深空探测器同波束相位参考成图相对定位方法

针对我国后续深空探测任务中高精度相对定位需求,提出了采用天文同波束相位参考成图技术进行深空探测器相对定位的方法。首先建立适用于深空探测器信号特点的同波束相位参考成图相对定位模型,然后分析信号带宽和UV覆盖两个因素对测量精度的影响。最后利用我国VLBI观测网(CVN)在2013年15、20和21日接收的嫦娥三号着陆器和玉兔号巡视器下行同波束数据,处理得到了巡视器在5个环拍点相对着陆器的位置,验证了本文方法的可行性及其对探测器下行信号的强适应性。与视觉定位结果的对比表明,巡视器相对着陆器定位精度达到米级。     

农村居民空间行为模式转换研究——以武汉市新洲区3个样本村为例

根据农村居民就业与居住空间行为的主要特征,可将其空间行为模式归纳为3种基本类型:村域就业-居住模式、城镇就业-居住模式和迁移模式。在此基础上,分别对2007和2012年武汉市新洲区3个样本村进行实证调研,研究结果显示:1该区域农村劳动力向非农产业和区域外转出明显;2该区域半城市化特征明显,样本村2007年处于城镇就业-居住模式和迁移模式的就业人口占总样本数的比重为39%,2012年则上升为65.3%;3该区域的小城镇对于当地农村居民的吸引力较弱,在农村居民从村域就业-居住模式向迁移模式转换的过程中会出现土地撂荒现象。据此提出了相关政策建议。     

泊松阻抗地震属性在刚果A区块油气检测中的应用

叠前地震反演是根据振幅随炮检距或入射角的变化规律所反映的地下岩性和孔隙流体性质,来预测油气和估计地层岩性参数的一项技术,但直接应用叠前地震反演的结果还存在反演的属性随着地层埋深的增加而存在明显的压实背景趋势的影响,以及分析描述储层孔隙内流体特征时,经常存在单个属性难以有效识别孔隙内流体类型的不足。泊松阻抗是由叠前地震反演结果推导出的属性,它将泊松比和密度两种属性融合为单一的泊松阻抗属性,其泊松阻抗属性有助于实现将含油气储层从围岩中进行有效分离,达到识别砂岩孔隙内流体的目的。将泊松阻抗作为一种新的油气检测地震属性应用于西非深水勘探区块的烃类检测中,其钻前预测与实钻结果完全一致,从而证实了泊松阻抗钻前预测油气的可靠性和准确性,取得了较好的应用效果,显示了泊松阻抗作为一种新的油气检测地震属性的独特作用。     

酒泉盆地营尔凹陷下白垩统下沟组沉积体系研究

根据对营尔凹陷下沟组岩心、测井和地震资料的分析,运用现代沉积学、层序地层学理论,将营尔凹陷下白垩统下沟组划分为4个三级层序。营尔凹陷下沟组主要发育辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、远岸水下扇、滑溻浊积体、湖泊共6种沉积相类型,形成不同类型砂体。三角洲前缘亚相及远岸水下扇沉积相砂岩发育,砂岩物性较好,具备储集空间且储盖组合条件好,有利于油气成藏。三角洲平原亚相及近岸水下扇以粗碎屑沉积为主,砂泥分异差,储集物性差,难以形成油气藏。有利沉积相带空间展布与构造的配置关系决定了油气富集高产区的空间分布。     

天宝电子水准仪沉降观测数据平差程序

介绍了用Excel处理电子水准仪沉降观测数据的有关方法和技巧,其特点是:结合咸阳市勘察测绘院电子水准仪的实际应用情况,有针对性地编写了相关程序,弥补了电子水准仪数据处理方面的不足,提高了生产效率和产品质量.     

兴蒙造山带东段火成岩构造组合、构造岩浆阶段及大地构造演化

以火成岩构造组合的概念和方法为指导,以近几年在嘉荫、伊春、鹤岗、鸡西、牡丹江等地区开展的1∶5万、1∶25万区调研究为基础,基于侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄,建立了研究区古生代构造岩浆阶段划分的初步方案.划分出与洋壳俯冲事件有关的火成岩构造组合5期,分别为加里东期早寒武世、早中奥陶世、中志留世,华力西期晚石炭世和晚二叠世.与...     

The Oscillation between Tropical Indian Ocean and North Pacific:Evidence and Possible Impact on Winter Climate in China

This paper provides evidence that the variation of boreal winter sea level pressure (SLP) over the North Pacific is out-of-phase with SLP fluctuation over the tropical Indian Ocean on both the interdecadal and interannual time scales.Subsequently,a SLP between tropical Indian Ocean and North Pacific (TIO-NP) oscillation index is defined to indicate the variation of such out-of-phase fluctuation.Moreover,the simultaneous surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in China are closely related to TIO-NP oscillations.Below-normal surface air temperature anomalies in the northern and the eastern part of China,and less rainfall in southern China,correspond to positive TIO-NP oscillation phase with negative SLP anomalies in tropical Indian Ocean and positive anomalies in North Pacific.The TIO-NP oscillation affects China’s winter climate anomalies,possibly through modulating the northeast East Asia winter monsoon.     

