新世纪俄罗斯找矿地球化学

在系统跟踪研究国内外地质期刊文献的基础上,梳理了新世纪找矿地球化学面临形势和存在的重大问题,全面总结了近十年来,俄罗斯有关找矿地球化学基础理论和方法论、区域地球化学调查方法与应用,以及地质-地球化学找矿模型的研制与应用等众多方面的思路和做法。研究认为,俄罗斯首创的多目标地球化学填图技术可有效地提高国家地质图的质量,为矿产资源量的综合评价和生态环境的评估及一系列基础问题的解决,提供详细的信息。同时,还指出俄罗斯地球化学家为解决新世纪的找矿问题,加大了技术创新,重点聚焦于提高地球化学找矿信号的衬度和强度,提高运用地质-地球化学找矿模型的效用,完善处理地球化学数据的计算技术,以实现地球化学场与地质、地球物理场的综合等,诸创新点和思路值得参考借鉴。     

三肇凹陷东部姚家组一段物源体系分析

三肇凹陷东部姚家组一段葡萄花油层为本区主要储层和含油层位,也是区内目前增储上产的重要目的层。储层的分布与物源有密切的联系,物源体系分析是油气勘探的一项重要工作。本文通过岩心观察描述以及分析化验资料的综合研究,从重矿物组合、ZTR指数变化特征、泥岩颜色区域分布以及砂体展布特征等方面对物源方向进行了分析,确定了三肇凹陷东部姚家组一段葡萄花油层物源体系,并对每个物源的影响范围和强度变化进行了综合分析和厘定,为下一步沉积体系的精细研究和储层预测奠定了基础。     

Soil fertility evolution and landscape dynamics in a Mediterranean area: a case study in the Sant Llorenç Natural Park (Barcelona, NE Spain)

The cartography of land covers was used to study fertility and soil evolution in a mountainous Mediterranean area during the anthropocene period ( Crutzen P J 2002 Geology of mankind Nature 415 23). The aim was to determine changes in fertility as agricultural lands were abandoned in the 14 000 hectare area that constitutes Sant Llorenç del Munt Natural Park in a pre-coastal Catalan mountain range (north-eastern Iberian Peninsula). The analysis of land covers using vegetation maps, orthorectified images and aerial photography has allowed us to differentiate six vegetation groups: holm-oak wood, pine grove, oak wood, scrub, active agricultural fields and abandoned agricultural fields. The anthropic covers over the past 100 years were subdivided into five categories: active fields and those abandoned over four time periods. Study variables include field shape (concave, convex, flat), orientation (north, south) and slope (ranging from 12º to 24º). The parameters used for the physical-chemical soil analysis included organic material, phosphorous and potassium; fertility was classified based on groups, types and classes. The results indicate that even when the visual appearance of certain landscapes is similar, the edaphic characteristics may be very different. Changes induced by human disturbance share this phenomenon. Therefore, land management should be considered globally, taking into account vegetation, soils and water as interdependent factors, since it is their interaction that produces landscape and most affects its evolution over time.     

青藏铁路沿线1373年以来气温和地温的变化研究

利用青藏铁路沿线（格尔木\_拉萨段）近600 a的历史气候代用资料,统计了各资料的年代序列,并用相关、功率谱、谐波、趋势分析等气候诊断方法进行了研究。结果表明:年平均地面温度17世纪中后期至18世纪初为偏冷阶段,20世纪后期为偏暖阶段,升温从18世纪中期开始,一直维持到20世纪末。该地区年平均地面温度和气温16世纪、19～20世纪相对偏暖,而15世纪、17～18世纪偏冷,20世纪的增温程度超过了19世纪的水平。自然波动周期为4～5个。     

迎接新世纪铀矿地质科研的新任务

文章分析了即将到来的新世纪铀矿地质科研面临的新形势,提出其指导思想应为地质总局主攻可地浸砂岩型铀矿的总方针服务,其具体任务是：加强可地浸砂岩型铀矿的平价和靶区优选研究;开发可地浸砂岩到铀矿勘查的新技术和新方法;把成矿模式攻矿床模式发展为找矿模式;加强铀矿经济地质和铀资源动态评系统研究并建立中新生代盆地和砂岩型铀矿数据库。该工业北京地质研究院作为铀矿地质科研的排头兵,为保障新世纪铀矿地质科研任务的完     

21世纪的石林旅游业

21世纪石林旅游会遇到良好的机遇和面临严峻的挑战。石林要在21世纪能做到可持续性发展旅游业,就必须严格保护资源和生态环境。还必须尽早做好如下工作:(1)建立新型的石林国家公园;(2)建立石林游客中心和石林博物馆,做好科普工作;(3)建立石林图书馆和信息中心;(4)加强石林研究中心和石林研究基金建设,不断为游客提供新知识;(5)加强新型、先进的服务设施建设,为游客进行知识创新、交流和商务活动提供良好条件;(6)不断对石林管理人员、职工和导游进行培训,不断更新他们的知识。      

