Palaeoecology of a late Allerød peat bed at Godøy,western Norway

A peat bed found under solifluction deposits on God8;ya island, western Norway, accumulated during a few decades around 11 000 yr BP, at the end of the Aller8;d period of the Late Weichselian. Palaeoecological investigations showed a local vegetation succession on wet sand culminating in a mire community dominated by Carex nigra. Periodic flooding brought in sand and silt, which decreased as drainage was impeded sufficiently for standing water to develop. The surrounding terrestrial vegetation was dominated by Salix scrub, with some open heath and alpine habitats nearby. Apart from two aquatic species, the 29 insect taxa recorded are characteristic of alpine heaths, plant litter (under Salix scrub) and stream-sides. Their remains, together with the terrestrial plant macrofossils, were washed into the mire from nearby. Because the fossils are locally derived, the environmental reconstructions are of the actual conditions at God8;y at ca. 11 000 yr BP. Palaeotemperature estimates from beetles and plants are in agreement. The coleopteran estimates (Mutual Climatic Range Method) suggest mean July temperatures of 10–13°C, slightly cooler than today (13.5°), and January temperatures between +1 and ?10°C, similar to or much colder than today. Summer temperature estimates from individual plant taxa indicate that temperatures during the Aller8;d period were similar to today's, but estimates from the reconstructed vegetation and timber-line positions give estimates up to 3.5° cooler. Temperatures fell 2.5–7.5°C at the Younger Dryas. This abrupt and severe cooling initiated the solifluction processes on God8;ya that buried the peat. The God8;y peat bed and its contained fossils provide a rare glimpse of Aller8;d biota and environments at the local (site) scale.     

汶川M_S8.0地震对甘肃陇东地区的破坏影响与特征分析

在汶川MS8.0地震后甘肃陇东地区的详细灾害调查基础上,对该区地震破坏进行了分类研究,给出了各种建筑物及工程结构的破坏程度及破坏特征.结合该区独特的地质地理环境对产生地震破坏的原因进行了分析.认为该区地震破坏相对严重的原因除与建筑物本身质量及结构有关外,还与远震和地形影响的长周期效应及持时较长有关.     

Copper Speciation in a Collection of Geochemical Reference Materials Using Sequential Extraction and Evaluation of the Validity Using XANES Spectroscopy

Copper speciation in a collection of Japanese geochemical reference materials (JSO‐1, JLk‐1, JSd‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4, JMs‐1 and JMs‐2) was achieved by sequential extraction and characterised using X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy. In the first step of the extraction, referred to as the acid fraction, between 1% and 20% total Cu within the reference materials was extracted. Such a result is typically accounted for by absorption of Cu onto clay minerals. However, the presence of Cu sulfate (an oxidation product of chalcopyrite) was observed in some of the stream sediments affected by mining activity (JSd‐2 and JSd‐3) instead. Copper was extracted in the reducible fraction (targeting Fe hydroxide and Mn oxide) (2–49% total Cu). Between 2% and 51% Cu was extracted in the oxidised fraction (targeting sulfides and organic matter). X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy clarified that the reducible fraction consisted of Cu bound to Fe hydroxide, whereas the oxidised fraction was a mixture of Cu bound to humic acid (HA) and Cu sulfide. In the oxidisable fraction, chalcopyrite was the predominant species identified in JSd‐2, and Cu bound to HA was the major species identified in JSO‐1 (a soil sample).     

低渗透储层的径向电阻率特征及含油性——以鄂尔多斯盆地洛河油田延长组长61为例

鄂尔多斯盆地中部洛河油田长61低渗透油层由于含油饱和度变化大、油层非均质强,再加淡水钻井液侵入,造成油层电阻率径向分布不均且变化大。通过双感应-八侧向测井与阵列感应测井响应特征对比分析,认为水层的径向电阻率均为增阻侵入,油层、油水同层的径向电阻率普遍具有减阻侵入、低阻环带、高阻环带特征或相关趋势。其中,减阻侵入有助于识别高含油饱和度、高电阻率油层和油水同层,低阻环带和高阻环带有助于识别低电阻率油水同层。另外,部分油水同层的双感应-八侧向测井径向电阻率组合具有“增阻侵入”且深感应电阻率低的特征,推测可能是受双感应-八侧向测井探测范围限制,为低阻环带靠近井眼附近遭受淡水钻井液侵入影响的结果,深感应测井反映的是侵入带电阻率而不是油水同层的电阻率,容易被误解释为水层。因此,对于双感应-八侧向测井中具有“增阻侵入”特征且深感应电阻低值的储层,其流体性质有水层、油水同层这两种可能性,需要结合深探测测井资料或油藏地质特征进一步分析,以提高油层、水层的识别率。     

新疆双亚幔柱模式及其控矿机制

文章简述了新疆地区的地质理论研究成果、矿产地质特征,认为准噶尔、塔里木双亚幔柱是新疆金属矿产呈现"8"字型分布的主要控制因素;双亚幔拉主体形成时期分别为石炭纪和二叠纪。准噶尔亚幔柱斜向天山造山带,塔里木亚幔柱近垂直,前者作用强烈、短暂,后者温和而漫长。准噶尔、塔里木盆地周缘薄弱带与内部构造体制为地幔深源岩浆及后碰撞造山岩浆的上侵提供了通道。天山造山带形成于晚石炭世,它受双亚幔柱挤压隆起作用有限,成矿局部叠加;二叠纪以来,以相对南北向挤压为主,是能源矿产主要形成时期;阿尔金、昆仑等山脉在新近纪快速隆升。基于幔枝构造启示,建议金属矿产地质找矿勘查与石油、煤炭及铀矿地质勘查展开合作,在准噶尔、塔里木两盆地内进行金属矿产综合找矿。     

