On the complex disc–corona interactions in the soft spectral states of soft X-ray transients

Accreting black holes show a complex and diverse behaviour in their soft spectral states. Although these spectra are dominated by a soft, thermal component which almost certainly arises from an accretion disc, there is also a hard X-ray tail indicating that some fraction of the accretion power is instead dissipated in hot, optically thin coronal material. During such states, best observed in the early outburst of soft X-ray transients, the ratio of power dissipated in the hot corona to that in the disc can vary from ∼ 0 (pure disc accretion) to ∼ 1 (equal power in each). Here we present results of spectral analyses of a number of sources, demonstrating the presence of complex features in their energy spectra. Our main findings are: (1) the soft components are not properly described by a thermal emission from accretion discs: they are appreciably broader than can be described by disc blackbody models even including relativistic effects, and (2) the spectral features near     commonly seen in such spectra can be well described by reprocessing of hard X-rays by optically thick, highly ionized, relativistically moving plasma.     

南羌塘坳陷古油藏原油生物降解作用及意义

对南羌塘坳陷古油藏开展了有机地球化学分析, 从生物标志化合物特征和地质条件探讨古油藏生物降解特征及成藏期次。研究表明, 古油藏储层样品抽提物的正构烷烃分布完整, 但色谱基线发生不同程度抬升, 形成“鼓包”现象, 指示古油藏遭受了一定程度的生物降解作用; 古油藏族组分碳同位素发生“倒转”和普遍检出的25-降藿烷也证实了古油藏经历了中等-严重的生物降解。然而, 古油藏储层样品饱和烃色谱图显示出正构烷烃较为完整, 指示古油藏储层可能经历两期原油充注, 第一次原油遭受了生物降解, 第二期原油保留相对完整的正构烷烃。古油藏储层经历了两次原油充注, 与南羌塘坳陷富有机质页岩经历了两次生排烃的过程是一致。     

Distinctive C isotopic signature distinguishes a novel sea ice biomarker in Arctic sediments and sediment traps

A C₂₅ highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) monoene hydrocarbon, designated IP₂₅, has been proposed previously to originate from diatoms living in Arctic sea ice, while the presence of IP₂₅ in sediments has been suggested to be a proxy for the occurrence of former Arctic sea ice. Here, we show that the ¹³C isotopic composition of IP₂₅ in sea ice, in sediment trap material collected under sea ice, and in high latitude northern sediments, is distinctive (isotopically ‘heavy’) and distinguishable from that of organic matter of planktonic or terrigenous origin. Mean δ¹³C values for IP₂₅ were − 22.3 ± 0.4‰ (sea ice), − 19.6 ± 1.1‰ (sediment traps) and − 19.3 ± 2.3‰ (sediments). These measurements, therefore, support further the proposed use of IP₂₅ as an Arctic sea ice proxy.     

利用高支链类异戊二烯(HBIs)重建极地海冰的研究进展

海冰的准确重建对反演气候和环境变化具有重要意义。近期研究表明,有机指标高支链类异戊二烯(HBIs)具有重建极地海冰状况的潜质,海洋沉积物中具有海冰特异性的单烯HBI(IP_(25))和双烯HBI(IPSO_(25))指标已分别成为研究北极和南极海冰变化的有力工具。本文综述了IP_(25)、IPSO_(25)的提出和验证,分析了影响HBIs生成、迁移和埋藏的诸多因素,总结了为实现精细化区分海冰状况和定量化重建海冰密集度而提出的新指标的发展及应用,并就目前存在的问题和未来研究方向进行了探讨和展望。     

VLBI and VLA observations of intraday polarization variability in 0917+624 and 0954+658

Total intensity and polarization λ =6 cm Very Large Array (VLA) and global very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images of the quasar 0917+624 and the BL Lacertae object 0954+658 (both at epoch 1991.43) are analysed. Integrated measurements using the VLA during the VLBI observations indicated that, although there were no substantial total intensity variations, there were significant polarization variations for both sources during the 24-h VLBI experiment. The VLBI data were divided into 2–3 h segments in order to try to identify corresponding rapid variability in the VLBI structure. This analysis revealed intraday variability (IDV) in the VLBI core of 0917+624: both the polarized flux and the polarization position angle varied substantially on time-scales of ∼5–10 h. There is evidence that the VLA polarization variations for 0954+658 occurred in an inner VLBI jet component, where the polarized flux varied by ∼30–40 per cent on time-scales of ∼2 h. 0917+624 and 0954+658 were observed together with 0716+714, an object that also displayed IDV in the polarized flux density measured during our experiment (analysed in a separate paper). These three sources were targeted for the VLBI observations since they had been previously identified as intraday variables, but we had no way of knowing whether they would vary during our observations. The fact that all three exhibited IDV in polarization (but not in total intensity) during our experiment suggests that polarization IDV occurs frequently in at least some IDV sources.     

An upscaling method for one‐phase flow in heterogeneous reservoirs. A weighted output least squares (WOLS) approach

In this paper we study the problem of determining the effective permeability on a coarse scale level of problems with strongly varying and discontinuous coefficients defined on a fine scale. The upscaled permeability is defined as the solution of an optimization problem, where the difference between the fine scale and the coarse scale velocity field is minimized. We show that it is not necessary to solve the fine scale pressure equation in order to minimize the associated cost‐functional. Furthermore, we derive a simple technique for computing the derivatives of the cost‐functional needed in the fix‐point iteration used to compute the optimal permeability on the coarse mesh. Finally, the method is illustrated by several analytical examples and numerical experiments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

2210多协议路由器的配置及应用

介绍了IBM2210路由器的特点,配置方法及其在9210工程中的应用     

广西气象计算机网络的建设和发展

介绍广西气象计算机网络的过去,现状和将来发展方向.     

气象电报收集、分发系统在业务中的应用

全省气象电报收集、分发系统是负责收集全省各观测站的气象资料，及时处理并分发到北京、香港、澳门等各个服务单位，它有易操作，报文处理迅速，易维护等特点，提高了电报的传输时效。     

渤中25-1低渗透油田地应力分布特征及对开发的影响

利用有限元方法, 对渤中25-1低渗透油田现今地应力状态进行数值模拟研究, 并结合低渗透储层地质特征, 分析地应力对油田开发的影响。数值模拟结果表明, 渤中25-1低渗透油田沙二和沙三段的现今地应力为压应力, 以北东东—南西西向为水平最大主应力的主要优势方位, 地应力在平面上受断层、构造起伏和沉积微相控制明显。根据地应力状态, 分析研究区的人工压裂裂缝为垂直裂缝。在远离断层的断块中部, 人工压裂缝的展布方向主要为北东东—南西西方向; 在断层附近, 由于水平最大主应力方向发生偏转, 人工压裂缝的延伸方向也会发生一定偏转, 部署开发井网时需要根据断层附近地应力的实际分布规律进行相应调整。