Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane (i-C4/n-C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.     

面向矿床三维动态建模的地质勘探数据库增量更新方法

针对深部找矿过程中地质勘探数据增加和动态三维地质建模需要,提出了一种基于版本管理的矿床地质勘探数据库增量更新方法。在分析矿床地质勘探工程数据与三维地质模型映射关系的基础上,建立时序版本和建模版本作为矿床勘探数据增量更新版本标识。针对矿床地质勘探数据库增量更新的版本管理,提出了一种扩展的有向无环图版本管理模型,设计了基于关系数据库的版本管理方法并探讨了其实现过程。以安徽铜陵凤凰山矿床地质勘探数据为例,基于SQL Server数据库系统建立了实例矿床地质勘探版本数据库,以C#编程实现了实例矿床勘探数据库的版本管理,包括版本的建立、查询与显示等功能,通过勘探工程增量更新版本数据建立了三维矿体的动态修正模型,证实了方法的可行性与有效性。     

On the period changes of RR Lyrae variables in the globular cluster M3

O – C diagrams of 78 RR Lyrae variables of the years 1963 to 1978 were used to investigate their comparability with the diagrams of 1895 to 1963. Only 5% have been proved to show a fundamentally deviating trend of the period change.     

BDS-3新频点信号双频精密单点定位精度分析

北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite System, BDS)已于2020年7月正式建成并开通, 北斗三号(BDS-3)在旧信号B1I和B3I的基础上, 增加了B1C、B2a新信号. 为了全面评估BDS-3的新信号B1C、B2a的定位性能, 试验了GPS (Global Positioning System)、BDS-3、BDS-2/BDS-3新旧信号的定位性能和BDS系统不同频点与GPS组合定位性能, 对BDS (B1I+B3I、B1C/B2a)+GPS (L1+L2)组合静态PPP (Precise Point Positioning)定位性能进行分析, 并与单卫星系统对比分析. 试验结果表明: BDS-3 (B1C/B2a)在East (E)、\lk North (N)、Up (U)方向的定位精度优于1.25cm、0.89cm、1.67cm, BDS-3新旧频点在E、N方向上定位精度与GPS L1/L2在同一水平上, U方向上新频点定位精度高于GPS L1/L2和BDS-3旧频点, 较旧频点定位精度提升了34.2%, 新频点收敛时间25.9min比旧频点提升了12.7%; 相较于BDS、GPS单系统, 组合系统BDS/GPS定位精度和收敛时间有了明显的提高, BDS-3 (B1C/B2a)+GPS在E、N方向上与BDS-3 (B1I/B3I)+GPS定位精度相当, 在U方向上定位精度前者较后者有了明显的提升, 提升了17.2%, 组合系统新频点收敛时间20.1min比旧频点提升了17.6%.     

基于二三维一体化的智慧警务地理信息平台建设与研究

"智慧警务"是"智慧城市"的重要组成部分,也是社会治安防控体系发展的必然趋势,应提高认识,积极探索和论证建设"智慧警务"的模式和方法。本文阐述了基于二三维一体化的智慧警务地理信息平台建设内容和总体框架,并详细地介绍了警用地理信息系统及智慧警务应用系统建设内容和技术路线。     

资源三号卫星影像纠正的方法研究

影像的应用前提是影像处理,大气校正可消除大气和光照等因素对地物发射的影响。在此基础上,介绍几种常用的几何纠正方法,可消除系统和非系统因素引起的影像几何变形。本文通过对资源三号卫星的基本参数信息和相对应影像数据特点的介绍,先通过大气校正,校正后的影像分别使用几何纠正的几种方法,并通过各种方法的计算量、实用性以及相应的精度,对比分析各种方法在处理这种数据时的优越性。     

Strain analysis of a seismically imaged mass‐transport complex,offshore Uruguay

Strain style, magnitude and distribution within mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) are important for understanding the process evolution of submarine mass flows and for estimating their runout distances. Structural restoration and quantification of strain in gravitationally driven passive margins have been shown to approximately balance between updip extensional and downdip contractional domains; such an exercise has not yet been attempted for MTCs. We here interpret and structurally restore a shallowly buried (c. 1,500 mbsf) and well‐imaged MTC, offshore Uruguay using a high‐resolution (12.5 m vertical and 15 × 12.5 m horizontal resolution) three‐dimensional seismic‐reflection survey. This allows us to characterise and quantify vertical and lateral strain distribution within the deposit. Detailed seismic mapping and attribute analysis shows that the MTC is characterised by a complicated array of kinematic indicators, which vary spatially in style and concentration. Seismic‐attribute extractions reveal several previously undocumented fabrics preserved in the MTC, including internal shearing in the form of sub‐orthogonal shear zones, and fold‐thrust systems within the basal shear zone beneath rafted‐blocks. These features suggest multiple transport directions and phases of flow during emplacement. The MTC is characterised by a broadly tripartite strain distribution, with extensional (e.g. normal faults), translational and contractional (e.g. folds and thrusts) domains, along with a radial frontally emergent zone. We also show how strain is preferentially concentrated around intra‐MTC rafted‐blocks due to their kinematic interactions with the underlying basal shear zone. Overall, and even when volume loss within the frontally emergent zone is included, a strain difference between extension (1.6–1.9 km) and contraction (6.7–7.3 km) is calculated. We attribute this to a combination of distributed, sub‐seismic, ‘cryptic’ strain, likely related to de‐watering, grain‐scale deformation and related changes in bulk sediment volume. This work has implications for assessing MTCs strain distribution and provides a practical approach for evaluating structural interpretations within such deposits.     

运用人工鱼群算法的3D扫描碎片重建探究

针对传统三维碎片拼接匹配过程中依赖单一特征及存在误差累积的问题,提出了一种运用鱼群算法的全局最优匹配方法。该方法先对碎片点云数据进行多特征提取,结合纹理、专家经验信息对混合在一起的多种类型碎片进行粗糙集分类,之后采用鱼群算法的最优解求得最佳匹配方案。实例验证所提全局匹配方法具有能力强、与初始位置无关及较强的稳健性等特点,为三维碎片的全局匹配提供了一种有效的解决方案。     

基于动态极坐标参数化的遥感影像匹配方法

图像匹配作为三维重建至关重要的环节,其精度直接影响了平差优化、正射校正等模块的精度。对于城镇、农场等特征密集型区域,特征距离小,相似性强,易于匹配图像;而针对草地、沙漠等特征不明显区域,特征距离大,如果使用特征点匹配的方法,严格阈值下难以获得足够数量的匹配对,放宽阈值又将引入较多误匹配对,这也是导致稀疏点云不够均匀的原因之一。在此场景下,本文提出了基于动态极坐标参数化的无人机正视影像匹配算法,首先对图像做极坐标参数变化,采用动态策略解决极轴方向采样不均匀的问题,使用最小二乘法对得到的极坐标影像对做位移方向上的匹配,匹配后得到的旋转量和平移量,将该结果和SIFT算法的结果做比较。本文设计了2组实验,即参数已知的解算实验和参数未知的解算实验,且每组实验进行3次。在同等配置的计算机上,对两张7360像素×5400像素,32位的影像,本文方法的位姿解算时间相比SIFT的时间减少约57%,二者求得的位姿差通常小于1%。结论表明二者的结果在精度上表现相当,在时间上明显优于SIFT算法,具有实际的应用价值。