40^Ar／39^Ar Ages of Auriferous Quartz Veins from the Fengyang and Zhangbaling Regions and Their Geological Significance

Geotectonically the Fengyang and Zhangbaling regions belong to the North China craton and the Dabie-Sulu oragene, respectively. Neo-Archean gneiss and amphibolite and metamor-phosed sea-facies sodic volcanic rocks axe the main outcrops in the two regions, respectively. The Zhangbaling terrane strike-skipped along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in Mesozoic and Cenozo-ic eras and got close to the Fengyang terrane. Mesozoic Yanshanian intrusions occur broadly in thetwo regions. Gold-beating quartz veins occur in the metamorphic rocks in the Fengyang region and in the granodiorite and metamorphosed sea-facies sodic volcanic rocks in the Zhanghaling region.Generally, the formation of the auriferous quartz veins involved three stages. At the first stage,gold-poor sulfide quartz veins were formed; at the second stage gold-rich quartz sulfide veins wereformed; and at the third stage gold-poor barite and/or carbonate veins were formed. The 40^Ar/29^Ar step-heating plateau ages of the first-stage and the second-stage quartz aggregates from the Zhuding, Maoshan and Shangeheng gold deposits range between 116.1 0.6 Ma and 118.3 0.5 Ma and are pretty close to their least apparent ages and isoehronal ages, respectively. All plat-eau, least apparent and isoehronal ages range between 113.4 0.4 Ma and 118.3 0.5 Ma,which are considered as the formation age range of the quartz. It is reasonable and reliable to takethe 40^Ar/39^Ar age range of the quartz as the formation age range of gold-bearing quartz veins onthe basis of spatial relationship between gold-bearing quartz veins and their country rocks. Thegold deposits in the two regions were formed in Aptian, Cretaceous, when the Tancheng-Lujiangfault zone moved as a normal fault with slightly right-lateral strike-skip, was extensional and expe-rienced very strong magnmtic process. It is shown that the magnmtic hydrothermal fluid is a veryimportant part of the gold ore-forming hydrothermal fluid in the Fengyang and Zhanghaling re-gions. The formation of the gold ore deposits in the Fengyang and Zhanghaling regions had genetic relations with the extensional movement of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and magmatic activities and took place under the extensional dynamic condition in Late Cretaceous. Therefore, the exten-sional movement of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone presented the energy and space for magmatic and gold ore-forming processes.     

Geochronological Constraints Using 40Ar/39Ar Dating on the Mineralization of the Hishikari Epithermal Gold Deposit, Japan

Abstract. Ages for thirty adularia samples collected from various veins were in the Hishikari gold deposit determined by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating to constrain the timing of adularia‐quartz vein formation and to determine the temporal change in temperature of hydrothermal fluid. Plateau ages were obtained from all adularia samples, and significant excess ⁴⁰Ar is not recognized from inverse isochrones. The duration of mineralization within individual veins was determined by adularia ages from the early and late stages of mineralization within the same vein. The durations of mineralization in the Daisen‐1, Daisen‐3, Hosen‐2 and Keisen‐3 veins in the Honko‐Sanjin zone were 7,000, 140,000, 160,000 and 170,000 years, respectively. The durations of mineralization in the Seisen‐2 and Yusen‐1–2 veins in the Yamada zones were 360,000 and 320,000 years, respectively. Mineralization lasted for a relatively longer period in individual veins at the Yamada zone. Mineralization ages from the Honko‐Sanjin zone range from 1.04 to 0.75 Ma, and most mineralization ages are concentrated in a short period from 1.01 to 0.88 Ma. In contrast, mineralization ages for the Yamada zone range from 1.21 to 0.64 Ma. These results indicate that fracturing and subsequent vein formation lasted for a longer period in the Yamada zone (about 570,000 years) compared with those events in the Honko‐Sanjin zone (about 290,000 years). The homogenization temperatures of liquid‐rich fluid inclusions in columnar adularia used for age determination were determined to be 223°C on average, and most of these temperatures range from 180 to 258d?C. No significant temporal change in homogenization temperature is recognized in this study. However, adularia in the Keisen veins indicated higher homogenization temperatures compared with elsewhere in the deposit, suggesting that the principal ascent of mineralizing hydrothermal fluid was via the Keisen veins.     

K–Ar and 40Ar/39Ar phengite ages of Sanbagawa schist clasts from the Kuma Group, central Shikoku, southwest Japan

Conglomerates of the Kuma Group, central Shikoku, southwest Japan contain Sanbagawa schist clasts with a variety of metamorphic grades and lithologies. K–Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of phengite show all the pelitic schist clasts from low- to high-grade zones have similar phengite ages (82–84 Ma) that are significantly older than those from the in situ Sanbagawa sequence of central Shikoku. This is because the Kuma–Sanbagawa sequence was exhumed earlier than the in situ Asemi sequence with an exhumation process intermediate between those for the Kanto Mountains and the in situ Asemi sequences. ⁴⁰A/³⁹Ar plateau ages (103 and 117 Ma) of phengite in amphibolites indicate the timing of the early stage of the exhumation of the metamorphic pile, probably close to the peak metamorphic age.     

