南京市SO2污染浓度时空分布特征及统计预报方法的研究

本文根据南京市六个空气污染浓度监测站的2001年6月至2005年7月的SO2污染浓度监测资料分析南京市SO2污染浓度的时空分布变化特征,结果为6个站浓度值有明显的季节变化特征,且在冬季容易出现南北相反的分布特征。针对目前常用的回归预报方法在选取气象要素时没有考虑其互相之间的相关性的缺点,本文提出了一种建立在EOF展开基础上的首先使预报因子正交化,再与逐步回归方程结合并且资料逐日更新的变系数的新型统计预报模型,经过实际预报检验,预报准确率比较高,有很好的应用效果。     

A sediment fluxes investigation for the 2-D modelling of large river morphodynamics

A complete understanding of alluvial-bed dynamics is desirable for evaluating a variety of issues related to water resources.Sediment fluxes were investigated in a bifurcation of the large Parana River near Rosario, Argentina. The backscatter estimations from the Doppler profilers provided the suspended load of the sediment forming the riverbed. An echo-sounder was applied to track the dunes yielding the bed-load estimation.Aiming to show the usefulness of the recorded data, a 2-D numerical code was applied to the 10-km long and 2-km wide Rosario reach. The morphodynamic module was un-coupled from the hydrodynamics assessment, which enabled the long-term prediction of the river morphology accounting for the hydrological yearly variation with a quasi-steady approach.Numerical experiments were performed to test the sensitivity of the hydrodynamic model to the computational time-step and mesh size, to test the un-coupling scheme performance regarding the full-dynamic modelling, to test the accuracy of the sediment transport formulae based on the field evidence and, finally, to provide guidance to properly fix the model parameters.     

陕西白河县月儿潭绿松石与次生磷钙铝矾研究

对陕西省白河县月儿潭风化严重的绿松石样品进行了岩石薄片观察、化学成分测试、X射线粉晶衍射和红外吸收光谱分析等研究.结果表明,绿松石风化分解由天蓝色退色成黄绿色,最后变成白色,结构也由致密细腻变得松散多孔,主要原因是发生了硫酸根对磷酸根的交代作用,最终的交代产物主要是磷钙铝矾.     

CO2加富对塔玛亚历山大藻叶绿素荧光参数及产毒的影响

由大气中CO_2浓度升高引起的海洋酸化,是全球性的重大环境问题之一。本研究采用实验生态学的方法,以塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为研究对象,分析其在CO_2加富条件下叶绿素荧光动力学参数及产毒特征的变化。调制叶绿素荧光结果显示,CO_2加富对塔玛亚历山大藻的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、最大相对电子传递效率(r ETRmax)有显著影响(P0.05),且随着培养时间的增长Fv/Fm、r ETRmax均降低,对半饱和光强(Ik)、快速光曲线初始斜率(α)却无显著影响(P0.05)。结果说明CO_2加富能促进塔玛亚历山大藻的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量,提高其最大光能转换效率和相对最大电子传递效率。高效液相色谱法分析结果显示,该株塔玛亚历山大藻主要产漆沟藻毒素1(GTX1)、漆沟藻毒素4(GTX4)、N-磺酰氨甲酰基毒素(C1)及N-磺酰氨甲酰基毒素(C2)四种PSTs毒素,CO_2加富不改变主要麻痹性贝毒(PSTs)的种类组成,但能显著提高氨基甲酸酯类毒素(GTX1、GTX4)产量(P0.05),而降低N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素(C1、C2)产量(P0.05),说明加富能使塔玛亚历山大藻所产毒素发生转化,进而影响藻细胞的整体毒性。     

基于NS2的TCPW性能改进算法研究

TCP Westwood(TCPW)和Vegas都是基于测量的TCP New-Reno增强算法。TCPW针对ACK流直接估算可用带宽,在慢启动和线性递增部分依然采用传统Reno的盲目递增的机制,导致发送端较为频繁的重传。对这几种算法原理进行分析阐述,并提出1种改进方法,更精确的测量估计带宽,通过网络仿真工具NS2进行验证,明显去除TCP全局同步现象,增强网络性能。     

C02-CH4流体与金成矿作用：以阿尔泰山南缘和穆龙套金矿为例

造山型金矿的成矿作用与H20-CO2流体有着密切的联系。然而对阿尔泰山南缘和穆龙套金矿的流体包裹体研究表明，无水的CO2-CH4流体在中亚成矿域中一些金矿床中具有同样重要意义。阿尔泰山南缘萨热阔布金矿包裹体的Xch4达0.20～0.23，穆龙套金矿的XCH4为0.07～0.23。CH4扩大了流体不混溶的范围，有利于对Au的富集沉淀。CO2流体在Au成矿中的重要作用至少包括了三方面的意义，即：缓冲流体PH值范围、提高流体中的Au含量并使其维持与还原硫的络合作用进行迁移；扩大超临界流体的温度范围；增加流体不混溶的区域。CH4的加入扩大了流体不混溶的范围，有利于对Au的富集沉淀。     

