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91.
利用基础测绘数据中房屋数据获取和编辑的方法,探讨1:10 000基础测绘数据中的建筑物在城市地理信息服务和建模中的应用以及目前基础测绘数据与城市建模数据间的差距. 相似文献
92.
93.
Soichi Osozawa Gonchig Tsolmon Uondon Majigsuren Jargalan Sereenen Shigeaki Niitsuma Naoyoshi Iwata Terry Pavlis Bor-ming Jahn 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2008,33(5-6):337-352
Most of previous models suggest that the Central Asia Orogenic Belt grew southward in the Phanerozoic. However, in the Bayanhongor region in west-central Mongolia, volcanic arc, accretionary prism, ophiolite, and passive margin complexes accreted northeastward away from the Baydrag micro-continent, and hence the region constitutes the southwestern part of a crustal-scale syntaxis close to the west. The syntaxis should be original, because presumably reorientation due to strike-slip faulting can be ignored. It is reconfirmed that the Baydrag eventually collided with another micro-continent (the Hangai) to the northeast. A thick sedimentary basin developed along the southern passive margin of the Hangai micro-continent. This region is also characterized by an exhumed metamorphosed accretionary complex and a passive margin complex, which are both bounded by detachment faults as well as basal reverse faults which formed simultaneously as extrusion wedges. This part of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt lacks exhumed crystalline rocks as observed in the Himalayas and other major collisional orogenic belts. In addition, we identified two phases of deformation, which occurred at each phase of zonal accretion as D1 through Cambrian and Devonian, and a synchronous phase of final micro-continental collision of Devonian as D2. The pre-collisional ocean was wide enough to be characterized by a mid-ocean ridge and ocean islands. Two different structural trends of D1 and D2 are observed in accretionary complexes formed to the southwest of the late Cambrian mid-ocean ridge. That is, the relative plate motions on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge were different. Accretionary complexes and passive margin sediments to the northeast of the mid-ocean ridge also experienced two periods of deformation but show the same structural trend. Unmetamorphosed cover sediments on the accretionary prism and on the Hangai micro-continent experienced only the D2 event due to micro-continental collision. These unmetamorphosed sediments form the hanging walls of the detachment faults. Moreover, they were at least partly derived from an active volcanic arc formed at the margin of the Baydrag micro-continent. 相似文献
94.
The Glueckstadt Graben of the North-German Basin: new insights into the structure from 3D and 2D gravity analyses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tamara Yegorova Yuriy Maystrenko Ulf Bayer Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(5):915-930
The structure of the Glueckstadt Graben has been investigated by use of 3D gravity backstripping technique and by 2D gravity
and magnetic modelling. Subtracting the gravity effects of the Meso-Cenozoic sediments together with Permian salt reveals
a positive residual anomaly within the Glueckstadt Graben. This anomaly includes two local maxima over the Westholstein and
Eastholstein Troughs. The 2D gravity models point to the presence of a high-density body within the lower crust of the Glueckstadt
Graben. In addition, the results of 2D magnetic modelling indicate that the central part of the high-density body is overlain
by an area with high susceptibility. Most probable, the formation of this high-density body is a result of complex poly-phase
tectonic history of the study area. Finally, the results of gravity modelling indicate that Permian salt is not homogeneous.
3D gravity analysis and, especially, 2D gravity modelling have distinguished the differences in degree of salt saturation
in salt-rich bodies, and elucidate the proportion of Rotliegend salt. 相似文献
95.
Mechanism for the rapid motion of the Qianjiangping landslide during reactivation by the first impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam reservoir, China 总被引:10,自引:6,他引:4
Fawu Wang Yeming Zhang Zhitao Huo Xuanming Peng Shimei Wang Shintaro Yamasaki 《Landslides》2008,5(4):379-386
The first impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam reservoir in China started from a water surface elevation of 95 m on June 1,
2003 and reached 135 m on June 15, 2003. Shortly after the water level reached 135 m, many slopes began to deform and some
landslides occurred. The Qianjiangping landslide is the largest one; it occurred on the early morning of July 14, 2003 and
caused great loss of lives and property. Field investigation revealed that, although failure occurred after the reservoir
reached 135 m, the stability of the slope was already reduced by preexisting sheared bedding planes. To study the mechanism
of the rapid motion of this reactivated landslide, two soil samples were taken from a yellow clay layer and a black silt layer
in the sliding zone, respectively, and a series of ring shear tests were conducted on the samples. One series of ring shear
tests simulates the creep deformation behavior, while the other series simulates different shear rates. Conclusions drawn
from analysis of the ring shear tests indicate that the mechanism of the rapid motion of the reactivated landslide was caused
by the rate effect of the black silt layer during the motion phase after the creep failure. The yellow clay layer did not
play any important role in the rapid motion in the 2003 event. 相似文献
96.
In this contribution, we present a virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical
simulations with the aim to highlight the power of 3D representations in the understanding of this geological phenomenon.