Local Agenda 21 and Barriers to Sustainability at the Local Government Level in Victoria,Australia

At the 1992 Rio 'Earth Summit', Australia joined other nations in committing to processes leading to the formulation of 'Local Agenda 21s' (LA21s) by 1996. Subsequently, in the latter year, Whittaker carried out a national survey of local government authorities to evaluate what progress had been made. Whittaker's conclusion was that progress in Australia had been slow, but ten 'leading-edge' Victorian councils were identified through a self-reporting process. In this paper we discuss the concept of LA21, analyse in closer detail the 'progress' that has been made in the ten Victorian councils, and discuss some of the broader forces that, we argue, have made LA21 formulation increasingly difficult, particularly in the state of Victoria in the recent past.     

Modeling of climate change impacts on Lake Burullus,coastal lagoon (Egypt)

Coastal lagoons are particularly vulnerable to climate change, in particular, Sea Level Rise (SLR) due to their shallowness. Lake Burullus provides a variety of socio-economic services as the second largest coastal lagoon in Egypt. Recently, it has experienced significant ecological deterioration. Thus, its ecosystem is fragile in the face of anthropogenic induced changes. The main objective of the current study is to investigate the climate change impacts on characteristics of Lake Burullus. A depth averaged hydro-ecological modeling system, MIKE21, was applied to develop an eco - hydrodynamic model for the lake. The developed model was calibrated and verified for two successive years: July 2011–June 2012 and July 2012–June 2013. The model simulations exhibited good agreement with the measurements during the calibration and verification processes. Six different Regional Climate Models (RCMs) were compared, using six different statistical metrics, to determine the most accurate one for the study area. The required meteorological input, including surface air temperature, precipitation, and evaporation were derived from the selected RCM. The meteorological input was extracted for two different years in the 21 ^st century considering one Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenario, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Report. Regional SLR projections for the Mediterranean Sea for the selected RCP scenario and the two studied years were obtained. These future climate change estimates were used to modify the validated model of the lake. A sensitivity analysis was applied to assess effect of future climatic conditions and SLR, separately. The results revealed that the lake water depths will increase and it will be warmer and more saline. Significant spatial variability of the studied parameters under climate change forcing is expected. Consequently, climate change is going to restrict the lake's ability to preserve the present-day species. An urgent management plan involving adaptation works, should be implemented to reduce such potential species losses in Egyptian lagoons.     

建立高海拔矿山测量控制网的思路

受海拔高、空气稀薄、气候无常、高差较大等自然条件的影响,高海拔地区进行测量作业与低海拔地区有很大差别。根据高海拔地区矿山特点,结合多年矿山控制测量、特别是高海拔矿山控制测量经验,讨论在高海拔地区矿山因地制宜地建立测量控制网的方法。     

环流效应： 中国季风区石笋氧同位素短尺度变化的气候意义——古气候记录与现代气候研究的一次对话

根据最近的研究结果,中国季风区同一洞穴或同一区域的晚全新世石笋氧同位素序列具有较好的重复性,表明中国季风区的石笋氧同位素短尺度(10～100年尺度,后同)变率所具有的信号强于噪音。通过进一步比较分析发现,一些石笋氧同位素记录虽然来自距离上千公里之遥的不同区域,但它们的波动形式在年代际至世纪尺度极其相似,说明它们是一致的大区域信号,但多数石笋氧同位素序列未能校准到本区器测的降水或温度记录上。通过与中国气候学家建立的各类季风指数比较,发现这些具有一致大区信号的中国石笋氧同位素序列与海平面气压差指数或海陆温差指数关系最好。再通过与印度洋－太平洋海域海平面气压差、以及许多海、气环流观测记录对比,发现中国季风区石笋氧同位素序列记录了20世纪后期最强的一次全球海、气环流年代际均值突变,由此初步确认了中国季风区石笋氧同位素短尺度变化的环流意义： 当印度洋海水和中东太平洋海水温度偏低时,西太平洋副热带高压偏北东缩而弱,中国季风区内来自印度洋的水汽份额增大,由于这些水汽的输送路程很远,导致中国季风区的雨水氧同位素及石笋氧同位素较轻; 而当印度洋海水和中东太平洋海水温度偏高时,西太平洋副热带高压偏南西伸而强,中国季风区内来自印度洋的远源水汽份额减少,而来自西太平洋的水汽份额增大,由于后者输送路程较近,导致中国季风区的雨水氧同位素及石笋氧同位素较重。由此命名瑞利分馏原理所决定、反映印度洋/太平洋海、气环流转变且大区域一致的中国季风区石笋氧同位素10～100年尺度变化为“环流效应”。