基于Landsat8卫星数据的城市相关指数变化分析

基于Landsat8 OLI遥感影像数据,提取了与城市环境密切相关的NDVI、NDBI、NDWI和LST,分析了不同地物类型遥感指数的分布特征和不同时间序列的变化特征;进一步探讨了NDVI、NDBI与LST的相关性,可为研究城市热岛效应提供依据。结果表明,山地的NDVI最大,建筑用地密集区域的NDBI、LST最大,水体的NDWI最大,且建筑用地的NDVI、NDBI随时间变化较稳定。     

基于GF-1与Landsat-8影像的山区苹果园地信息提取

GF-1卫星影像具有空间和时间分辨率高、纹理信息丰富等优势,而Landsat-8卫星影像具有多波段、光谱信息充足等优势。针对两种影像的特点,本文分别用面向对象分类方法进行苹果园地信息提取研究,结果表明:两种影像的分类精度都比较高,但由于研究区域属于山区,地块分布不均匀,GF-1影像发挥其空间分辨率较高的优势,苹果园地面积提取精度比Landsat-8高1.19%。     

基于高分一号与Landsat-8影像的水体浊度反演比较

为分析高分一号WFV传感器16 m遥感影像在水质反演方面的能力,本文选取南四湖为研究区,以高分一号卫星影像与Landsat-8卫星OLI影像为数据源,结合地面同步实测水体浊度数据,建立反演水体浊度的原始光谱反射率模型、归一化反射率模型和波段比值模型,并对各模型进行精度评价,分别比较两个传感器在浊度反演能力方面的差异。结果表明:利用高分一号WFV 16m遥感影像进行水质反演具有较高的精度,且具备更高的空间分辨率和更短的重访周期,可以替代Landsat-8多光谱数据。     

A radiative transfer model-based method for the estimation of grassland aboveground biomass

This paper presents a novel method to derive grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) based on the PROSAILH (PROSPECT + SAILH) radiative transfer model (RTM). Two variables, leaf area index (LAI, m²m⁻², defined as a one-side leaf area per unit of horizontal ground area) and dry matter content (DMC, gcm⁻², defined as the dry matter per leaf area), were retrieved using PROSAILH and reflectance data from Landsat 8 OLI product. The result of LAI × DMC was regarded as the estimated grassland AGB according to their definitions. The well-known ill-posed inversion problem when inverting PROSAILH was alleviated using ecological criteria to constrain the simulation scenario and therefore the number of simulated spectra. A case study of the presented method was applied to a plateau grassland in China to estimate its AGB. The results were compared to those obtained using an exponential regression, a partial least squares regression (PLSR) and an artificial neural networks (ANN). The RTM-based method offered higher accuracy (R² = 0.64 and RMSE = 42.67 gm⁻²) than the exponential regression (R² = 0.48 and RMSE = 41.65 gm⁻²) and the ANN (R² = 0.43 and RMSE = 46.26 gm⁻²). However, the proposed method offered similar performance than PLSR as presented better determination coefficient than PLSR (R² = 0.55) but higher RMSE (RMSE = 37.79 gm⁻²). Although it is still necessary to test these methodologies in other areas, the RTM-based method offers greater robustness and reproducibility to estimate grassland AGB at large scale without the need to collect field measurements and therefore is considered the most promising methodology.     

Upscaling plot-scale soil respiration in winter wheat and summer maize rotation croplands in Julu County,North China

Soil respiration (R_s) data from 45 plots were used to estimate the spatial patterns of R_s during the peak growing seasons of winter wheat and summer maize in Julu County, North China, by combining satellite remote sensing data, field-measured data, and a support vector regression (SVR) model. The observed R_s values were well reproduced by the model at the plot scale, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.31 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.73. No significant difference was detected between the prediction accuracy of the SVR model for winter wheat and summer maize. With forcing from satellite remote sensing data and gridded soil property data, we used the SVR model to predict the spatial distributions of R_s during the peak growing seasons of winter wheat and summer maize rotation croplands in Julu County. The SVR model captured the spatial variations of R_s at the county scale. The satellite-derived enhanced vegetation index was found to be the most important input used to predict R_s. Removal of this variable caused an RMSE increase from 0.31 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ to 0.42 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹. Soil properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC) content and soil bulk density (SBD) were the second most important factors. Their removal led to an RMSE increase from 0.31 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹ to 0.37 μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹. The SVR model performed better than multiple regression in predicting spatial variations of R_s in winter wheat and summer maize rotation croplands, as shown by the comparison of the R² and RMSE values of the two algorithms. The spatial patterns of R_s are better captured using the SVR model than performing multiple regression, particularly for the relatively high and relatively low R_s values at the center and northeast study areas. Therefore, SVR shows promise for predicting spatial variations of R_s values on the basis of remotely sensed data and gridded soil property data at the county scale.     

