Minerogenic Theory of the Superlarge Lop Nur Potash Deposit, Xinjiang, China

Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”.     

秦岭太白山1980年秋季的小气候特点

我们于1980年9月12日至10月1日在秦岭主峰太自山南北坡不同高度设置了四个测点进行小气侯观测。测点布置如图1所示。     

高山林线植物的光合作用--与刘鸿雁等先生商榷

随着海拔的升高,高山森林立地的气温逐渐降低,最终形成分布的不连续,林线就是森林分布的上线。温度与林线形成的关系非常密切,此外,水分状况、地形、土壤养分及其它干扰因素也影响林线的形成[1～3]。对林线的认识虽然存在一定的差异,但还是形成了许多相近的观点。从热带到极地,林线的海拔高度与纬度的变化呈负相关,林线林木生长季的长短也与纬度的变化呈负相关。在20°N、46°N和68°N,林线高度分别是海拔4000m(Orizaba)、2350m(Alps)和420m(NortherScandes),生长季分别有7～8个月、5个月左右和2～3个月。由于林线结构和功能特殊,引起了…     

高山峡谷区快速评价找矿靶区的化控方法技术

根据在滇西燕子洞矿段的化探方法技术试验研究结果，将水化学测量作为高山峡谷区靶区三级查证的方法，并对常规水系沉积物测量，土壤测量的工作方法进行了调整，试点测量结构表明，找矿效果良好，工作效率大幅度提高。     

超乎想象的壮丽 前所未见的中国 《航拍中国》第二季来袭 再来一场天际遨游

"我们的旅程从西北端的高原开始,然后深入高山峡谷,发现举世无双的人间仙境,翻越雪山,随滔滔江水,去见识一座奇迹般的古代工程……"不久前,暌别两年回归的高分纪录片《航拍中国》第二季在中央9套纪录频道正式播出,每集50分钟的云霄旅程,再次带领我们来了一场壮阔非凡的天际遨游。风光秀美的千岛湖、九曲黄河的第一湾、势恢宏的港珠澳大桥、高楼林立的城市中心……《航拍中国》第二季在创作上总体延续了第一季的基调和风格以及地点布局.     

无限风光百山祖

原始丛林,高山植被,动(植)物摇篮,百瀑雄姿……这些充满幽美野趣的风景,多少年来,一直都深藏在由福建武夷山余脉向东北伸展而成的一座苍苍莽莽的山峦之中.这座海拔1856米的山峰,就是号称"江浙第二高峰"的百山祖.     

关于经纬度位置的教学

地理环境具有区域差异性，包括从赤道到极地，从沿海到内陆的差异，以及高山地区垂直方向上的差异。地理位置（纬度位置、海陆位置）决定了地理环境，地理环境又影响了人们利用自然、改造自然的活动，决定农业、工业、交通运输、人口与城市分布等社会经济活动的特点。因此，在地理学科中，地理位置的判断是解决问题的关键。     

江西三清山花岗岩景观地貌的基本特征及其形成历史

三清山花岗岩体形成于燕山晚期，岩体侵位定位后又经历了大约50Ma的侵蚀和剥蚀，将上覆5000m的地层搬到南北两侧的断陷盆地中，形成白垩纪红色砂岩和砂砾岩地层，花岗岩体便出露地表。又经过大约50～60Ma的构造演化和地貌演变形成了目前海拔1000～1800m的玉京峰期壮年地面和1200～1300m的怀玉山期壮年地面。至距今2．4Ma以前的上新世，在这两期古地面上曾先后发育了红色风化壳。红色风化壳的底部形成了众多的石蛋。进入更新世，随着地壳的强列抬升和气候变冷，冰冻风化、块体运动和流水侵蚀，古地面上的沟谷迅速向下侵蚀，古地面受到切割、破坏，风化壳也被侵蚀掉，形成深切峡谷、悬崖峭壁和柱、峰林立的景观，在柱、峰顶部残存着一些花岗岩石蛋。这种海拔超过1500m，相对高差超过1000m的高山地貌巍为壮观，石柱、尖峰显得十分秀丽，这就是三清山式地貌——高山尖峰地貌的特色，是提供旅人欣赏的主要花岗岩景观地貌，也是需要人们切实保护的重要地质遗迹。     

Digital Spectra and Analysis of Altitudinal Belts in Tianshan Mountains, China

Based on the framework of the geo-info spectra of montane altitudinal belts, this paper firstly reviews six classification systems for the spectra of mountain altitudinal belts in China and considers that detailed regional study of altitudinal belts is the key for reaching standardization and systemization of mountain altitudinal belts. Only can this further identify and resolve problems with the study of altitudinal belts. The factors forming the spectra of altitudinal belts are analyzed in the Tianshan Mountains of China, and a digital altitudinal belt system is constructed for the northern flank, southern flank, the heartland, and Ili valley in the west. The characteristics of each belt are revealed with a summarization of the pattern of areal differentiation of altitudinal belts.