青藏高原安多高压麻粒岩同位素年代学研究

本文报道了聂荣微陆块中新发现的高压麻粒岩锆石U-Pb定年结果及其围岩花岗片麻岩中黑云母Ar-Ar同位素年代学结果.高压麻粒岩中的锆石可分为两类,第一类具有核-边显微结构,核部残留锆石具典型岩浆结晶锆石特征,锆石U-Pb年龄541±8Ma～ 834±11Ma;第二类锆石具典型的变质锆石成因的结构特征,锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为179.0±1.7Ma.花岗片麻岩中黑云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为166.7±1.1Ma.年代学资料显示麻粒岩与其围岩均具有泛非期的年龄信息,麻粒岩的原岩经历了晚元古代-早古生代造山作用,并于早-中侏罗世发生了峰期高压变质作用改造,该变质事件可能代表着聂荣微陆块与羌南板块的碰撞拼合.伴随着早-中侏罗世的岩浆作用,麻粒岩及其围岩迅速抬升,抬升的时间跨度在13Myr左右,于166.7Ma左右抬升至地壳浅层部位或近地表.     

滇西茅草坪脉状铜矿床脉体构造与成矿时代研究

西南三江造山带兰坪盆地西缘发育一条重要的脉状铜矿带,通常认为其成矿与盆地演化有关,而忽略了同处于盆地西缘的崇山剪切带和成矿的关系。茅草坪是近来在该带南段新发现的一例脉状铜矿床,本文通过详细野外工作厘定矿床地质特征,重点开展露头及镜下尺度的含矿脉体构造观察,在此基础上,分选成矿期热液白云母开展40 Ar/39 Ar定年,进而探讨成矿与剪切变形的关系。研究表明,矿床热液矿物以3种形式出现:热液蚀变晕、平行剪切面理的热液脉(A1脉)、横切剪切面理的热液脉(A2脉)。以上不同脉体中的矿物不仅有连续生长的特点,而且存在一定的交切关系,反映它们大致同期形成,但矿物沉淀顺序由早到晚变化。蚀变晕形成于早期,主要由电气石和石英组成,矿物呈强定向排列,长轴平行于剪切面理,为将挤压剪切应变下形成;A1脉形成略晚于蚀变晕,主要由电气石、石英、方解石、白云石、白云母、黄铜矿等组成,矿物弱定向排列,长轴近平行于剪切面理,为弱挤压剪切应变下形成;A2脉形成最晚,脉内矿物与A1脉相似,矿物无定向性、张性充填,反映形成时剪切变形已停止,可能为变形后应力松弛阶段形成的张性脉。因此,茅草坪矿床矿化形成在剪切作用由强变弱、直至停止的过程中,为剪切作用末期的产物。A1脉体中的白云母40 Ar/39 Ar坪年龄为20.34±0.19 Ma,可以代表矿床形成年龄,表明茅草坪地区的剪切作用结束于20Ma。综上表明,茅草坪矿床形成在崇山剪切带区域剪切走滑期间(末期),矿化受与剪切变形末期相关构造控制,是一个与崇山剪切带演化有关的脉状Cu矿床。因此,兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜矿带矿床成因应充分考虑与崇山剪切带演化的关系。     

泰安市历史形成责任灭失非煤矿山采空区现状及稳定性评价

泰安市有很多历史形成、责任灭失的铁矿、石膏矿、金矿、长石矿、萤石矿、岩盐矿等非煤矿山。该文阐述了各矿山的采空区位置、分布范围、危险性及废弃矿井的位置、类型,分析了地表变形及其对建(构)筑物及基础设施的潜在影响,采用赋值打分法和规范评价法对采空区稳定性进行评价,对废弃矿井危害程度进行定性分析评价。在调查与评价的基础上,对泰安市历史形成、责任灭失非煤矿山采空区及废弃矿井提出针对性的防治措施,为开展防治工作提供参考和依据。     

Multi-stage evolution of a sub-aerial volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr: S. Jorge Island, Azores Triple Junction

