A new hypothesis about the surface circulation in the eastern basin of the mediterranean sea

In time, the circulation of the Atlantic Water (AW) in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea has been described differently, according to two major representations. The historical one, which began with the scheme from Nielsen in 1912 and has been refined up to the 1980s, favours a counterclockwise circulation in the whole basin, with AW flowing in its southern part as a broad flow off Libya and Egypt (from the Ionian to the Levantine subbasins), then continuing along Middle-East and Turkey before flowing back westwards. The more recent one, issued in the 1990s, favours a clockwise circulation in the northern part of the Ionian continuing offshore across the basin from the Cretan to the central part of the Levantine as the so-called “Mid-Mediterranean Jet”. This jet is depicted then as splitting both clockwise in the southeastern part of the basin and counterclockwise off Turkey (where this representation agrees with the former). Because the recent representation cannot be considered as a refinement of the historical ones, we have been interested in understanding why a given data set available to everybody is interpreted in such different ways.In the Algerian subbasin, the combined use of satellite infrared images and a significant amount of in situ data sets (hydrology and both Eulerian and Lagrangian current measurements) allowed us to solve a similar controversy. Therefore, we examined the circulation features in the eastern basin, undertaking the detailed analysis of 1000 daily and weekly composite images spanning the period 1996–2000, and of monthly composite images available since 1985. Whenever in situ observations were available, we have confronted them with the satellite thermal signatures and have shown that both are consistent. This paper focuses on the overall (basin scale) results while the detailed ones are published in an other paper. The new scheme we propose is basically a refined version of the historical ones: the circulation of AW is counterclockwise in the whole eastern basin but it is more constrained alongslope than previously thought, and the broadening historically schematised appears to be due to intense mesoscale eddies mainly generated by the instability of this circulation.     

张八岭地区岩群出露年代研究

暴露岩石中宇生核素的浓度与暴露年代、侵蚀速率相关,暴露年代和侵蚀速率可相互求证,但两者均为未知数时,可求算出最大侵蚀速率和最小暴露年代。据此得出张八岭地区的最大侵蚀速率为7 12m/Ma,最小暴露年代为(85700±1500)a,这一年代远小于统一夷平面的形成年代(7～3 6Ma),造成这种差距的主要原因是:①张八岭地区侵蚀速率大,岩石中宇生核素的浓度较早达到平衡,即达到该地区的测年上限;②采样地区曾被土壤覆盖,造成计算年代值过于年轻。     

深圳地区季节风特征研究

本研究利用深圳地区8个沿海、陆地自动气象站2007年6月1日至2017年6月1日11年的小时风速观测数据,按不同季节对各站历史阵风观测进行特征分析研究,并计算比较各站的阵风系数。结果表明,沿海气象自动站四季风力观测普遍高于陆地自动站的风力;8个气象台站在夏、秋季受台风影响的最大阵风大于冬春之际受冷空气影响的最大阵风。各台站中,距离海岸最近的港口码头气象站,盐田港、妈湾港、蛇口码头具有最小的阵风系数;随着离海岸距离的增加,气象站的阵风系数变大,即距海岸线远的气象站的大风更具阵性特点。各台站中背仔角与盐田港是大风记录最为频繁的气象站,历史上受台风影响下的最大阵风达到了12级以上,最大平均风分别达到了9级和10级。进一步的大风个例分析结果表明,相比较台风、冷空气条件下的大风,深圳地区强对流天气引发大风更具有阵性的特征,大风发生地点更随机。本研究可以为不同季节条件下深圳地区的风力预测和风险评估提供指导。     

1：10000地形图航摄成图内业质量控制方法研究

介绍了1∶10 000地形图航摄成图内业生产质量控制的方法,并以实际工作为依据,对该方法进行了详细阐述。同时,还介绍了元数据的生产和质量自动控制方法。     

Influence of traffic emissions on the composition of atmospheric particles of different sizes—Part 2: SEM–EDS characterization

In urban areas traffic is the major contributor to atmospheric particulate matter and exposure to these particles currently represents a serious risk to human health. The attention has been recently focused more on the particles of smaller sizes (PM_2.5) which penetrate deeper in respiratory system causing severe health effects. Therefore, more information on PM_2.5 should be provided, namely concerning morphological and chemical characterization. Aiming further evaluation of the impact of traffic emissions on public health, this work evaluated the influence of traffic on the chemical and morphological characteristics of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, collected at one site influenced by traffic emissions and at one reference site. Chemical and morphological characteristics of 1,000 individual particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM–EDS). Cluster analysis (CA) was used to identify different types of particles that occurred in PM, aiming the identification of the respective emission sources. Traffic PM_2.5 were dominated by particles composed of Fe oxides and alloys (67%) which were related to traffic emissions (this percentage was 3.7 times higher than at the background site); in PM_2.5–10 the abundance of Fe oxides and alloys were 20% and 0% for the traffic and background sites, respectively. Background PM_2.5 were mainly constituted by aluminum silicates (63%) related to natural sources (this percentage was 2.5 times higher than at the traffic site); the abundances of aluminum silicates in PM_2.5–10 were 74% and 73% for traffic and background sites, respectively. It was concluded that traffic emissions were mainly present in PM_2.5 (the percentage of particles associated to these emissions was 3.4 times higher than in PM_2.5–10), while coarse particles were dominated by material of natural origin (the percentage of particles associated was 1.2 and 3.0 times higher than in PM_2.5 for traffic and background sites, respectively). Previous results obtained by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) were consistent with SEM–EDS analysis that showed to be very useful to complement elemental analysis of different PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10.     