Landsat 8数据地表温度反演算法对比

随着卫星遥感技术的发展,利用遥感反演地表温度的方法不断出现,如劈窗法、双角度法和单通道算法等。Landsat系列卫星的遥感数据是地表温度反演的重要数据之一。本文选择无锡周边区域为研究区,利用Landsat 8卫星遥感数据,对两种劈窗算法(Juan C.Jiménez-Muoz劈窗算法和Offer Rozenstein劈窗算法)和两种单窗算法(Juan C.Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法和覃志豪单窗算法)的地表温度反演精度进行了对比和敏感性分析。采用太湖16个浮标站的实测数据来验证了4种算法的反演精度。结果表明:两种劈窗算法的精度较高且较为接近,误差为0.7 K左右;覃志豪单窗算法和Juan C.Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法精度较低,误差分别为1.3 K和1.4 K左右。Juan C.Jiménez-Muoz劈窗算法对参数的敏感性最低,Juan C.Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法次之,覃志豪单窗算法和Offer Rozenstein劈窗算法敏感性相对最高。其中Juan C.Jiménez-Muoz单通道算法只适用于一定的水汽含量范围,有一定的局限性。     

南北地震带强震主体活动区现象及未来趋势分析

通过分析我国南北地震带（以下简称南北带）有仪器记录以来发生的大震后,发现存在约10年主体大震活动区,并自北而南有4次转移图像;同时对汶川8级大震前后的震情活动进行分析,认为未来10年南北带北段及以西地区将进入活跃期,很有可能发生多次7级以上地震,但也可能南移;未来几年四川地区可能再次发生大震,甘肃东南部地区有可能发生6级以上地震。     

5－（4－羧基苯偶氮）－8－（对甲苯磺酰氨基）－喹啉与金显色反应研究及应用

以８－氨基喹啉为母体，合成了新试剂５－（４－羧基苯偶氮）－８－（对甲苯磺酰氨基）－喹啉（ＣＰＴＳＱ），研究了它与Ａｕ的显色反应，在ＣＴＭＡＢ存在下，于ｐＨ１０～１３的ＮａＯＨ介质中，ＣＰＴＳＱ与Ａｕ形成２：１紫蓝色络合物，最大吸收峰位于６１０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数１．０×ｌ０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，Ａｕ含量在０～１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ内符合比尔定律。方法选择性好，灵敏度高，操作简便，已用于金矿石样品中Ａｕ的测定，结果满意。     

基于SEBS模型和Landsat 8数据的黑河下游蒸散发时空特性分析

对黑河下游地区蒸散发量的估算及其时空特性的研究,有助于进一步了解流域水循环,合理利用水资源,防止生态环境进一步恶化。利用SEBS模型估算了黑河下游额济纳绿洲2014年15天的日蒸散量,将SEBS估算的日蒸散与不同下垫面5个站点的EC实测值进行对比,其均方根误差和确定性系数分别为1.2 mm、0.85（5个站点）,0.5 mm、0.96（2个站点）,表明SEBS模型的结果是合理的,可以适用于黑河下游额济纳绿洲地区的地表蒸散量的估算。同时分析了黑河下游蒸散发的时空变化规律,结果表明,黑河下游额济纳绿洲地区,蒸散发在时间上存在明显的季节变化规律：夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季;空间上呈现明显的沿河分布的趋势。不同土地覆被类型蒸散发有相似的季节变化特征,但其季节变化幅度并不相同,规律为：水体 > 耕地 > 灌丛地 > 草地 > 裸土地 > 沙地。     

Automatic sub-pixel co-registration of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Sentinel-2A Multi-Spectral Instrument images using phase correlation and machine learning based mapping

ABSTRACT

This study investigates misregistration issues between Landsat-8/ Operational Land Imager and Sentinel-2A/ Multi-Spectral Instrument at 30?m resolution, and between multi-temporal Sentinel-2A images at 10?m resolution using a phase-correlation approach and multiple transformation functions. Co-registration of 45 Landsat-8 to Sentinel-2A pairs and 37 Sentinel-2A to Sentinel-2A pairs were analyzed. Phase correlation proved to be a robust approach that allowed us to identify hundreds and thousands of control points on images acquired more than 100 days apart. Overall, misregistration of up to 1.6 pixels at 30?m resolution between Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A images, and 1.2 pixels and 2.8 pixels at 10?m resolution between multi-temporal Sentinel-2A images from the same and different orbits, respectively, were observed. The non-linear random forest regression used for constructing the mapping function showed best results in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), yielding an average RMSE error of 0.07?±?0.02 pixels at 30?m resolution, and 0.09?±?0.05 and 0.15?±?0.06 pixels at 10?m resolution for the same and adjacent Sentinel-2A orbits, respectively, for multiple tiles and multiple conditions. A simpler 1st order polynomial function (affine transformation) yielded RMSE of 0.08?±?0.02 pixels at 30?m resolution and 0.12?±?0.06 (same Sentinel-2A orbits) and 0.20?±?0.09 (adjacent orbits) pixels at 10?m resolution.