Heat capacity and phase equilibria of wadeite-type K2Si4O9

The low-temperature heat capacity (C _p) of Si-wadeite (K₂Si₄O₉) synthesized with a piston cylinder device was measured over the range of 5–303 K using the heat capacity option of a physical properties measurement system. The entropy of Si-wadeite at standard temperature and pressure calculated from the measured heat capacity data is 253.8 ± 0.6 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, which is considerably larger than some of the previous estimated values. The calculated phase transition boundaries in the system K₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ are generally consistent with previous experimental results. Together with our calculated phase boundaries, seven multi-anvil experiments at 1,400 K and 6.0–7.7 GPa suggest that no equilibrium stability field of kalsilite + coesite intervenes between the stability field of sanidine and that of coesite + kyanite + Si-wadeite, in contrast to previous predictions. First-order approximations were undertaken to calculate the phase diagram in the system K₂Si₄O₉ at lower pressure and temperature. Large discrepancies were shown between the calculated diagram compared with previously published versions, suggesting that further experimental or/and calorimetric work is needed to better constrain the low-pressure phase relations of the K₂Si₄O₉ polymorphs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

姬塬油田长4＋5砂岩储层孔隙类型与成岩作用

通过常规物性、岩石及铸体薄片、重矿物、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等多项测试方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长4 5含油砂体的岩石学特征、成岩作用、储集类型进行了分析和研究。长4 5储层孔隙主要以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主,粒间溶孔次之,孔隙组合一般以粒间孔和溶孔-粒间孔为主。本区破坏性成岩作用包括机械压实作用、石英及长石的次生加大、碳酸盐胶结作用等,其中压实作用是造成本区砂岩原生孔隙大量丧失的主要原因。建设性成岩作用为溶蚀作用、绿泥石粘土膜形成作用,但溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙对储层物性的改善不足。     

Copper Isotopic Analysis in Geological and Biological Reference Materials by MC‐ICP‐MS

The characterisation of relative copper isotope amount ratios (δ⁶⁵Cu) helps constrain a variety of geochemical processes occurring in the geosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. The accurate and precise determination of δ⁶⁵Cu in matrix reference materials is crucial in the effort to validate measurement methods. With the goal of expanding the number and variety of available geological and biological materials, we have characterised the δ⁶⁵Cu values of ten reference materials by MC‐ICP‐MS using C‐SSBIN model for mass bias correction. SGR‐1b (Green River shale), DOLT‐5 (dogfish liver), DORM‐4 (fish protein), TORT‐3 (lobster hepatopancreas), MESS‐4 (marine sediment) and PACS‐3 (marine sediment) have for the first time been characterised for δ⁶⁵Cu. Additionally, four reference materials (with published δ⁶⁵Cu values) have been characterised: BHVO‐1 (Hawaiian basalt), BIR‐1 (Icelandic basalt), W‐2a (diabase) and Seronorm? Trace Elements Serum L‐1 (human serum). The reference materials measured in this study possess complex and varied matrices with copper mass fractions ranging from 1.2 µg g^?1 to 497 µg g^?1 and δ⁶⁵Cu values ranging from ?0.20‰ to 0.52‰ with a mean expanded uncertainty of ± 0.07‰ (U, k = 2), covering much of the natural copper isotope variability observed in the environment.     

The δ60/58Ni Values of Twenty‐Six Selected Geological Reference Materials

The high‐precision δ^60/58Ni values of twenty‐six geological reference materials, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, stream sediments, soils and plants are reported. The δ^60/58Ni values of all samples were determined by double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS (Nu Plasma III). Isotope standard solution (NIST SRM 986) and geological reference materials (BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, JP‐1, PCC‐1, etc.) were used to evaluate the measurement bias and intermediate precision over a period of six months. Our results show that the intermediate precision of Ni isotope determination was 0.05‰ (2s, n = 69) for spiked NIST SRM 986 and typically 0.06‰ for actual samples, and the δ^60/58Ni _{NIST SRM 986} values were in excellent agreement with previous studies. Eighteen high‐precision Ni isotope ratios of geological reference materials are first reported here, and their δ^60/58Ni values varied from ?0.27‰ to 0.52‰, with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.34‰ (2s, n = 18). Additionally, SGR‐1b (0.56 ± 0.04‰, 2s), GSS‐1 (?0.27 ± 0.06‰, 2s), GSS‐7 (?0.11 ± 0.01‰, 2s), GSD‐10 (0.46 ± 0.06‰, 2s) and GSB‐12 (0.52 ± 0.06‰, 2s) could potentially serve as candidate reference materials for Ni isotope fractionation and comparison of Ni isotopic compositions among different laboratories.     

