Geochemistry of mafic rocks and melt inclusions and their implications for the heat source of the 14.0°S hydrothermal field,South Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Fresh rocks sampled from the 14.0°S hydrothermal field of the South Atlantic Ridge can be divided into two categories： olivine-gabbro and basalt. The olivine-gabbro is composed mainly of three types of minerals： olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, while a multitude of melt inclusions occur in the plagioclase phenocrysts of the basalts. We analyzed the whole-rock, major and trace elements contents of the basaks, the mineral chemistry of phenocrysts and melt inclusions in the basalts, and the mineral chemistry of olivine-clinopyroxene-plagioclase in the olivine-gabbro, then simulated magma evolution within the crust using the COMAGMAT program. The whole-rock geochemistry shows that all the basalts exhibit typical N-MORB characteristics. In addition, the mineral chemistry characteristics of the olivine-gabbro （low-Fo olivine, low-Mg# clinopyroxene, high-TiO2 clinopyroxene, low-An plagioclase）, show that strong magma differentiation occurred within the crust. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies between those minerals and phenocrysts in the basalts （high-Fo olivine, high-An plagioclase） reflect the heterogeneity of magma differentiation. High Mg# （-~0.72） melt inclusions isobaric partial crystallization simulations suggest that the magma differentiation occurred at the depth shallower than 13.03 km below the seafloor, and both the vertical differentiation column shows distinct discrepancies from that of a steady-state magma chamber. Instead, a series of independent magma intrusions probably occurred within the crust, and their corresponding crystallized bodies, as the primary high-temperature thermal anomalies within the off-axis crust, probably act as the heat source for the development of the 14.0°S hydrothermal system.     

Mineral characteristics and their geological significance of black shales in southeastern Ordos Basin by X-ray diffraction analysis

X-ray diffraction analysis of black shale of Upper Triassic Member Chang 7 of the Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin showed that black shales were deposited in brackish, strongly reducing, semi-deep-deep lacustrine facies, and mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, carbonate （dolomite）, clay minerals （illite and il- lite/smectite） and a certain amount of pyrite. The mineral composition characteristics of this set of black shales are similar to those of highly productive shale gas in North America, for example shallow burial, low clay mineral and abundant brittle mineral, so the strata are conducive to the development of cracks and fractures. Thus, this area is favorable for shale oil/gas exploration and development.     

Correlation analysis and partial least square modeling to quantify typical minerals with Chang＇E-3 visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer＇s ground validation data

In 2013, Chang＇E-3 program will develop lunar mineral resources in-situ detection. A Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS） has been selected as one payload of CE-3 lunar rover to achieve this goal. It is critical and urgent to evaluate VNIS＇ spectrum data quality and validate quantification methods for mineral composition before its launch. Ground validation experiment of VNIS was carried out to complete the two goals, by simulating CE-3 lunar rover＇s detection environment on lunar surface in the laboratory. Based on the hyperspectral reflectance data derived, Correlation Analysis and Partial Least Square （CA-PLS） algorithm is applied to predict abundance of four lunar typical minerals （pyroxene, plagioclase, ilmenite and olivine） in their mixture. We firstly selected a set of VNIS＇ spectral parameters which highly correlated with minerals＇ abundance by correlation analysis （CA）, and then stepwise regression method was used to find out spectral parameters which make the largest contri- butions to the mineral contents. At last, functions were derived to link minerals＇ abundance and spectral parameters by partial least square （PLS） algorithm. Not considering the effect of maturity, agglutinate and Fe~, we found that there are wonderful correlations between these four minerals and VNIS＇ spectral parameters, e.g. the abundance of pyroxene correlates positively with the mixture＇s absorption depth, the value of absorption depth added as the in- creasing of pyroxene＇s abundance. But the abundance of plagioclase correlates negatively with the spectral parame- ters of band ratio, the value of band ratio would decrease when the abundance of plagioclase increased. Similar to plagioclase, the abundance of ilmenite and olivine has a negative correlation with the mixture＇s reflectance data, if the abundance of ilmenite or olivine increase, the reflectance values of the mixture will decrease. Through model validation, better estimates of pyroxene, plagioclase and ilmenite＇s abundances are given. It is concluded that VNIS has the capability to be applied on lunar minerals＇ identification, and CA-PLS algorithm has the potential to be used on lunar surface＇s in-situ detection for minerals＇ abundance prediction.     

Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, During the Lastdeglacial: Weathering, Erosion and Vegetation Cover Affect Clay Mineral Formation

With the analysis of the sources and formation mechanism of the clay minerals in the sediment core from the Dalianhai lake in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau,clay mineral composition proxies,grain-size and carbonate contents have been employed for high-resolution study in order to reconstruct East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） over the northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau during the lastdeglacial.The study also extended to establish a relationship between vegetation cover changes and erosion during the last 14.5 ka with pollen record and clay mineral proxies.Smectite/kaolinite and smectite/（illite＋chlorite） ratios allow us to assess hydrolysis conditions in lowlands and/or physical erosion process in highlands of the Gonghe Basin.Before 12.9 Cal ka BP,both mineralogical ratios show low values indicative of strong physical erosion in the basin with a dominant cold and dry phase.After 12.9 Cal ka BP,an increase in both mineralogical ratios indicates enhanced chemical weathering in the basin associated with a warm and humid climate.The beginning of Holocene is characterized by high smectite/（illite＋chlorite） and smectite/kaolinite ratios that is synchronous as with deposition of many peat laminae,implying the best warm and humid conditions specifically between 8.0 to 5.5 Cal ka BP.The time interval after 5.0 Cai ka BP is characterized by a return to high physical erosion and low chemical weathering with dry climate conditions in the basin.Comparing variations of clay mineral assemblages with previous pollen results,we observe a rapid response in terms of chemical weathering and physical erosion intensity to a modification of the vegetation cover in the basin.     

