A virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical simulations: a new approach for understanding spatial and temporal complexity of magma dynamics

In this contribution, we present a virtual voyage through 3D structures generated by chaotic mixing of magmas and numerical simulations with the aim to highlight the power of 3D representations in the understanding of this geological phenomenon. In particular, samples of mixed juveniles from Salina island (Southern Italy) are reconstructed in 3D by serial lapping and digital montage and numerical simulations are performed by using a 3D chaotic dynamical system. Natural and simulated magma mixing structures are visualized by using several multimedia tools including animations and “virtual reality” models. It is shown that magma interaction processes can generate large spatial and temporal compositional heterogeneities in magmatic systems. The same topological structures are observed in both 3D reconstructed rock samples and chaotic numerical simulations, indicating that the mixing of magmas is governed by chaotic dynamics. The use of 3D multimedia models gives the opportunity to penetrate into magma mixing structures and to understand their significance in the context of magma dynamics. Such an approach is very powerful since multimedia tools can strongly capture the attention of the reader bringing him/her into an interactive and memorable geological experience. Electronic supplementary material  enclosed:     

New perspectives on Mars’ crustal magnetic field

The planet Mars lacks, today, a planetary, dynamic magnetic field, but strong, intense, localized magnetic fields of lithospheric origin, one to two orders of magnitude larger than the terrestrial lithospheric field, are present. This lithospheric magnetic field is the result of magnetization processes in the presence of a magnetic dynamo and of demagnetization processes after the dynamo shutdown, such as impact or volcanoes. This crude scenario can be more accurately specified by interpreting global and local models of the current magnetic field of Mars. Some specific areas are studied, including the intensely magnetized Terra Sirenum, as well as the magnetic anomaly associated with Apollinaris Patera. Magnetic minerals could be of primary and/or secondary origin; this latter would imply an early hydration of a basaltic crust. A scenario, in which Mars experienced a major polar wander due to the Tharsis bulge, prior to the cessation of its dynamo, is proposed and discussed.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上三叠统延长组长8、长6油层组 的沉积体系与物源方向

野外露头剖面的岩石学与岩相组合,沉积特征与相标志,古流向测定,室内砂岩的骨架矿物、重矿物组合及其平面分布规律的研究结果表明：鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上三叠统延长组长8油层组是以线状或点状物源为特征的一套近源快速堆积的冲积扇与扇三角洲沉积体系,形成于盆地由快速拗陷转入逆冲负荷沉降期间。长8沉积期盆地西南部的古水流与物源主要来自盆地西南方向,其次为西北和东南方向。长6油层组沉积期,盆地内部底床下沉作用减缓,湖盆开始收缩,湖盆西岸除北部有少量扇三角洲沉积外,主要为辫状河三角洲沉积：而盆地东北部与东部的沉积作用大大加强,致使在盆地东部形成一系列大型曲流河三角洲沉积体系,至盆地西南部相变为半深湖-深湖相与浊流相沉积。长6沉积期古水流除来自西南、西北和东南方向外．还有来自北东和正东方向的次要物源,它们在盆地西南部悦乐-玄马-板桥-固城-合水-带汇合,使该地带成为混合物源区。     

中国数字地质调查系统的基本构架 及其核心技术的实现

数字地质调查系统是贯穿整个地质矿产资源调查全过程的软件,涵盖地质矿产调查、矿产资源勘查、矿体模拟、品住估计、资源量估算、矿山开采系统优化等内容。考虑数字地质调查系统的应用技术层面,从数据“层”模型、数据流“池”技术、不同阶段数据模型继承技术、数据互操作技术等几个方面讨论了核心技术及其实现,通过基于无缝一体化技术的数据采集、管理、综合处理与成果表达,在实体或矿块的矿床建模技术与品住估计、储量估算等方面展现了全地质调查过程的数字化,不但为地质人员应用高新技术降低了门坎,而且极大地提高了研究精度和效率,丰富了成果的表现形式和服务形式。随着数字地质调查系统的完善和应用水平的提高,数字地质调查系统将成为中国地质调查的主流软件体系。     

