工业构件密集点云数据与CAD模型的配准

针对工业构件人工检测安装效率低的问题,该文提出基于三维激光扫描的点云数据与CAD模型的配准方法。该方法是预先在两模型中找出公共点进行粗配准,把粗配准后的两模型用迭代最近点(ICP)算法进行精确配准,并通过提取公共特征点进行匹配的精度检测。实验表明,通过该方法实现了点云与CAD模型的配准,有效地提高了工业逆安装效率。     

基于自适应支撑区域的特征点检测算法

针对已有的特征点检测算法的不足,文章提出了一种基于自适应支撑区域(ROS)的算法,该算法针对目前特征点检测中的支撑区域选择,提出了一种自适应单调检测方法,改变了传统支撑区域选择过于单一的难点,自适应性强;并对于曲率的非极大值抑制易造成误检的问题,给出了三次扫描算法,即分析误检产生机理筛选候选特征点。通过支撑区域的自适应选择和三次扫描,实现了算法的自适应性和鲁棒性,检测精度高。试验结果表明,该算法无需先验参数,运行效率高,算法复杂度低。     

地铁隧道三维激光扫描数据配准方法

针对传统的迭代最近点算法(ICP)用于多测站点云数据配准时计算效率低的问题,该文提出了一种基于特征点的ICP改进算法,该方法利用相邻两测站数据进行配准的实现。首先采用体素化格网方法对两点云数据集进行精简处理,并计算精简处理后每一点的法向量;然后利用kd-tree最近邻查询搜索特征点之间的对应关系;并通过估计出的最优变换矩阵更新至全局变换,以提高配准精度。实验结果表明,改进的ICP算法在地铁隧道点云数据配准中的效率高于其他的配准方法,为隧道变形监测工作的进行提供保证。     

面向对象的车载LiDAR点云滤波方法

针对经典的机载LiDAR点云数据滤波方法不适用于车载LiDAR点云数据滤波的问题,该文提出了一种基于点云分割的不规则三角网渐进加密滤波方法。首先,剔除粗差;然后,进行点云分割;最后,以分割对象为基本判别单元,迭代地进行地面对象的识别。采用两个场景的车载LiDAR点云进行滤波实验。实验结果表明,本文滤波方法的总误差明显小于经典的不规则三角网渐进加密滤波方法。     

点到平面距离的点云数据压缩方法

针对三维激光扫描点云数据采集过密、冗余信息较多,现有压缩算法存在不足的问题,该文提出了基于点到平面距离的散乱点云压缩算法。将该算法与基于三角形法向量夹角和格网法两种现有算法的压缩结果进行比较,通过对比构建的空间三角网可以发现,该文算法对物体特征复杂的部位有较好的压缩效果,且在压缩率较高时,不会使较平缓的部位出现过度压缩而失真的情况。     

车载全景影像与激光点云融合生成彩色点云方案

针对车载全景影像与激光点云数据融合的研究不足的现状,文章给出了一种适合球面全景影像的车载彩色点云生成方案:由车载POS数据及系统标定参数可获得全景影像的外方位元素,依据影像的采集视角选择激光点最佳的关联影像,然后以球面投影为成像模型获得激光点在影像上的颜色属性值,进而获得彩色点云数据;并对融合的误差进行了讨论与分析。经过融合后的彩色点云几何精度高、目视效果好,使两种数据源的优势得到了有效的结合。实验结果验证了这种方法的可行性和准确性。     

Radio observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after Deep Impact