城镇周边土壤中含铅矿物的环境意义

通过对长江下游南京至苏州一带铅污染土壤中含铅矿物的鉴定识别和来源分析,确定土壤中铅的来源,既有附近含铅矿床开采过程中带出的含铅矿物,也有人为叠加的成分。作为相对稳定的含铅矿物,方铅矿、白铅矿和人工含铅颗粒含量越高,土壤中有效态铅所占比例就越低。对Pb异常土壤中含Pb矿物的研究,可以解释土壤与农作物籽实中铅含量间的复杂关系,同时也可以为生态地球化学评价标准和预测预警方案的制定提供参考。     

茶尖岭矿区M28异常分布区银多金属矿源条件浅析

茶尖岭矿区M28异常分布区银多金属矿的形成与燕山期中酸性浅成岩浆岩有空间、成因联系,属于浅成热液矿床中的矽卡岩型成因。银多金属的成矿是热液活动、构造作用的产物,根据地层中元素的初始含量及矿源岩来阐明该异常分布区银多金属矿源条件。初步分析认为,板岩类及闪长玢岩为M28异常分布区的矿源岩,该异常分布区地层中银多金属元素的初始含量较高,该异常分布区银多金属成矿的矿源条件比较好。     

《福建地质》征稿

《福建地质》创刊于1982年,系福建省地质矿产勘查开发局主管的综合性学术期刊（季刊）,国内外公开发行,出版日期为每季季末。主要刊登内容为基础地质（包括地层、岩石矿物、古生物、构造地质、区域地质）、矿产地质、工程地质、水文地质、地球物理、地球化学、环境地质、遥感地质等研究成果。     

《矿产与地质》(双月刊)投稿须知

正《矿产与地质》(双月刊)是经国家新闻出版总署批准,由中国有色金属工业协会主管,中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司主办,全国公开发行的地质类学术刊物。《矿产与地质》(双月刊)的办刊宗旨是:着重报道有色地质行业生产、科研的最新成果和工作进展,同时兼顾非金属矿产及矿物材料的研究成果,对环境保护与地质灾害预测防治开展相应的报道,为广大地质科研、生产单位的地质工作者,以及相     

含碎石紫色土坡面降雨入渗和产流产沙过程

在室内土槽模拟降雨试验基础上,观测了具有不同碎石体积含量紫色土的降雨入渗地表产流产沙量以及细沟间径流和细沟径流的流速,以期建立碎石含量与土壤流失的定量关系。研究结果表明:土壤中碎石混合对降雨入渗有正负两方面的影响,当碎石含量为20%~30%时,碎石的存在增强土壤入渗能力,当碎石含量提高到30%时,土壤的入渗能力被削弱。土壤中碎石混合通过不同的作用机制对坡面细沟间径流流速和细沟径流流速产生不同的影响,随着碎石含量的增加,细沟间径流平均流速逐渐增加,细沟径流的平均流速逐渐降低。土壤中碎石混合通过改变土壤的物质组成和结构,增强土壤的抗蚀性和抗冲性,随着碎石含量的增加,径流含沙率和土壤流失量显著降低,土壤流失比与碎石含量呈极显著指数负相关关系。     

花岗岩上发育的亚热带红土岩石磁学特征

本文对发育于花岗岩上的两个亚热带红土剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学研究,测试了磁化率、频率磁化率、等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁、磁滞回线等常温磁学参数,选取代表性样品进行了高低温岩石磁学分析,拟探讨亚热带红土磁性矿物的特征及湿热环境下土壤中磁性矿物的转化规律。实验结果表明:亚热带红土的强磁性矿物为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿;弱磁性矿物为赤铁矿和针铁矿,滞水土层中含有纤铁矿。花岗岩具有较强的磁性,在其上发育的红土也因此具有较强的磁性。花岗岩中的亚铁磁性矿物的磁畴以多畴占主导地位,随着风化强度的增强,逐渐形成较细粒的超顺磁与单畴磁性矿物。亚热带红土中的磁赤铁矿与位于半干旱区黄土高原成土作用形成的磁赤铁矿存在着磁学性质上的差异,表现为具有更高的居里点(约600℃和640℃),可能说明亚热带红土中的磁赤铁矿粒径更粗。两个剖面在磁学性质上存在着明显的差异,泉州剖面磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,磁化率最高可达1823×10~(-8)m~3/kg,平均值为1033.1×10~(-8)m~3/kg,具有较低的剩磁矫顽力;福州剖面磁性矿物以磁铁矿和部分热稳定磁赤铁矿为主,磁化率最高为385.73×10~(-8)m~3/kg,平均值为91.5×10~(-8)m~3/kg。基于磁学参数分析,认为母质与后期成土作用共同造成了两个剖面的磁学性质差异,但后者起主导作用。磁化率在两个剖面中,均随着深度减小而减小,与温带地区表层土磁化率增强有很大区别。湿热环境条件下,强磁性矿物溶解或转化为弱磁性矿物的程度主导剖面磁化率变化。