攀西裂谷带内超基性碱性岩和层状辉长岩^40Ar-^39Ar年龄——以鸡街、大向坪和太和岩体为例

对分布在攀西古裂谷带内的禄丰县鸡街和大向坪超基性碱性环状杂岩体中霞辉岩，以及西昌太和层状辉长岩等两类岩石进行全岩^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄测定，结果表明鸡街岩体和大向坪岩体中霞辉岩年龄范围在214～193Ma，相当于晚三叠世，属于印支期。总体上，超基性碱性环状杂岩的侵位时间略晚于含矿辉长岩；太和层状辉长岩^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄，由于过剩Ar等原因的扰动，使其年龄值远远高于成岩年龄。暗示全岩或辉石单矿物等不适合作为攀西地区层状辉长岩定年的对象。     

北秦岭二郎坪岩群两侧韧性剪切带的构造变形及其意义

北秦岭二郎坪岩群南、北两侧分别被朱夏韧性剪切带和瓦乔韧性剪切带与秦岭岩群和宽坪岩群分开,这两条韧性剪切带对二郎坪弧后盆地的演化起着十分重要的作用。本文对这两条剪切带进行了详细的几何学、运动学和⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学研究。几何学和运动学分析结果指示瓦乔剪切带具有由北向南逆冲剪切的运动学特征,而朱夏剪切带早期具有由南向北逆冲的运动学特征,而后期又发生右行走滑活动。对瓦乔剪切带和朱夏剪切带内的糜棱岩中白云母进行了⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar法定年,结果指示瓦乔剪切带逆冲活动发生在387±1.7 Ma,朱夏韧性剪切早期逆冲发生在晚古生代,后期右行走滑的年龄为146±2.8 Ma。综合两条剪切带的构造变形特征和年代学数据,结合前人的地质资料,本文认为二郎坪弧后盆地曾沿着瓦乔剪切带和朱夏剪切带发生双向式俯冲。     

云南泸水钨锡矿床微量钾矿物40Ar-39Ar马鞍形年龄谱的含义

采用⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar计时方法测定滇西泸水钨锡矿床的白云母、石英、电气石和绿柱石等矿物的年龄，其中微量K矿物（石英、电气石和绿柱石）均形成含过剩⁴⁰Ar的马鞍形年龄谱。研究表明鞍形谱最小年龄的含义比较复杂，有些样品的最小年龄接近于成矿年龄，而有些样品的最小年龄大于甚至远大于成矿年龄。     

根据40Ar/39Ar年龄谱探讨陨石冲击事件的分期

⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄谱是研究陨石冲击事件的重要资料。根据对55块陨石⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar冲击年龄和陨石暴露年龄的分析,发现陨石的冲击年龄与陨石类型之间存在对应关系。据此,将陨石冲击事件划分为九期。其中3900-4000Ma、470-540Ma和小于65Ma是陨石母体的三个重要演化阶段。阶段Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ(冲击年龄大于30亿年)主要涉及高钙型无球粒陨石。所有球粒陨石的冲击年龄均小于30亿年。陨石暴露年龄因类型而异,铁陨石最大,石铁陨石次之,石陨石最小。     

近40年来对南海化学海洋学研究的新认知

作为西太平洋最大的边缘海, 南海在全球海洋和海洋学研究中占有重要地位。近40年来, 南海的化学海洋学研究取得了大量系统的新发现、新认识, 提出了不少新的理论观点, 对全球海洋学的发展进步做出了重要贡献。研究发现了南海次表层存在以海水亚硝酸盐为代表的生态环境参数极值现象, 不同参数水层深度范围不同, 由此形成的跃层生态系统有着与其他生态系统显著不同的特点。从系统研究获知, 南海碳循环过程十分复杂, 生物作用下的生物泵过程以及碳源汇区域和季节变化巨大, 南海碳源汇在不同的区域不同的时间的性质和强度迥异, 全年尺度上总体表现为大气二氧化碳的弱源。南海北部的珠江口邻近海域和深海盆的生态环境特征与化学物质循环和陆架边缘海、珊瑚礁等密切相关, 但又与陆架边缘海、珊瑚礁等显著不同, 表现为珠江口底层存在缺氧现象, 珠江口海域是一个以缺氧为特征的生态脆弱区。在系统认识南沙珊瑚礁生态系统物质循环快速、生物过程控制着化学物质的垂直转移的基础上, 提出了维持珊瑚礁生态系统高生产力的新机制——“拟流网理论”。对南海沉积物化学的系统研究认识到, 沉积物-水体化学物质循环有密切的耦合关系, 南海珊瑚礁或沉积岩心化学物质分布变化可反演其历史变化, 如南海冰期表层海水古生产力为间冰期的1.6倍; 晚中新世南海南部发生了一次“生物勃发事件”, 其生产力主要受季风和陆源营养物质输入量影响; 东北季风与西南季风在不同区域其影响程度不同等。40年来南海化学海洋学研究的这些新发现和新认识对系统揭示南海的海洋学过程奠定了强有力的基础, 未来南海化学海洋学研究也必将为南海资源环境的可持续利用提供科学支撑。     