基于随机森林特征选择的城市绿化乔木树种分类

城市绿化在改善空气、水和土壤质量,吸收和减少二氧化碳及各种污染物,缓解城市热岛和减少雨水径流等方面发挥着重要作用。及时准确地获取树种信息是城市规划与绿化管理的先决条件,对进一步改善城市生态环境也具有重要意义。基于遥感技术,使用高空间分辨率的WorldView-2卫星影像,采用光谱、纹理、指数以及几何等多种特征相结合的面向对象方法,并通过随机森林进行特征选择,对福州大学旗山校区北部的榕树、杧果、香樟、重阳木、羊蹄甲、垂叶榕以及木棉7种主要绿化乔木进行树种分类。实地验证结果表明：通过特征选择可以减少或规避数据冗余以及休斯效应的产生,该方法可以提高现有同类型树种分类的精度,当淘汰全部特征的20%,利用34个特征（包括15个光谱特征、6个纹理特征、8个指数特征和5个几何特征）进行分类时,总精度最高,可达74.95%,Kappa系数为0.67。其中,光谱平均值的特征重要性最高,而各波段的标准差的重要性较低。WorldView-2卫星影像的4个新增波段,特别是黄光和红边波段及其构建的指数特征重要性较高,也说明这些波段在植被遥感,特别是树种分类中极具应用前景。     

Revisiting the morphological method in two-dimensions to quantify bed-material transport in braided rivers

Research in the 1990s showed that bed-material transport rates could be estimated at the reach scale in both one-dimension and, over small spatial scales (10s of m), in two-dimensions. The limit on the latter was the spatial scale over which it was possible to obtain distributed data on morphological change. Here, we revisit the morphological method given progress in both topographical data acquisition and hydraulic modelling. The bed-material transport needed to conserve mass is calculated in both one and two dimensions for a 1600 m × 300 m Alpine braided river “laboratory”. High-resolution topographical data were acquired by laser scanning to quantify Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and morphological changes caused by the flushing of the water intake were derived from repeated surveys. Based on DEMs of differences, 1D bed-material transport rates were calculated using the morphological method. Then, a 2D hydraulic model was combined with a topographic correction to route sediment through the network of braided channels and to obtain a spatially variable estimate of transport in both downstream and cross-stream directions. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the routing model parameters, allowing identification of the most probable parameter values needed to minimize negative transport. The results show that within-section spatial compensation of erosion and deposition using the 1D treatment leads to substantial local errors in transport rate estimates, to a degree related to braiding intensity. Even though the 2D application showed that a large proportion of the total transport was actually concentrated into one main channel during the studied low flow event, the proportion of transport in secondary anabranches is substantial when the river starts braiding. Investigations of the effects of DEM resolution, competent flow duration and survey frequency related to ‘travelling bedload’ and sequential erosion-deposition emphasized the critical importance of careful data collection in the application of the morphological method. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Floating Astronomical Time Scale for the Early Late Cretaceous Continental Strata in the Songliao Basin,Northeastern China

A continuous terrestrial succession was recovered from the Songke-2(SK-2) borehole in the Songliao Basin, Northeastern China. This borehole provides a unique material for further research on the continental paleoclimate during Cretaceous greenhouse period, following a series of achievements of the Songke-1(SK-1) core. In this study, thorium(Th) logging data were chosen as a paleoclimate proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic analysis. The Th series varies quasi-periodically; power spectr...     

敞开酸溶和偏硼酸锂碱熔ICP-MS法测定多金属矿中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪

用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定地质样品中的稀土及难熔元素,混合酸敞开酸溶法和碱熔融法是两种主要的溶样方法。但地质样品组分复杂,元素之间存在相互共生的现象,对于特殊元素、特殊样品用传统酸溶法会造成部分元素消解不完全,使测定结果不准确;而碱熔法的操作过程繁琐,且溶液盐度高,易产生基体干扰和堵塞仪器进样系统。本文改进了传统四酸和五酸体系,采用氢氟酸-硝酸-硫酸敞开酸溶体系,用国家一级标准物质制作标准曲线测定15种稀土元素,方法准确度(ΔlgC)为0.001～0.027。同时改进了偏硼酸锂碱熔法,样品用偏硼酸锂碱熔提取,加入氢氧化钠调节溶液至碱性条件,所测元素与偏硼酸锂共沉淀后过滤分离熔剂,再用硝酸复溶测定15种稀土元素及铌钽锆铪。两种溶样方法的测定值与认定值的相对误差为1.09%～9.30%。将混合酸敞开酸溶法测定稀土元素、偏硼酸锂碱熔法测定铌钽锆铪的结果与其他实验室密闭酸溶法相比,两组数据的相对偏差为0.13%～15.32%。本实验表明,混合酸敞开酸溶法适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素,偏硼酸锂碱熔法不仅适用于测定地质样品中的稀土元素及铌钽锆铪,也适用于测定如古老高压变质岩石及铝含量高的样品中的铌钽锆铪。