In particular, samples of mixed juveniles from Salina island (Southern Italy) are reconstructed in 3D by serial lapping and
digital montage and numerical simulations are performed by using a 3D chaotic dynamical system. Natural and simulated magma
mixing structures are visualized by using several multimedia tools including animations and “virtual reality” models. It is
shown that magma interaction processes can generate large spatial and temporal compositional heterogeneities in magmatic systems.
The same topological structures are observed in both 3D reconstructed rock samples and chaotic numerical simulations, indicating
that the mixing of magmas is governed by chaotic dynamics. The use of 3D multimedia models gives the opportunity to penetrate
into magma mixing structures and to understand their significance in the context of magma dynamics. Such an approach is very
powerful since multimedia tools can strongly capture the attention of the reader bringing him/her into an interactive and
memorable geological experience.
Electronic supplementary material enclosed: 相似文献
97.
Comparison of numerical models of two debris flows in the Cortina d’ Ampezzo area,Dolomites, Italy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The accurate prediction of runout distances, velocities and the knowledge of flow rheology can reduce the casualties and property
damage produced by debris flows, providing a means to delineate hazard areas, to estimate hazard intensities for input into
risk studies and to provide parameters for the design of protective measures. The application of most of models that describe
the propagation and deposition of debris flow requires detailed topography, rheological and hydrological data that are not
always available for the debris-flow hazard delineation and estimation. In the Cortina d’Ampezzo area, Eastern Dolomites,
Italy, most of the slope instabilities are represented by debris flows; 325 debris-flow prone watersheds have been mapped
in the geomorphological hazard map of this area. We compared the results of simulations of two well-documented debris flows
in the Cortina d’Ampezzo area, carried on with two different single-phase, non-Newtonian models, the one-dimensional DAN-W
and the two-dimensional FLO-2D, to test the possibility to simulate the dynamic behaviour of a debris flow with a model using
a limited range of input parameters. FLO-2D model creates a more accurate representation of the hazard area in terms of flooded
area, but the results in terms of runout distances and deposits thickness are similar to DAN-W results. Using DAN-W, the most
appropriate rheology to describe the debris-flow behaviour is the Voellmy model. When detailed topographical, rheological
and hydrological data are not available, DAN-W, which requires less detailed data, is a valuable tool to predict debris-flow
hazard. Parameters obtained through back-analysis with both models can be applied to predict hazard in other areas characterized
by similar geology, morphology and climate. 相似文献
98.
中国数字地质调查系统的基本构架
及其核心技术的实现 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
数字地质调查系统是贯穿整个地质矿产资源调查全过程的软件,涵盖地质矿产调查、矿产资源勘查、矿体模拟、品住估计、资源量估算、矿山开采系统优化等内容。考虑数字地质调查系统的应用技术层面,从数据“层”模型、数据流“池”技术、不同阶段数据模型继承技术、数据互操作技术等几个方面讨论了核心技术及其实现,通过基于无缝一体化技术的数据采集、管理、综合处理与成果表达,在实体或矿块的矿床建模技术与品住估计、储量估算等方面展现了全地质调查过程的数字化,不但为地质人员应用高新技术降低了门坎,而且极大地提高了研究精度和效率,丰富了成果的表现形式和服务形式。随着数字地质调查系统的完善和应用水平的提高,数字地质调查系统将成为中国地质调查的主流软件体系。 相似文献
99.
姬塬油田长4+5砂岩储层孔隙类型与成岩作用 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
通过常规物性、岩石及铸体薄片、重矿物、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等多项测试方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长4 5含油砂体的岩石学特征、成岩作用、储集类型进行了分析和研究。长4 5储层孔隙主要以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主,粒间溶孔次之,孔隙组合一般以粒间孔和溶孔-粒间孔为主。本区破坏性成岩作用包括机械压实作用、石英及长石的次生加大、碳酸盐胶结作用等,其中压实作用是造成本区砂岩原生孔隙大量丧失的主要原因。建设性成岩作用为溶蚀作用、绿泥石粘土膜形成作用,但溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙对储层物性的改善不足。 相似文献
100.
葛店煤矿双庙扩大区位于豫、皖两省交界处。勘探区为一轴向北北东向的不对称向斜构造,地层倾角26°~30°,测区深部有岩浆岩侵入体,严重影响煤层赋存形态;地表条件复杂,村庄密集、河流较多,测区东侧塌陷区水塘大面积分布.三维地震勘探野外施工难度大。本区地震勘探观测系统设计为12线18炮制,为避免偏移归位及叠加次数降低等问题,在向斜轴部两侧、村子周边及河岸处适当加密炮点,并在塌陷区利用钢钎插置检波器以保证CDP点完整性。数据处理采取了叠前反褶积、叠前时间偏移等技术,数据处理效果显著。遵循多波组对比、多个数据体综合解释的原则,以纵向、横向和任意时间剖面相结合,充分利用三维可视化技术进行地震资料解释。本次勘探成果查明了主采煤层三2^2、二2煤层的构造形态及埋藏深度;解释落差5m以上断层34条,其中修改原有断层5条;另外新发现小于5m的异常断点22个。经巷道验证煤层底板标高误差0.43%~1.96%,巷道已揭露断层7条,与解释成果基本一致。 相似文献