人类基因测序为何被提前

继2000年6月26日人类基因组”工作框架图”绘制完成后．参与人类基因组计划的6国科学家2月12日共同宣布，经过初步测定和分析，人类基因组共有32亿个碱基对，包含了大约3万到4万个蛋白编码基因。题为《人类基因组的初步测定和分析》的学术论，发表在权威科学刊物《自然》上。据悉，这篇论长达60多页，是人类首次全面介绍人类基因组工作框架图的“基本信息”。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711100079X

Lower Paleozoic rocks exposed in various regions of Egypt (south central Sinai, north Eastern Desert and southwest Western Desert), in addition to occurring in the subsurface such as north Western Desert and the Gulf of Suez. The Lower Paleozoic rocks in Egypt include surface and subsurface rock units of formational status. The surface rock units are the Taba, Araba and Naqus formations. The subsurface rock units include the Shifa, Kohla and Basur formations. The Infracambrian Taba Formation has been discovered recently in the outcrops of the south eastern Sinai in the Taba-Ras El-Naqab area. It is missing and/or not recognized in the subsurface. The Taba Formation consists mainly of reddish brown, unfossiliferous gravelly fine-to medium-grained sandstones cemented by kaolinite and have subordinate beds of paleosols. The Cambrian Araba Formation and its subsurface equivalent (the Shifa Formation) are essentially composed of reddish brown, fine-grained laminated sandstone and siltstone with abundant Skolithos and Cruziana sp. In contrast, the Ordovician-Silurian Naqus Formation and its subsurface equivalents (Kohla Formation and Basur Formation) are mainly composed of white, unfossiliferous, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones with haphazardly distributed pebbles and cobbles. Sedimentological analysis indicates that the Araba Formation and its equivalents were deposited in a marginal-marine environment, whereas the Naqus Formation and its equivalents were laid down in a fluvio-glacial environment. Integrated stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Lower Paleozoic rocks permit reconstruction of the paleogeography of Egypt at that time. Egypt has been largely controlled since the Cambrian by the pre-existing structural framework of the pre-Phanerozoic basement rocks inherited from the Late Proterozoic Pan-African event. Additionally, sedimentation processes were controlled during Cambro-Ordovician times by tectonic movements, whereas glacio-eustatic control predominated during the Late Ordovician-Silurian Period. These studies suggest that most areas of Egypt were exposed lands with episodically transgression by epicontinental seas related to the paleo-Tethys. These lands formed a part of a stable subsiding shelf at the northern Gondwana margin.     

西太平洋深海沉积物古菌多样性分析

以提取并纯化的西太平洋深海沉积物DNA为模板,利用古菌PCR特异性引物扩增出样品中古菌的16S rDNA片段,构建其克隆文库,建立阳性克隆子RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymor-phism)酶切图谱。据酶切图谱对所获得的90个克隆进行测序,并与数据库中的序列进行比对,从而进行古菌的多样性和系统发育分析。结果表明,沉积物中扩增的16S rDNA古菌序列分别来自泉古生菌(Crenarchaeota)和广古生菌(Euryarchaeota),以Marine Benthic Group B (11.8%)、Marine Benthic Group D (13.6%)、Marine Crenarchaeotic Group (68.69%)为主。少量序列为South African Gold Mine Euryarchaeotic Group (1.07%)、Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeotic Group (1.61%)、UIIB（1.25%）、VALIII（1.79%）、Marine Benthic Group E (0.18%)。以上结果表明西太平洋深海沉积物中有丰富多样的古菌群落。     

聚球藻病毒研究进展

聚球藻是海洋浮游植物群落的优势组分,是全球碳循环的主要参与者和初级生产力的主要贡献者.聚球藻病毒对聚球藻有较高的致死率,聚球藻病毒对聚球藻的裂解对碳的生物地球化学循环有十分重要的作用.对聚球藻病毒的宿主、分类和生活方式作了简介,综述了聚球藻病毒研究方法、生态分布特征、遗传多样性与宿主的关系及其进展,评述了不同基因标记物在聚球藻病毒分子生态学应用上的优缺点,最后提出了聚球藻病毒的研究展望.旨在为海洋病毒生态学,海洋碳循环的研究提供参考.     

RSM－16H动测仪在面波法岩土体检测中的应用

对在岩土体检测中推广应用的新技术──瑞雷面波法作了简述，介绍了ＲＳＭ－１６Ｈ型动测仪对稳态和瞬态面波资料的处理实例，并提出了对该仪器在面波测量中的软件改进建议。     

NMC第二代中期数值预报系统误差的动力诊断

利用国家气象中心第二代中期数值预报模式计算了１月和７月的预报诊断量。计算结果表明,新一代模式在动力外强迫作用、辐射通量和对流参数化等物理过程方面的改进,使该模式的预报比第一代模式有了较大的改善,模式预报的系统误差明显减小。通过对角动量、热量和水汽的经向输送和收支平衡的分析,认为该模式在地形处理、陆面过程、云辐射和积云对流参数化等物理过程还有待进一步改进。     

AE31黑碳仪磁盘操作系统引发的故障原因及分析

本文对AE31黑碳仪磁盘操作系统引发的故障现象进行了描述并找到了故障原因,通过对FAT16与FAT32文件操作系统的分析与对比,确定了FAT16分区引导扇区段的根目录项数（Root Entries）限制了文件的存储上限,导致了磁盘故障报警,并提出了解决方法。     

基于涡动相关通量观测的农田蒸散发产品精度验证

高精度的农田蒸散发(ET)对于田间尺度精准的水分平衡量化和水分亏缺研究具有重要意义,对农业精准灌溉和农田水分利用效率提高具有实用价值。本研究利用全球共计28个农田站点的涡动相关系统(EC)通量观测数据,对500 m空间分辨率8 d时间分辨率的MOD16和PML-V2两种遥感蒸散发产品,进行了对比分析与精度评估。评估结果表明,PML-V2 ET产品与EC观测ET相比,均方根误差(RMSE)变化范围为3.3—22.4 mm/8 d,平均偏差(bias)变化范围为-15.98—13.27 mm/8 d;MOD16 ET产品与EC观测ET相比,RMSE变化范围为3.81—21.47 mm/8 d,bias变化范围为-16.42—15.05 mm/8 d。整体而言,两种产品精度相当,MOD16产品低估8 d ET(bias:-2.31 mm/8 d,R²:0.452,RMSE:8.82 mm/8 d),PML-V2产品略高估8 d ET (bias:0.51 mm/8 d,R²:0.455,RMSE:8.81 mm/8 d);PML-V2产品在18个站...     

基因决定你是否快乐

为什么你感到没有别人快乐？ 答案可能就在你的基因里。英国爱丁堡大学和澳大利亚昆士兰医学研究所的心理学家发现,一个人是否快乐决定于性格特征,而性格又在很大程度上取决于遗传因素以及他的生活环境。