山西保德—静乐地区新近纪地层时代讨论

通过对山西保德-静乐地区新近纪地层的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于该区的新近纪地层进行了详细的研究和划分,获得了新的ESR和古地磁测年数据,并结合生物地层序列确定了该区新近系地层的顺序为：新近系上新统静乐组（N2j）、新近系中新统上部保德组（N1^26）和中新统下部芦子沟组（N1^1l）。     

顾及DEM误差自相关的坡度计算模型精度分析

基于DEM的坡度计算,其误差来源于DEM误差、DEM结构和坡度计算模型。在顾及DEM误差自相关的前提下,对四种DEM坡度计算模型进行了分析和评价。研究表明,三阶不带权差分能给出较高的坡度计算精度;在局部窗口中,格网点数量越多,坡度计算越准确;等权比不等权的坡度计算模型更准确;DEM误差自相关结构形式对坡度计算无影响。进一步的理论分析和试验分析还表明：DEM误差自相关性的存在,不仅能够改善地形分析的精度,也能改善DEM自身精度。     

姬塬油田长4＋5砂岩储层孔隙类型与成岩作用

通过常规物性、岩石及铸体薄片、重矿物、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等多项测试方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田长4 5含油砂体的岩石学特征、成岩作用、储集类型进行了分析和研究。长4 5储层孔隙主要以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主,粒间溶孔次之,孔隙组合一般以粒间孔和溶孔-粒间孔为主。本区破坏性成岩作用包括机械压实作用、石英及长石的次生加大、碳酸盐胶结作用等,其中压实作用是造成本区砂岩原生孔隙大量丧失的主要原因。建设性成岩作用为溶蚀作用、绿泥石粘土膜形成作用,但溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙对储层物性的改善不足。     

吉林省中部农业土壤中滴滴涕的残留特征

通过分析研究吉林省中部农业土壤中DDT的含量和组成,探讨了该区土壤中DDT的残留特征及其可能的生态风险。研究结果表明,吉林省中部农业土壤中普遍残留DDT,质量分数为0.384~54.159μg/kg,残留水平较低,土壤DDT同系物中以p,p’-DDT和p,p-’DDE为主。DDT的组成表明,土壤中DDT主要是过去输入环境的DDT及其降解产物,但近期仍有少量的DDT输入。生态风险评估则显示该区土壤中的DDT具有一定的生态风险,应予以重视。     

Sedimentary characteristics of terrigenous debris at site MD05-2905 in the northeastern part of the South China Sea since 36 ka and evolution of the East Asian monsoon

Sediments with high sedimentation rate at site MD05-2905 in the Northeastern slope of the South China Sea provide unique materials for a high-resolution study on the paleoenvironment. Based on precise dating of AMS ¹⁴C, grain size analysis of terrigenous debris at core MD05-2905 was conducted after organic matter, biological carbonate and biogenic opal were removed. The results show that 15.5–63.5 μm coarse grain size ingredients may indicate East Asian winter monsoon changes and that 2–9 μm fine grain size ingredients may be used as a proxy of evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The results of grain size analysis, which suggest East Asian monsoon intensity, reveal that a winter monsoon dominated the glacial regime and a summer monsoon dominated the Holocene regime. It was also shown that the summer monsoon increased gradually, experienced several abrupt changes and reached a culmination in the early Holocene (11200–8500 a B.P.) since 36 ka. Controlled by precession periodicity, it may be related with the amount of solar radiation at the highest stage, which needs further study. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1012–1018 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

测井仪器的故障分析与排除思路

TYSC-3Q与PSJ-2型数字测井仪是目前煤田测井中常用的二种测井仪器,在使用过程中难免发生诸如测井控制故障、声速探管故障、密度三侧向探管故障、井温、井液电阻率探管故障、电法面板故障、数字测井面板故障、电测井故障等常见故障类型。通过对各类故障因素进行剖析,指出了故障易发生的部位,并详细的介绍了检查的方法及故障的排除步骤。