Ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation of asphaltenes and oil-source correlation of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields in the Tarim Basin, NW China

The identification of marine source rocks in the Tarim Basin is debated vigorously. The intention of this paper is to investigate the asphahenes in heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields and Well TD2 with ruthenium-ions-catalyzed oxidation technique (RICO), in order to explore its role in oil-oil and oil-source correlations, The RICO products included n-alkanoic acids, α,ω-di-n-alkanoic acids, branched alkanoic acids, tricyclic terpanoic acids, hopanoic acids, gammacerane carboxylic acid , regular sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids. The n-alkyl chains and biomarkers bounded on the asphaltenes were of unsusceptibility to biodegradation. The distribution and absolute concentrations of n-alkanoic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields are different from those of Well TD2. The biomarkers bounded on the asphahenes, especially steranes, have a distribution trend similar to that of the counterparts in saturates. The sterane carboxylic acids and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids in the RICO products of heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields, dominated by C30 sterane and C31 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids, respectively, are significantly different from those of the heavy oils of Well TD2, whose dominating sterane and 4-methylsterane carboxylic acids are C28 sterane and C29 4-methylsterane acids, respectively. The RICO products of the asphaltenes further indicate that the Middle-Upper Ordovician may be the main source rocks for heavy oils from the Lunnan and Tabe oilfields.     

Numerical Modeling of Basin-Range Tectonics Related to Continent-Continent Collision

Continent-continent collision is the most important driving mechanism for the occurrence of various geological processes in the continental lithosphere. How to recognize and determine continent-continent collision,especially its four-dimensional temporal-spatial evolution, is a subject that geological communities have long been concerned about and studied. Continent-continent collision is mainly manifested by strong underthrnsting (subduction) of the underlying block along an intracontinental subduction zone and continuous obduction (thrusting propagation) of the overlying block along the intracontinental subduction zone, the occurrence of a basin-range tectonic framework in a direction perpendicular to the subduction zone and the flexure and disruption of the Moho. On the basis of numerical modeling, the authors discuss in detail the couplings between various amounts and rates of displacement caused by basin subsidence, mountain uplift and Moho updoming and downflexure during obduction (thrusting propagation) and subduction and the migration pattern of basin centers. They are probably indications or criteria for judgment or determination of continent-continent collision.     

钻孔灌注桩后压浆作用机理与应用

通过对桩侧和桩底后压浆,可大幅度提高钻孔灌注桩单桩承载力.应用桩-土理论分析了后压浆中浆液对土体及桩体的作用,并从分析影响桩基承载力的因素出发,研究了后压浆的作用机理.在渗透率小的地层中后压浆以压密注浆为主,在渗透率大的地层中后压浆以渗透注浆为主.为避免过分压裂土层,在压浆过程中应控制灌浆压力.压浆量是影响后压浆质量和提高单桩承载力的关键因素之一.     

1∶25万吐错幅、江爱达日那幅、黑虎岭幅、多格错仁幅地质调查成果与进展

地层古生物方面,在原鲁谷组灰岩和火山岩层位之下新发现一套以类复理石沉积为主的深水沉积物,特别是“冰水杂砾岩”;解体了测区南部前泥盆系“戈木日群”浅变质岩系,大部分厘定为二叠系;新发现一套出露较完整的三叠系地层剖面;南羌塘新建3个组级岩石地层单位。构造方面,“中央隆起带”是龙木错双湖构造带的一部分;测区双湖构造混杂岩带的南北边界均为大型韧性剪切带所分割;新发现上三叠统若拉岗日群岛弧相火山岩;测区南北向新构造调查取得重要进展。油气资源方面,新发现较大规模的沥青脉和几处稠油、油页岩显示点。     

1∶25万亚热幅、普兰县幅、霍尔巴幅、巴巴扎东幅(国内部分)地质调查成果与进展

在雅鲁藏布江南带分区蹬岗组之上新发现硅质岩与玄武岩两套地层,分别新建为郭雅拉组和盐多组,时代为始新世;在北带分区嘎学组之下发现一套砂岩、页岩的韵律层,新建为桑果组;建立了仲巴分区泥盆纪系马攸木群,分上、中、下3个组和4个岩性;对石炭纪地层新命名为康拓组和拉沙组;将下二叠统变质玄武岩命名为才巴弄组;将原划冈仁波齐组中下部与沃马组下部地层新命名为旦增竹康组,时代为中新世,其上部地层仍为沃马组,时代为上新世,两组合称岗仁波齐群。进一步证实了雅鲁藏布江缝合带具两带夹一微陆的特点,南带在中侏罗世发生过双向俯冲事件。对蛇绿岩、混杂岩进行详细划分。     

1∶25万那曲县幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面,将测区地层划分为冈底斯腾冲地层区和班公错 怒江结合带,班公湖 怒江结合带中又划分出聂荣微地块和觉翁 余拉山 下秋卡混杂带两个小区;按变质岩调查方法解体了聂荣地块;对原大面积分布的拉贡塘组进行了有效的解体;新建立嘎加组;恢复了郭曲群;将木嘎岗日岩群解体出3个岩组。岩石方面,在测区南部新发现了一套晚二叠世—早三叠世蛇绿岩。构造方面,构造单元表现为各组 下秋卡结合带和桑雄那曲 麦地卡板片的构造格局;新发现达仁乡夺列蛇绿岩体。     

1∶25万色达县幅、阿坝县幅地质调查成果与进展

着重调查了以阿坝盆地为代表的青藏高原东缘新生代盆地的形成演化及其环境变化,新建立了若干生物组合;对第四纪冰川堆积物进行了比较细致的研究,初步建立了气候地层单位;首次于壤塘县曼迪乡上三叠统侏倭组的滑塌堆积层中,采获异地埋葬珊瑚群化石,建立三叠纪双壳类两个生物带;调查了侏倭组、新都桥组、如年各组3个岩石地层单元基本层序、剖面韵律结构及沉积构造;获得若末柯火山岩和小石头山花岗岩Rb Sr等时线年龄。     

1∶25万福贡县幅、丽江市幅、腾冲县幅、大理市幅、潞西市幅、凤庆县幅地质调查成果与进展

认为牛井山蛇绿构造混杂岩与铜厂街蛇绿岩相当;新建石鼓蛇绿构造混杂岩;沿怒江断裂带多处发现硅质岩、浅变质玄武岩及砂板岩复理石建造;澜沧江构造带东侧发现大量火山岩;结晶基底中有大量变形变质古老花岗岩类。     

青藏高原康西瓦—狮泉河地区1∶100万区域重力调查成果与进展

提供岩石磁性参数统计表、各地层岩石密度统计表和布格重力异常图,并做初步分析。     

沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型的证明及其应用——从土体本构关系

从土体本构关系出发,严格证明了在线性加载或近似线性加载情况下(这和岩土工程实际加载相类似),沉降-时间曲线呈“S”型,并由此建立了新的沉降-时间预测模型,工程应用证明了该模型的合理性。