Late Tertiary ‘grey billy’ and the age and origin of surficial silicifications (silcrete) in South Australia

A late‐Tertiary age, as well as the commonly accepted mid‐Tertiary age, is proved for widespread silcretes in S.A. This is demonstrated by stratigraphic relationships with palynologically dated sequences, and evidence of erosion of silcretes. The age limits are Early Eocene to Early Miocene and Medial Miocene to Early Pleistocene, probably Late Pliocene. The late‐Tertiary silcrete dominates the duricrusted landscape flanking the north of the Willouran and Flinders Ranges, and forms patches throughout the Tarkarooloo Lobe (Lake Frome area). Silica type varies according to the material cemented; chalcedony and opal are more common in finer grained, less permeable, clayey clastics, and micro‐ to crypto‐crystalline quartz ('grey billy’ or ‘terrazzo') in porous permeable arenites and regoliths.

‘Grey billy’ silcretes with pedogenic features resembling massive nodular calcretes were probably formed close to phreatic surfaces or in the soil zone, and result from deposition of silica and titania from surface waters near ground level. They can be used to mark unconformities. Those without such features were formed at depths of several to tens of metres in the phreatic zone, beyond the effects of a fluctuating groundwater table.

The varying composition of groundwaters and fluctuations of the phreatic surface probably occurred as the result of climatic changes from wet to arid to wet, causing alternate solution and redeposition of silica. Silcrete was essentially a late Mesozoic‐Cainozoic phenomenon, this being a time of general uplift of the Australian continent during intervals of climatic fluctuation. However, the time spans of Australian silcretes are not sufficiently known to make correlations with major climatic events, which are on a finer time‐scale.     

Diversité du métamorphisme éclogitique dans le massif ophiolitique du Monviso (Alpes occidentales,Italie)

Résumé

Le complexe ophiolitique du Monviso représente un témoin essentiel de la lithosphère océanique subduite puis exhumée dans les Alpes occidentales. Ce complexe est classiquement subdivisé en unités lithologiques, qui ont toutes subi une évolution structurale caractérisée par la succession de trois événements dans des environnements (1) éclogitique, (2) schistes bleus puis (3) schistes verts. Cependant la quantification des conditions physiques du métamorphisme éclogitique au sein de trois unités à lithologies comparables (Viso Mozzo, Passo Gallarino et Lago Superiore), montrent clairement l’existence d’une hétérogénéité des conditions éclogitiques enregistrée par l’ensemble des unités, indépendamment de la chimie de la roche initiale. Les conditions estimées sont de 450 ± 40 °C et de 12 ± 3 kb pour l’unité du Viso Mozzo et du Passo Gallarino contre 580 ± 40°C et 19 ± 2 kb pour l’unité du Lago Superiore. De plus l’analyse structurale combinée révèle que c’est au cours de l’exhumation, dans les conditions du faciès des schistes bleus, que les différentes unités vont être juxtaposées et vont suivre une histoire tectono-métamorphique commune. Ces nouvelles données, impliquent une réinterprétation des modèles géodynamiques existants et couramment admis pour le Monviso. Ce dernier doit être considéré comme un complexe résultant de l’accrétion de différents morceaux d’une lithosphère océanique subduite, qui se sont détachés à différentes profondeurs pour venir se stocker à 25 km de profondeur dans les conditions du faciès des schistes bleus. © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS     

Genesis of the Late Mesozoic Great Xing’an Range Large Igneous Province in eastern central Asia: A Mongol–Okhotsk slab window model

The late Mesozoic Great Xing’an Range Large Igneous Province (XRLIP), with an area of >3 × 10⁵ km², is a prominent, enigmatic feature in eastern central Asia. The province is characterized by extensive within-plate magmatism, including a >4 km-thick sequence of volcanic rocks and voluminous plutons emplaced during an interval of ~40 million years from Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous times (~150–110 Ma). The igneous activities are characterized by widespread adakitic rocks, alkalic basalts, and A-type granitoids with largely intraplate geochemical signatures, emplaced in a normal continental crustal setting. A Mongol–Okhotsk ridge subduction model is proposed for petrogenesis of the igneous rocks. Partial melting of young, hot, subducting oceanic slabs close to the ridge formed the adakitic rocks. A slab window that opened during ridge subduction triggered alkalic basaltic to A-type granitic and minor calc-alkaline magmas, as well as large-scale, metallogenic mineralization and subsequent basin formation.