庐枞LZSD-1孔科学钻孔钻头选择与使用

受中国地质科学院地质研究所的委托,安徽省地质矿产勘查局313地质队承担《华东庐枞盆地科学钻探选址预研究》3000m科学钻探工程任务,该钻孔为大陆科学钻探选址预研究项目中6个钻孔之一,主要目的是通过钻探揭示和验证与成矿有关的岩体、基底、盖层的空间分布,建立地壳结构模型和异常解释的标尺,为大陆万米钻探提供选址依据。本文主要介绍了在施工过程中的钻头选用情况,仅供同行参考。     

渤海蓬莱9-1中生代花岗岩体岩石地球化学特征及其区域构造意义

蓬莱9-1花岗岩体是渤海海域首次发现的中生代花岗岩,鉴于渤海海域在华北克拉通中的重要构造位置,该花岗岩的形成时代和成因机制的研究对区域构造研究具有重大意义。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明该花岗岩体形成于中侏罗世160~165Ma。花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,为准铝质-过铝质花岗岩;富Al_2O_3(14.84%~17.19%)和Sr(485×10~(-6)~909×10~(-6)),贫Y(0.66×10~(-6)~1.39×10~(-6))和Yb(小于2.0×10~(-6)),无铕的负异常,多数样品表现为铕的弱正异常,表现出C-型埃达克岩特征。表明渤海地区在160~165Ma期间处于挤压地壳增厚环境下,以地壳减薄为标志的克拉通破坏过程彼时尚未发生,其区域动力学环境可能仍处于华北板块-华南板块碰撞拼接的影响范围内。     

乌兰哈达变质岩地层地热勘探井钻头选择与取心工艺

内蒙古自治区察右后旗乌兰哈达苏木地热勘探井井深2006.87 m。采用石油30型钻机施工,钻遇地层大部分为变质岩,达1500 m以上,对牙轮钻头损坏严重,同时施工要求进行18次岩心采取。经过对钻头的试用、选择,最后选用HJ637G型牙轮钻头,钻进时效可达0.8～1.2 m,使用寿命可达到80～100 h。取心段采用川7-4型双管单动取心筒配合金刚石钻头,岩心采取率可达70%～95%。     

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis) TRAF6基因克隆及其在Poly I:C胁迫下的免疫应答

对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)转录组文库筛选并克隆得到青蛤TRAF6(Cs TRAF6)基因的c DNA序列,其开放阅读框为2337bp,编码778个氨基酸,分子量为86.59k Da。Cs TRAF6蛋白包含RING型锌指结构,两个TRAF型锌指结构,coiled-coil结构域以及MATH结构域。经生物信息学及分子系统学分析表明Cs TRAF6属于TRAF6家族的一员。利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测了Cs TRAF6基因在青蛤各个组织以及在Poly I:C侵染下在血淋巴中的时序性表达情况。结果表明,Cs TRAF6基因在青蛤血淋巴、闭壳肌、鳃、性腺、外套膜和肝脏中普遍表达,其中在血淋巴中的表达水平最高。在Poly I:C刺激后的3h,青蛤血淋巴中Cs TRAF6的表达量迅速升高,在6h达到最大值,说明青蛤的Cs TRAF6基因参与了病毒类似物侵染下的免疫应答反应。     

基于HJ-1A/1B的2014年黄海海域浒苔灾害时空分布

自2007年以来, 黄海海域每年的5月初～8月中下旬浒苔(Ulva prolifera)会周期性地暴发与消亡,导致海洋生态环境被破坏以及经济损失。利用2014 年的HJ-1A/1B遥感影像, 利用神经网络监督分类及RULE规则影像重分类动态阈值法, 对2014年的浒苔的漂移路径、各时期影响的海域面积、分布面积以及暴发高峰期的最大面积进行了动态监测。结果表明, 2014年浒苔持续时间为101 d, 5月中旬开始在江苏省盐城市近海出现零星斑点, 分布面积为2.299 km², 影响面积为1 744.799 km²; 6月初到6月中旬浒苔广泛分布于黄海海域, 分布面积扩大至1 367.145 km², 达到当年的峰值; 从6月下旬开始, 浒苔进入衰退期, 浒苔分布面积、相对聚集密度均急剧缩小, 但影响面积的峰值出现在该时期; 8月初消亡于青岛附近海岸, 8月20日遥感影像已难以监测到浒苔的存在。2014年黄海海域浒苔经过了“出现—发展—暴发—衰退—消亡”5个发展阶段。     

青藏高原东北部降尘通量及粒度特征分析

青藏高原东北缘是柴达木沙尘暴东移的必经之道和沉降区,对青藏高原东北部降尘时空分异特征进行分析,有助于认识青藏高原区域粉尘输送的现代过程和机制。2013年12月至2015年5月分别在青海湖小泊湖(XBH)、西宁多巴(DB)、西宁青海师大科技楼顶(KJLD)设置降尘缸,进行湿法收集。对其降尘通量和粒度特征进行了时空分异特征分析,结果显示,1)西宁地区2014年降尘通量为442~542 g/m~2·a,青海湖XBH采集点指示的2014年降尘通量为415 g/m~2·a,降尘通量年际变化较大,各站点降尘通量季节变化趋势一致,降尘主要集中在冬春季,夏季降尘通量最低;2)各站点降尘粒度组成特征非常相似,以粉砂为主(4~63μm),西宁地区尘暴与非尘暴降尘粒度频率曲线呈近似正态分布,尘暴期间降尘粒径较非尘暴时段大;3)XBH、DB和KJLD 3点所有样品平均粒径分别为37μm、34μm和31μm,中值粒径分别为31μm、27μm和26μm;对比低海拔兰州尘暴粒径特征,发现降尘粒径存在一定的海拔依赖性,即粒度随海拔增高逐渐变粗。     