Himawari-8气象卫星黄海浒苔动态监测

基于Himawari-8气象卫星数据,研究了利用归一化植被指数提取浒苔信息方法,并提出了浒苔强度和移动速度估算方法。对2016年5-7月黄海海域浒苔信息进行监测,获得了浒苔暴发的时间、地点、面积、强度、影响范围、漂移路径及移动速度。结果表明:2016年5月19日Himawari-8气象卫星首次监测到黄海海域出现浒苔信息;6月中下旬进入暴发期,浒苔面积、影响范围及强度达到最大值;7月上旬,伴随着浒苔大面积登陆青岛、烟台、威海等地,浒苔进入缓慢消亡阶段。多时次浒苔强度合成产品显示:2016年浒苔在黄海中部海域、烟台以东海域覆盖强度较大,在初始位置一带覆盖强度较小。浒苔漂移路径整体为从东南外海逐渐开始向西北近海海域靠近,日移动速度不断变化。浒苔的动态变化与水文气象环境密切相关,适宜的温度是浒苔生长和发展的基础,浒苔出现后,盛行风向是浒苔漂移方向的主要驱动力,2016年5-7月强劲的南风使浒苔一直向北漂移,并最终抵达威海,浒苔的移动与风向大致相同。     

温度反演和植被供水指数的农田灌溉面积提取

针对传统的农田灌溉面积提取方法单一且费时费力的问题,提出基于遥感地表温度反演及植被供水指数(VSWI)的方法对石津灌区农作物的灌溉面积进行了提取。在利用Landsat 8影像提取灌溉面积的同时通过高分1号影像提取的小麦种植结构对灌溉区域进行了约束,从而减少了其它地物对灌溉面积提取的影响。结果显示,两种方法计算得到的灌溉区域重叠率达87%,同时将利用遥感方法提取的灌溉结果与实地调查的结果相比较,发现在灌溉时间和面积上具有较好的一致性,因此认为所得结果较为可靠。该方法不仅可以快速、高效的获取到较高精度的灌溉面积数据,同时大大减少了外业工作量,因此可以为农业灌溉区域的调查和监测提供有效的技术支撑。     

Remote estimation of water quality parameters of Himalayan lake (Kashmir) using Landsat 8 OLI imagery

The overarching aim of this study was to derive simple and accurate algorithms for the retrieval of water quality parameters for the Wular Lake using Landsat 8 OLI satellite data. The water quality parameters include pH, COD, DO, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, TDS, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, electric conductivity and phosphate. Regression analysis was performed using atmospherically corrected true reflectance values of original OLI bands, images after applying enhancement techniques (NDVI, principal components) and the values of the water quality parameters at different sample locations to obtain the empirical relationship. Most of the parameters were well correlated with single OLI bands with R² greater than 0.5, whereas phosphate showed a good correlation with NDVI image. The parameters like pH and DO showed a good relation with the principal component I and IV, respectively. The high concentration of pH, COD, turbidity and TSS and low concentration of DO infers the anthropogenic impact on lake.     

Contribution of Landsat 8 data for the estimation of land surface temperature in Batna city,Eastern Algeria

In this study, we presented a mono-window (MW) algorithm for land surface temperature retrieval from Landsat 8 TIRS. MW needs spectral radiance and emissivity of thermal infrared bands as input for deriving LST. The spectral radiance was estimated using band 10, and the surface emissivity value was derived with the help of NDVI and vegetation proportion parameters for which OLI bands 5 and 4 were used. The results in comparison with MODIS (MOD11A1) products indicated that the proposed algorithm is capable of retrieving accurate LST values, with a correlation coefficient of 0.850. The industrial area, public facilities and military area show higher surface temperature (more than 37 °C) in comparison with adjoining areas, while the green spaces in urban areas (34 °C) and forests (29 °C) were the cooler part of the city. These successful results obtained in the study could be used as an efficient method for the environmental impact assessment.     

Two new soil moisture indices based on the NIR-red triangle space of Landsat-8 data

In this study, the NIR-red spectral space of Landsat-8 images, which is manifested by a triangle shape, is deployed for developing two new Soil Moisture (SM) indices. First, ten parameters consisting of six distances and four angles were extracted using the position of a random pixel in this triangle. Then, some correlation assessments were made to derive those parameters that were useful for SM estimation, which were five parameters. To build a soil moisture index, all combinations of these five parameters, which were in total 31 different regression equations, were considered, and the best model was named the Triangle Soil Moisture Index (TSMI). The TSMI consists of three parameters. It showed a RMSE of 0.08 and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.67. Since the TSMI does not consider vegetation interface in SM estimation, the Modified TSMI (MTSMI), which takes into account the fraction of soil cover in each pixel, beside those parameters which were used in the TSMI, was developed (MTSMI: RMSE = 0.07, R = 0.74). The results of the TSMI and MTSMI were compared with each other, and with another soil moisture index (SMMRS introduced by Zhan et al. (2007)). It was concluded that the TSMI and MTSMI provide similar results for bare soil or sparsely vegetated surfaces. However, the MTSMI demonstrated a much better performance in densely vegetated surfaces. The accuracy of both the TSMI and MTSMI were significantly higher than the SMMRS. Moreover, the TSMI and MTSMI were validated by comparison with field measured SM data at five different depths. The results showed that satellite estimated SM by these two indices was more correlated with in situ data at 5 cm soil depth compared to other depths. Also, to show the high applicability of the proposed approach for SM estimation, we selected another set of field SM data collected in Australia. The results proved the effectiveness of the method in different study areas.