综合物化探方法在地质找矿“攻深找盲”中的应用

物化探找矿方法面临着新形势下复杂地质条件中找矿的新挑战,单一物化探分析方法很难具有说服力,综合各种地质信息和勘探方法显得尤为重要。笔者结合河南省某矿床的找矿实践,介绍了高精度磁测、X荧光土壤分析和EH4测深等物化探综合分析方法,在工作区内发现了与成矿有关的物化探异常,经查证与地表地质现象吻合较好,说明该综合物化探评价技术方法在该矿床的应用是成功的,显示了其快速、高效和精准的特点。     

西藏荣玛地区上三叠统日干配错组沉积环境及其构造意义

西藏荣玛地区上三叠统日干配错组发育厚度较大的碳酸盐岩夹少量碎屑岩沉积,在野外剖面实测的基础上,对这套碳酸盐岩进行了岩相与微相分析。通过对碳酸盐岩样品显微薄片观察分析,共识别出13个微相。根据岩石特征及其组合类型划分出6个沉积相:陆源碎屑滨岸相、局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘浅滩相、台地边缘礁相和斜坡相。分析结果表明,晚三叠世荣玛地区主要为陆源碎屑滨岸-浅海碳酸盐台地环境,夹有较深水的斜坡相沉积,共发生了4次海侵-海退旋回,并间隔有若干次小规模的海平面升降变化。区域上,班公湖—怒江洋北缘晚三叠世的沉积环境大体一致,且广泛发育晚二叠世—晚三叠世之间的区域不整合,故认为班公湖—怒江洋的开启时间为晚三叠世之前,且东西段呈准同时开启模式打开。     

Intact Polar and Core Tetraether Lipids in Sediments from the Haiyang 4 Cold-seep of the Northern South China Sea and their Implications

A number of cold seeps have been discovered in the northern South China Sea (SCS) including the Haiyang 4 cold-seep area where Core 973-5 was collected. Intact polar lipids (IPLs) and core lipids (CLs) were analyzed separately in sediments from Core 973-5. The most abundant lipid biomarkers were isoprenoidal GDGTs (isoGDGTs), with Crenarchaeol and GDGT-0 predominating. IPL-isoGDGTs and CL-isoGDGTs were mainly derived from Thaumarchaeota. IPL-isoGDGTs were mainly produced and retained in situ thus containing most of the in situ microbiological information. Branched GDGTs were predominantly derived from generated in marine production, and mixed with some terrestrial inputs. All IPLs groups presented a high value in the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ). Furthermore, IPL and CL-MI, IPL-R0/4 showed the highest values within the SMTZ, while IPL and CL-R4/i had the lowest values at the SMTZ, suggesting that the contribution of Methanophila and methanogenic to GDGTs increased, while the contribution of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea to GDGTs decreased at the SMTZ.     

辽河西部凹陷曙北地区沙四段薄砂层成因类型及分布规律

为了明确辽河西部凹陷曙北地区沙河街组四段薄砂层成因类型及分布规律,从岩心、测井响应和地震反射特征等方面总结了各类成因薄砂层的识别标志,并预测了各砂层组的砂体展布,探讨了砂体发育的控制因素,总结了沉积模式.研究结果表明,曙北地区沙四段为扇三角洲-湖泊的沉积体系,薄砂层发育水下分流河道、河口坝、低隆滩坝、沿岸浅滩4种成因类型,其中以水下分流河道和低隆滩坝为主.古地貌、古物源和古水深控制了各类砂体的展布.以曙光和兴隆台古潜山一线为界,南部为扇三角洲体系沉积区,主要发育前缘水下分流河道和河口坝;北部（包括低隆区）为无明显水流注入的半封闭湖湾区,主要发育低隆滩坝砂体和灰/云坪,在西侧沿岸局部地区还发育沿岸浅滩.储量区外大面积发育的低隆滩坝砂体,是下一步碎屑岩增储上产的潜在接替区域.     

EH4电磁系统在云南红河地区地下水勘查中的应用

本文介绍了EH4电磁成像系统的基本原理、技术特点和适用范围,结合该系统在云南红河地区不同类型地下水勘查中的应用实例,证明该系统能够查清厚覆盖层下的地质构造、地下河形态及含水岩溶带。利用该系统确定的井位已成功地打出地下水,有效地解决了当地的供水问题。     

中国高精度土地覆盖数据在RegCM4/CLM模式中的引入及其对区域气候模拟影响的分析

基于中国1:100万植被图和1:600万植被区划图, 按照通用陆面模式CLM植被功能型分类标准, 制作了可用于CLM及RegCM4区域气候模式的25 km×25 km分辨率的中国高精度土地覆盖数据(简称VEG数据). 相比CLM默认使用的土地覆盖数据(简称ORG数据), VEG数据不仅能提供更多的土地覆盖局地特征, 还纠正了ORG数据中裸地和农作物的比例偏高、 灌木的比例偏低等误差. 对比使用两套土地覆盖数据的RegCM4多年连续积分结果, 分析了不同土地覆盖分布对气温、 降水等的影响, 并从地表能量收支的角度给出影响机理解释. 结果显示: VEG数据的使用, 使得模式对冬季气温和降水的模拟能力有一定提高, 模式在南部区域偏干偏冷的系统误差有所减弱; 采用VEG数据后, 由于粗糙度、 反照率等下垫面参数的改变及云量的变化, 使得地表能量收支发生显著调整. 青藏高原地区的气温变化与湍流通量和长波辐射的变化有密切的联系, 主要源自粗糙度引起的湍流通量增加、 以及云量引起的向下净长波辐射增加. 而在中国中部和南部, 短波辐射变化更为明显, 它与地表反照率的变化相一致. 基于所制作的土地覆盖数据, 可广泛应用于CLM模式在中国区域的应用之中.