1960年以来青海湖沉积物粒度的时空分布及其控制因素

对大型湖泊盆地沉积物粒度组成进行研究,有助于解读全球致密油气和页岩油气勘探开发与其记录的古气候信息。 文章对青海湖沉积物粒度时空分布进行了详细的研究,通过采集覆盖大部分湖区的27根近现代沉积岩芯,并对湖心的三根 典型沉积岩芯进行了137Cs测定获取沉积岩芯的年龄;基于磁化率地层年龄模式,建立了整个湖区沉积岩芯的年代框架。粒 度分析结果显示,青海湖岩芯沉积物的粒度分布呈多峰,以细颗粒沉积为主,其中粉砂含量60%~70%,粘粒组分为10%~ 35%,砂粒组分低于20%。青海湖沉积物的粒度变化在空间上相对较复杂,中值粒径呈现明显的砂岛附近、西部和西南湖 区高,其他湖区低的特征。在时间上,大体上自1960年到2017年呈现变粗的趋势,砂粒组分增多,粘粒组分减少。这些粒 度的时空变化可能是受风砂活动、流域土壤侵蚀、河流径流变化、湖平面变化和人类活动共同作用而成。     

Ad Hoc网络协议AODV的问题仿真及解决方法

AODV、DSDV和DSR等路由协议都是Ad Hoc网络中的经典路由协议,着重介绍了AODV路由协议,并简单介绍了一下DSDV和DSR路由协议,并以OPNET仿真软件为平台仿真了AODV的性能(包括吞吐量、延迟、负载),经分析后提出AODV存在的一些问题,并加以讨论.     

The Volume Calculation Method of Rock Collapses and Loess Landslides Triggered by the 1556 AD Huaxian M8 1/2 Earthquake in Shaanxi Province, China

Accurate volume calculation of each individual landslide triggered by strong historical earthquakes can help understand the characteristics of the typical earthquake-induced landslides, thus providing significant information for the modification of the focal parameters of historical earthquakes. In this study, we select one rock fall and three loess landslides triggered by the 1556 AD Huaxian M8 1/2 earthquake, compute their volumes using the low-altitude high-precision Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and landslide profile restoration methods. The results show that:① the whole influencing area of the Huangjiagou Rock Fall is approximately 3.03×10⁵ m² and the area of the collapsed rock accumulated at the slope foot is 3.33×10⁴ m², accounting for approximately 10% of the entire influencing range. However, the estimated volume of the collapsed rock is only 0.699×10⁶ m³, indicating a rock fall with large influencing range but limited collapsed rock; ② the geological form of thethree loess landslides are preserved intactly, with volumes of 0.283×10⁸ m³, 0.074×10⁸ m³, and 0.377×10⁸ m³. These important geological hazard relics reflect the strong vibrations and severe casualties in the meizoseismal area; ③ loess landslides are the key reason of the serious death toll in the hilly-gully loess area. Our new method can be used to estimate the influencing area and the actual volume of each individual landslide, and rationally evaluate the role of earthquake landslides in the disaster. In addition, quantitative research on secondary disasters triggered by strong historical earthquakes is beneficial for understanding the surface process and focal parameters of the earthquakes.     

模数转换器AD7714及其应用

自动化气象仪器要从模拟信号传感器获取数据,必须经A/D模数转换器接受传感器的低电平信号并输出数字。针对目前应用在自动气象站和检定设备的A/D模数转换器一般在12位或以下已不能够完全达到新气象仪器所需要求的情况,文章对在硬件电路开发设计中使用AD公司最近推出的24位串行模数转换器AD7714功能和特点进行了介绍,给出了基于AD7714实际应用的硬件、软件设计方法,以及部分程序源代码。总结出该芯片在实际应用中必须注意的几个技术问题,并介绍了实际应用情况。