基于航线的数码航摄影像可视化查询

针对数码航空摄影测量的特点,利用Java语言的Java3D开发工具包生成模拟的可视化航飞路线模型．利用Java3D的事件监听处理功能实现对航线模型的缩放、平移。单击航线模型上的曝光点可以实现对相应数字航摄影像的浏览,可以任意浏览整个测区的每一张影像．模型为整个数码航摄影像的处理过程提供便捷、高效的影像查询和浏览。     

Stable carbon isotope variations in northwest Europe during the last glacial–interglacial transition

Stable carbon isotope data that span part of the last glacial–interglacial transition (ca. 14-9 ka ¹⁴C BP; ca. 15–11 ka cal. BP), and which derive from organ-specific plant macrofossils recovered from two lake sediment profiles in the UK and one in Norway, are compared. The recorded temporal variations show similar trends, which, over a millennial time-scale appear to parallel the main drift in δ¹⁸O as determined for the GRIP ice-core. It is postulated that some smaller scale variations in the δ¹³C profiles may reflect the shorter term oscillations in δ¹⁸O values evident in the GRIP record, although this is less certain. Overall, however, the results suggest that stable carbon isotope measurements based on organ-specific terrestrial plant macrofossils may provide (i) a means for establishing correlations between terrestrial successions and (ii) additional paleoenvironmental information, as the apparent ‘shadowing’ of the GRIP record indicates a common forcing mechanism for both Greenland δ¹⁸O and northwest European δ¹³C variations. From the evidence available we suggest that the recorded δ¹³C variations reflect fluctuations in air temperature and/or changes in water vapour pressure in the atmosphere. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Intraplate deformation and 3D rheological structure of the Rhine Rift System and adjacent areas of the northern Alpine foreland

The lithosphere of the Northern Alpine foreland has undergone a polyphase evolution during which interacting stress-induced intraplate deformation and upper mantle thermal perturbations controlled folding of the thermally weakened lithosphere. In this paper we address relationships among deeper lithospheric processes, neotectonics and surface processes in the Northern Alpine foreland with special emphasis on tectonically induced topography. We focus on lithosphere memory and neotectonics, paying special attention to the thermo-mechanical structure of the Rhine Graben System and adjacent areas of the northern Alpine foreland lithosphere. We discuss implications for mechanisms of large-scale intraplate deformation and links with surface processes and topography evolution.     

真三轴试验中的端部摩擦效应分析

端部摩擦效应是三轴试验的常见问题之一。相对于常规三轴试验,由于在茂木式真三轴试验中方形试样4个端部需设置两对端部垫块,从而导致端部摩擦问题更加突出。运用FLAC3D,针对Mohr-Coulomb材料,即无中间主应力影响材料,模拟真三轴加载过程中端部摩擦对试样强度和变形行为的影响。计算结果表明,端部摩擦也可以产生虚假中间主应力效应,即使对于无中间主应力效应材料,中间主应力也会导致最大破坏主应力的增加,且摩擦系数越大,这种趋势则越明显。分析了端部摩擦产生这种趋势的原因,指出了真三轴试验中减小端部摩擦的重要性。     

三维可视化技术在锡铁山矿区信息化建设中的应用研究

运用Vulcan三维可视化软件,对锡铁山铅-锌矿区3062m中段以下05-75线之间的主要矿体进行三维可视化研究,全方位、真实地表达近年来的地质勘探成果,并通过储量计算与找矿预测,为下一步地质勘探工作提供科学依据,为矿区信息化建设提供基础资料。     

宽频宽方位处理技术在淮北矿区全数字高密度地震勘探中的应用

与常规三维地震勘探相比,全数字高密度地震勘探采用高横纵比、宽方位观测系统,使用单点数字检波器接收。宽方位地震勘探有利于高陡构造和复杂断块成像,但存在各向异性问题,而单点数字检波器地震信号频带宽、保幅性好、噪声强。为了充分发挥全数字高密度地震资料优势,克服其缺点,必须将宽频、宽方位处理技术运用到煤炭高密度三维地震数据处理中,以提升数据处理效果。以淮北矿区全数字高密度地震资料为基础,针对淮北矿区地质构造复杂特点,以叠前保幅去噪、振幅补偿、OVT处理技术以及全方位角偏移成像技术为重点,开展了煤炭全数字高密度地震资料的宽频、宽方位处理技术研究。结果表明：保幅去噪在几乎不损伤有效信号的前提下实现了对噪声的有效压制,振幅补偿恢复了地震信号高低频能量的损失,宽方位处理不仅消除了各向异性影响,改善了成像效果,还获得了丰富的叠前数据。宽频宽方位处理技术是全数字高密度地震资料处理的必要手段,其处理成果比常规处理成果频带更宽,对复杂构造成像更好,分辨率更高,能够实现煤田复杂地质条件地震资料精细成像。     

Evolution of 3D tectonic stress field and fault movement in North China

IntroductionThe research on stress field interior the Earth is an either relative old or young branch of geoscience. Early in the 20th century, in order to learn the state of inner stress field, a few scholars had used simple ideal model to analyze big scale tectonic conformations and activities according to tide, gravity, rotation and inner thermal materials. So far, lots of problems on the state of the Earth stress field have not been solved completely yet. The origin of stress field, the d…     

Regional and temporal changes in bivalve diversity off the south coast of Portugal

From 2000 to 2006, a total of 75 bivalve species were identified, varying from 29 (spring 2001) to 54 species (spring 2005) per year. Seasonal tendencies in diversity varied according the year, thus the interpretation of long-term and regional scales is essential before drawing any conclusions in other studies. Richness and diversity consistently decreased with depth and increased with sediment grain size (from low in very coarse sand to high in coarse silt). Diversity decreased progressively from 3 to 16 m depth, thus the harsher shallower environments (due to waves and tidal air exposure) showed greater diversity than the most stable areas. Communities in finer sediments were more diverse than those in coarser sand. Evenness showed patterns opposite to diversity, overall.Diversity and evenness maps (produced with multivariate universal kriging), showed that most geographic areas with greater diversity were farer from river outflows and wastewater treatment plants. Two types of geographic pattern were observed: areas with persistently greater bivalve diversity through time and areas that changed locally from year to year. This spatial analysis can be used to establish priority conservation areas for management purposes, and to analyse the persistency of regional diversity patterns. The area with most habitat heterogeneity (Sotavento) corresponded to greatest diversity.There was a positive relationship between Spisula solida and Chamelea gallina landings and bivalve diversity 2 years and 1 year later, respectively. Possibly, local fisheries, by selectively withdrawing the commercial numerically dominant species from the ecosystem, increased diversity 1 to 2 years later, as the ecological niches of the dominants are quickly filled by several other species thereby creating a more even community. On regional scales, no significant impact was found on long-term bivalve diversity in local fisheries,