Comet 9P/Tempel 1 was the target of a multi-wavelength worldwide investigation in 2005. The NASA Deep Impact mission reached the comet on 4.24 July 2005, delivering a 370-kg impactor which hit the comet at 10.3 km s⁻¹. Following this impact, a cloud of gas and dust was excavated from the comet nucleus. The comet was observed in 2005 prior to and after the impact, at 18-cm wavelength with the Nançay radio telescope, in the millimeter range with the IRAM and CSO radio telescopes, and at 557 GHz with the Odin satellite. OH observations at Nançay provided a 4-month monitoring of the outgassing of the comet from March to June, followed by the observation of H₂O with Odin from June to August 2005. The peak of outgassing was found to be around between May and July. Observations conducted with the IRAM 30-m radio telescope in May and July 2005 resulted in detections of HCN, CH₃OH and H₂S with classical abundances relative to water (0.12, 2.7 and 0.5%, respectively). In addition, a variation of the HCN production rate with a period of 1.73±0.10 days was observed in May 2005, consistent with the 1.7-day rotation period of the nucleus. The phase of these variations, as well as those of CN seen in July by Jehin et al. [Jehin, E., Manfroid, J., Hutsemékers, D., Cochran, A.L., Arpigny, C., Jackson, W.M., Rauer, H., Schulz, R., Zucconi, J.-M., 2006. Astrophys. J. 641, L145-L148], is consistent with a rotation period of the nucleus of 1.715 days and a strong variation of the outgassing activity by a factor 3 from minimum to maximum. This also implies that the impact took place on the rising phase of the “natural” outgassing which reached its maximum ≈4 h after the impact. Post-impact observations at IRAM and CSO did not reveal a significant change of the outgassing rates and relative abundances, with the exception of CH₃OH which may have been more abundant by up to one order of magnitude in the ejecta. Most other variations are linked to the intrinsic variability of the comet. The Odin satellite monitored nearly continuously the H₂O line at 557 GHz during the 38 h following the impact on the 4th of July, in addition to weekly monitoring. Once the periodic variations related to the nucleus rotation are removed, a small increase of outgassing related to the impact is present, which corresponds to the release of ≈5000±2000 tons of water. Two other bursts of activity, also observed at other wavelengths, were seen on 23 June and 7 July; they correspond to even larger releases of gas.     

Organization of amphiphiles, Part VIII: Role of polyoxyethylated alkylphenols in optimizing the beneficiation of hydrophilic mineral

The floatability of silica has been determined by adsorbing various concentrations of a series of polyoxyethylated nonyl and octyl alkyl phenols of varying oxyethylene units (10–40 units) to investigate the role of adsorbed layer. It is seen that the floatability of silica increases with increase in concentration till a maximum of  90% in premicellar region and then decrease to minimum of 40–45% in all cases in spite of the significant differences in adsorption densities. Zeta potential measurement reveals that a thin oxyethylene layer is formed at silica–water interface masking silica surface (Pramila K. Misra, P. Somasundaran, J. Surf. Deterg., Vol. 7, 2004, 373). This layer with oxyethylene units lying on silica surface and alkyl chain dangling to the bulk solution provides the same extent of hydrophobicity. The decrease in flotation recovery has been attributed to increase in the solvent hydrophobicity due to formation of premicellar aggregates and micelles.     

基于改进包络回溯算法的点注记自动配置

地图注记的合理配置很大程度影响着地图的易读性,而注记配置效率的高低直接影响地图的成图效率。深入分析了当前点注记自动配置的多种算法,对传统包络回溯算法进行了改进,提出了顾及要素重要性分级的改进包络回溯算法来实现点注记自动配置。经实验验证,改进后算法提高了注记自动配置效率,满足合理配置的要求。     

一种改进的SAR图像聚焦算法

针对现有的相位梯度自聚焦(phase gradient autofocus,PGA)算法的加窗方法和特显点选取所存在的问题,提出一种改进的PGA算法。该算法提出一种新的确定相位误差点扩展函数支撑域的方法,此方法计算方位向上能量分布的平均值作为支撑域外的平均能量,以此来确定加窗的宽度。基于这种自适应加窗方法,还提出一种改进的特显点选取方法,该方法能够选择信杂比大的特显点,去掉信杂比小的特显点。试验结果表明,与传统的加窗方法和特显点选取方法相比,该方法能够得到更好的聚焦效果。