藏南冲巴淡色花岗岩锆石U-Pb、白云母40Ar-39Ar年代学及其地质意义

本文采集藏南冲巴淡色花岗岩样品并进行系统的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,冲巴淡色花岗岩年龄为12.4±0.4 Ma,处于前人划分的新喜马拉雅阶段与后喜马拉雅阶段分界处。结合淡色花岗岩沿藏南拆离系分布的特征,可将其归入新喜马拉雅阶段。冲巴淡色花岗岩为同构造侵位花岗岩,是藏南拆离系活动导致的构造减压熔融的产物,12.4±0.4 Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄代表了研究区藏南拆离系的活动时代。然而,这一活动时代明显滞后于喜马拉雅中西部地区,呈现自西向东启动时代和停止活动时代逐渐变晚的趋势;白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学分析表明,冲巴淡色花岗岩冷却年龄分别为9.11±0.25 Ma和9.62±0.10 Ma。锆石U-Pb和白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学计算表明,冲巴淡色花岗岩体从12.4 Ma到9.11 Ma发生了快速冷却剥露,冷却速率高达137~162℃/Ma,这一结果与前人通过变质P-T-t研究得到的快速折返的结论相吻合。综合前人研究成果,认为12.4~9.11 Ma的快速冷却事件可能与研究区藏南拆离系的大规模伸展拆离导致的构造剥露有关。     

东秦岭花岗伟晶岩中电气石地球化学特征及成矿指示意义

东秦岭地区是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩区及稀有金属成矿区。电气石在东秦岭各类花岗伟晶岩中广泛发育,通常在无矿化伟晶岩、铍矿化及锂矿化伟晶岩中呈黑色-深蓝色。本文旨在通过各类伟晶岩中电气石的对比研究揭示电气石地球化学特征对东秦岭伟晶岩矿化类型的指示作用。本文所研究电气石为作为东秦岭各类伟晶岩贯通矿物的黑电气石系列。在双峰村、碾盘及风原无矿化伟晶岩中,黑电气石生长环带发育,单偏光下呈蓝绿色-棕色,具有较高的Mg、Ti、Sc含量,较低Li、Mn、Zn含量,δ¹¹B值变化较大（约-19.00‰~-12.00‰）。街子沟富铍伟晶岩中黑电气石单偏光下呈蓝色-草绿色,Ti、V、Sc含量低于无矿化伟晶岩中黑电气石,δ¹¹B值约-16.00‰~-12.00‰。丰庄伟晶岩具弱铌钽矿化,黑电气石具有核-边结构,单偏光下呈蓝色-深蓝色,比无矿化和铍矿化伟晶岩中黑电气石含有更高Li、Zn含量,δ¹¹B值-21.92‰~-14.75‰。在蔡家沟Li矿化伟晶岩中,黑色-深蓝色电气石Li₂O含量达到约1.0%,成分上过渡至黑电气石-锂电气石系列,具有最高Li、Mn、Zn含量,而Mg、Ti、Sc、V含量极低,其δ¹¹B值-18.96‰~-16.89‰。硼同位素分析揭示碾盘、风原及丰庄伟晶岩中存在两类电气石,Ⅰ类电气石富重B同位素,可能为较早从伟晶岩熔体中结晶形成;而Ⅱ类电气石具有更负的δ¹¹B值,可能为伟晶岩流体出溶时由流体中晶出。流体出溶导致围岩中形成热液电气石,其δ¹¹B值与伟晶岩中Ⅱ类电气石相似,表明出溶流体与围岩的作用并未导致显著的B同位素分馏。但伟晶岩与围岩之间的作用,使得Mg、Ti、V进入伟晶岩,同时Li、B、Al进入围岩。在研究区内,从无矿化至锂矿化伟晶岩,随伟晶岩分异程度增加,岩浆成因的黑电气石中Li、Mn、Zn、F含量升高而δ¹¹B值降低,表明黑电气石的Li、Mn、Zn及F含量和B同位素组成可以有效指示伟晶岩矿化类型。