要依据。     

Aerosol Data Assimilation Using Data from Fengyun-3A and MODIS:Application to a Dust Storm over East Asia in 2011

Aerosol optical depth(AOD) is the most basic parameter that describes the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols,and it can be used to indicate aerosol content. In this study, we assimilated AOD data from the Fengyun-3 A(FY-3 A) and MODIS meteorological satellite using the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. Experiments were conducted for a dust storm over East Asia in April 2011. Each 0600 UTC analysis initialized a24-h Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model forecast. The results generally showed that the assimilation of satellite AOD observational data can significantly improve model aerosol mass prediction skills. The AOD distribution of the analysis field was closer to the observations of the satellite after assimilation of satellite AOD data. In addition, the analysis resulting from the experiment assimilating both FY-3 A/MERSI(Medium-resolution Spectral Imager) AOD data and MODIS AOD data had closer agreement with the ground-based values than the individual assimilation of the two datasets for the dust storm over East Asia. These results suggest that the Chinese FY-3 A satellite aerosol products can be effectively applied to numerical models and dust weather analysis.     

基于FY-4A卫星探测区域模式背景误差和观测误差估计的长波红外通道选择研究

中国新一代静止气象卫星风云四号A星（FY-4A）上搭载的干涉式大气垂直探测仪GIIRS（Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder）是世界上首台在静止轨道运行的高光谱红外探测仪器,拥有1650个通道,其中长波通道689个,中波通道961个。由于计算机存储能力、数据传输和变分同化时效性等限制,目前很难在业务环境中同化全部通道,并且多通道卫星信息往往存在一定的空间相关和光谱相似,故在实际应用中必须降低高光谱资料的通道维数,去除数据冗余和观测相关性,挑选出对特定目标起主要作用的通道子集,进而利用有限的通道来最大限度地提供观测信息。考虑GRAPES（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System）数值预报系统估计得到的FY-4A观测范围内的背景误差协方差矩阵,并且在GIIRS观测误差后验重估计的基础上,结合通道权重函数峰值和信息熵分步迭代法对其长波通道进行了通道选择研究和试验。结果表明,在给定选择通道个数时,权重函数法和信息熵方法得到的通道组合进行温度和湿度误差分析时误差整体比单一方法小,在给定通道个数（40个）少于单一方案（50个）时,误差分析结果相当。GIIRS最优通道选择的研究为该资料的同化应用建立了基础。      

星载微波散射计海面风场与海洋环境噪声的相关特性分析

根据海洋环境噪声机理及风关噪声已有的研究成果,提出利用星载微波散射计反演的海面风场数据进行海洋环境噪声分析,并对HY-2A和ASCAT数据与噪声谱级的相关性进行了对比分析。选取南海海域作为研究区,利用潜标测量系统获取的噪声数据和多源散射计风场数据开展了相关实验,并采用NCEP海面风场数据进行对比分析。结果表明,ASCAT数据与噪声的相关性优于HY-2A,散射计数据优于NCEP数据,散射计风场更适合海洋环境噪声的分析研究。该研究内容拓展了微波散射计风场数据的应用领域,并为海洋环境噪声研究提供了更好的技术手段。