New K/Ar dating and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the WNW–ESE elongated oceanic island of S. Jorge to reconstruct the volcanic evolution of a linear ridge developed close to the Azores triple junction. We show that S. Jorge sub-aerial construction encompasses the last 1.3 Myr, a time interval far much longer than previously reported. The early development of the ridge involved a sub-aerial building phase exposed in the southeast end of the island and now constrained between 1.32 ± 0.02 and 1.21 ± 0.02 Ma. Basic lavas from this older stage are alkaline and enriched in incompatible elements, reflecting partial melting of an enriched mantle source. At least three differentiation cycles from alkaline basalts to mugearites are documented within this stage. The successive episodes of magma rising, storage and evolution suggest an intermittent re-opening of the magma feeding system, possibly due to recurrent tensional or trans-tensional tectonic events. Present data show a gap in sub-aerial volcanism before a second main ongoing building phase starting at about 750 ka. Sub-aerial construction of the S. Jorge ridge migrated progressively towards the west, but involved several overlapping volcanic episodes constrained along the main WNW–ESE structural axis of the island. Mafic magmas erupted during the second phase have been also generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Trace element data suggest, however, variable and lower degrees of partial melting of a shallower mantle domain, which is interpreted as an increasing control of lithospheric deformation on the genesis and extraction of primitive melts during the last 750 kyr. The multi-stage development of the S. Jorge volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr has most likely been greatly influenced by regional tectonics, controlled by deformation along the diffuse boundary between the Nubian and the Eurasian plates, and the increasing effect of sea-floor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.     

Palaeotopography of the northern portion of the Telychian (Silurian) turbidite basin in central Wales

New palaeocurrent data from the country northeast and southwest of Corris (central Wales) indicate that Telychian sandstones in the Devil's Bridge Formation hereabouts were transported from both the northeast and northwest, consistent with topographical control by down‐to‐southeast movement on the Bala Lineament. This conclusion is supported by considerations of thickness variation and by evidence for listric detachment faulting in the formation at Bwlch y Groes. Towards Plynlimon, flow is broadly southerly and suggests confinement by the northward extension of the Bronnant Fault. A facies and palaeocurrent map is presented for the utilis sub‐Biozone of the Telychian which links with work by the British Geological Survey between Aberyswyth and Rhayader where, by contrast, palaeoflow is to the NNW. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Refinement of the late Quaternary geologic history of Erebus volcano,Antarctica using Ar/Ar and Cl age determinations

Six new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and three cosmogenic ³⁶Cl age determinations provide new insight into the late Quaternary eruptive history of Erebus volcano. Anorthoclase from 3 lava flows on the caldera rim have ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 23 ± 12, 81 ± 3 and 172 ± 10 ka (all uncertainties 2σ). The ages confirm the presence of a second, younger, superimposed caldera near the southwestern margin of the summit plateau and show that eruptive activity has occurred in the summit region for 77 ± 13 ka longer than previously thought. Trachyte from “Ice Station” on the eastern flank is 159 ± 2 ka, similar in age to those at Bomb Peak and Aurora Cliffs. The widespread occurrences of trachyte on the eastern flank of Erebus suggest a major previously unrecognized episode of trachytic volcanism. The trachyte lavas are chemically and isotopically distinct from alkaline lavas erupted contemporaneously in the summit region < 5 km away.     

Miocene silicic volcanism in southwestern Idaho: geochronology,geochemistry, and evolution of the central Snake River Plain

New ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar geochronology, bulk rock geochemical data, and physical characteristics for representative stratigraphic sections of rhyolite ignimbrites and lavas from the west-central Snake River Plain (SRP) are combined to develop a coherent stratigraphic framework for Miocene silicic magmatism in this part of the Yellowstone ‘hotspot track’. The magmatic record differs from that in areas to the west and east with regard to its unusually large extrusive volume, broad lateral scale, and extended duration. We infer that the magmatic systems developed in response to large-scale and repeated injections of basaltic magma into the crust, resulting in significant reconstitution of large volumes of the crust, wide distribution of crustal melt zones, and complex feeder systems for individual eruptive events. Some eruptive episodes or ‘events’ appear to be contemporaneous with major normal faulting, and perhaps catastrophic crustal foundering, that may have triggered concurrent evacuations of separate silicic magma reservoirs. This behavior and cumulative time-composition relations are difficult to relate to simple caldera-style single-source feeder systems and imply complex temporal-spatial development of the silicic magma systems. Inferred volumes and timing of mafic magma inputs, as the driving energy source, require a significant component of lithospheric extension on NNW-trending Basin and Range style faults (i.e., roughly parallel to the SW–NE orientation of the eastern SRP). This is needed to accommodate basaltic inputs at crustal levels, and is likely to play a role in generation of those magmas. Anomalously high magma production in the SRP compared to that in adjacent areas (e.g., northern Basin and Range Province) may require additional sub-lithospheric processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This paper constitutes part of a special issue dedicated to Bill Bonnichsen on the petrogenesis and volcanology of anorogenic rhyolites.