气候平均场中的西太平洋副热带高压双脊线特征及其与季风槽准10天振荡的关系

副热带高压双脊线过程几乎历年均存在,其“季节锁相”与地域性使得在气候平均场上西太平洋副热带地区也存在明显的双脊线过程。作者利用43年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对5～10月气候平均场中的西太平洋副热带高压双脊线过程进行了分析。气候平均场上5～10月西太平洋副热带高压共出现6次双脊线过程,集中发生在7月下旬至9月下旬,表明每年这个时段最易发生双脊线事件。每次双脊线过程均表现为副高南侧新生一脊线,发展几天后就减弱消失,北侧脊线（原脊线）继续维持。初步的诊断分析表明,6次双脊线过程中南侧脊线的生成与季风槽8～10天周期的“间歇性增强东伸”密切相关,这一准10天振荡在7月下旬至9月下旬的突然增强造就了双脊线的“季节锁相”。进一步分析发现,季风槽8～10天的“间歇性增强东伸”与两支分别来自西太平洋的西传准10天振荡和来自赤道的北传准10天振荡有关,这两支振荡同位相,其有利于位相同时传入南海季风区（10°N～15°N,110°E～120°E）,共同作用,引起季风槽的“间歇性增强东伸”。     

Using the OSPM Model on Pollutant Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon

An observational campaign was conducted in the street canyon of Zhujiang Road in Nanjing city in 2007.Hourly mean concentrations of PM10 were measured at street and roof levels.The Operational Street Pollution Model(OSPM)street canyon dispersion model was used to calculate the street concentrations and the results were compared with the measurements.The results show that there is good agreement between measured and predicted concentrations.The correlation coecient R2 values(R2 is a measure of the correlation of the predicted and measured time series of concentrations)are 0.5319,0.8044,and 0.6630 for the scatter plots of PM10 corresponding to light wind speed conditions,higher wind speed conditions,and all wind speed conditions,respectively.PM10 concentrations tend to be smaller for the higher wind speed cases and decrease rapidly with increasing wind speed.The presentations of measured and modelled concentration dependence on wind direction show fairly good agreement.PM10 concentrations measured on the windward side are relatively smaller,compared with the corresponding results for the leeward side.This study demonstrates that it is possible to use the OSPM to model PM10 dispersion rules for an urban street canyon.     

黄土中宇宙成因核素10Be示踪古地磁场变化研究进展

宇宙成因核素10Be示踪古地磁场的研究在海洋和冰芯研究中得到了广泛应用,然而受黄土来源及沉降过程的复杂性制约,运用中国黄土10Be示踪古地磁场变化的研究直到近年来才取得突破进展.综述了黄土10Be的研究现状并指出将其应用于地磁场示踪研究存在的关键问题,重点介绍了为分离黄土10Be浓度记录所包含的气候因素和地磁场影响因素而建立的LGM分离方法、剩磁矫顽力估算模型方法和"平均值概念"方法.各种创新数理方法的建立基本解决了黄土10Be示踪古地磁场的科学难题,使黄土10Be示踪古地磁场变化研究成为可能.     

三明市PM10浓度突变及影响因子

利用2004—2007年三明市主要大气污染物PM10的监测值及气象因子(气压、风速、温度、湿度、降水、蒸发量)观测资料,以及同期08:00 850 hPa天气图资料,定量分析了PM10的突变特征以及突变与气象因子的相关关系。结果表明:PM10突变事件有明显的季节性特征,冬、春季节发生突变的概率较大;当地面气象要素场出现气压下降、风速减小、相对湿度下降、降水量减小而温度上升、蒸发量加大的配置时,PM10易发生正突变,当出现气压上升、风速加大、相对湿度上升、降水量增加而温度下降、蒸发量减小的配置时,PM10易发生负突变;当受大陆高压后部、暖区辐合系统影响时,PM10发生正突变的概率较高,受大陆高压前部、切变线系统影响时,PM10发生负突变的概率较高。