Laboratory Study for Influence of Clay Content (CC) on Wave-Induced Liquefaction in Marine Sediments

In this artice, the influence of clay content on the wave-induced liquefaction in marine sediments was reported. The one-dimensional (1-D) equipment was setup with a vertical cylinder and 1.8–m–thick clayey sandy deposit and 0.2–m–thick water above the deposit. Unlike the previous experimental study for a single soil layer, this study used sand-kaolin mixtures, sand-illite mixtures, and sand-bentonite mixtures as the experimental samples. A series of experiments with 3,000 wave cycles in each test were conducted under numerous wave and soil conditions, which allowed us to examine the influence of clay content (CC) on wave-induced liquefaction in marine sediments. The experimental results showed that the clayey sandy deposit will become prone to liquefaction with the increase of CC when CC is less than a critical value, which depends on the type of clay. However, when CC is greater than the critical value, liquefaction depth will decrease as CC increases. Furthermore, when the CC value reaches a certain level, liquefaction will not occur. For example, no liquefaction occurs when CC ≥ 33% for both kaolin-sand and illite-sand mixtures and CC ≥ 16.36% for bentonite-sand mixtures.     

Dynamics and role of the Durban cyclonic eddy in the KwaZulu-Natal Bight ecosystem

The semi-permanent Durban Eddy is a mesoscale, lee-trapped, cold-core cyclonic circulation that occurs off the east coast of South Africa between Durban in the north and Sezela, some 70 km to the south. When present, strong north-eastward countercurrents reaching 100 cm s^–1 are found inshore. It is hypothesised that the cyclone is driven by the strong south-westward flowing Agulhas Current offshore of the regressing shelf edge near Durban. Analysis of ADCP data and satellite imagery shows the eddy to be present off Durban approximately 55% of the time, with an average lifespan of 8.6 days, and inter-eddy periods of 4 to 8 days. After spin-up the eddy breaks loose from its lee position and propagates downstream on the inshore boundary of the Agulhas Current. The eddy is highly variable in occurrence, strength and downstream propagation speeds. There is no detectable seasonal cycle in eddy occurrence, with the Natal Pulse causing more variability than any seasonal signal. A thermistor array deployed in the eddy centre, together with ship CTD data, indicates upward doming of the thermal structure in the eddy core associated with cooler water and nutrients being moved higher in the water column, stimulating primary production. Together with the use of satellite imagery, our findings indicate a second mechanism of upwelling, viz. divergent upwelling in the northern limb of the eddy. Satellite-tracked surface drifters released in the eddy demonstrated the potential for nutrient-rich eddy water to be transported northwards along the inshore regions of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Bight, thus contributing to the functioning of the bight ecosystem, as well as southwards along the KZN and Transkei coasts – both by the eddy migrating downstream and by eddy water being recirculated into the inshore boundary of the Agulhas Current itself.     

从成岩-蚀变特征探讨塔深1井白云岩储层成因

塔深1井钻遇的寒武系地层属于中寒武统阿瓦塔格组和上寒武统丘里塔格下亚群。阿瓦塔格组以灰色-深灰色粉晶-细晶藻白云岩为主,丘里塔格下亚群以灰色-浅灰色晶粒结构白云岩与残余亮晶结构白云岩为主。藻白云岩在阴极发光下以明亮的中等强度砖红色-桔黄色为主要特点,具有相对偏重的δ18O值(-6.3‰~-4.5‰,平均为-5.3‰,VPDB)、相对较高的稀土总量以及与正常海相碳酸盐岩相似的稀土配分样式。晶粒白云岩与残余亮晶结构白云岩在阴极发光下以偏暗的中等强度蓝紫色-砖红色为主要特点,具有相对偏轻的δ18O值(-9.2‰~-5.7‰,平均为-7.5‰,VPDB)、相对偏低的稀土总量、Eu正异常与重稀土明显亏损为特点的稀土配分模式。阿瓦塔格组和丘里塔格下亚群白云岩在上述岩石学特征和地球化学特征上的差异表明储层发育的成岩-蚀变过程存在差异。研究认为,埋藏较深的阿瓦塔格组优质储层的形成受多种因素控制,其中准同生期大气淡水作用下石膏结核的溶解及非稳定碳酸盐矿物的溶解奠定了基础,后期成岩改造及流体作用进行了强化,局部遭充填破坏。     

Role of heterogeneities in jointing (fracturing) of geological media: Numerical analysis of fracture mechanisms

Fracture process is investigated using finite-difference simulations with a new constitutive model. It is shown that both geometry and fracture mechanism itself depend on the preexisting heterogeneities that are stress concentrators. In the brittle regime (low pressure, P), Mode-I fractures propagate normal to the least stress σ₃ from the imposed weak zones. At high P, shear deformation bands are formed oblique to σ₃. At intermediate values of P, the fracture process involves both shear banding and tensile cracking and results in the initiation and propagation of pure dilation bands. The propagating band tip undulates, reacting on the failure mechanism changes, but its global orientation is normal to σ₃. The σ₃-normal fractures are joints. There are thus two types of joints resulting from Mode-I cracking and dilation banding, respectively. The obtained numerical results are in good agreement with and explain the results from previous similar experimental study.