云岗盆地晚中生代沉积-火山充填序列及其构造意义

利用凝灰岩夹层及安山岩的锆石U-Pb同位素测年,对云岗盆地晚中生代地层充填序列的关键时限进行了限定。结合地层接触关系、安山岩的地球化学特征,分析了重点地质界面的构造意义。取得了以下主要认识:(1)早中侏罗世,盆地为一套湖进序列的连续沉积,以大同组含煤地层为代表,暗示着区域拉张的构造背景;(2)盆地整体缺失了晚侏罗世(160.4±1.1)Ma至早白垩世(130.1±0.7)Ma的沉积地层,其发生的动力学背景可能与古太平洋、西伯利亚、特提斯同时向东亚大陆汇聚产生的远程效应有关;(3)旧高山安山岩形成于早白垩世(130.1±0.7)Ma大陆板内裂谷的构造背景,与华北克拉通破坏的动力学背景紧密相关。研究成果对旧高山安山岩时代归属提出了新的认识,并不归属于上侏罗统髫髻山组,而相当于下白垩统张家口组。     

地面报中高山站资料的应用分析

无线电探空仪观测和地面观测资料作为天气分析和数值预报最常用、最重要的两种资料数据源,两者时空分辨率有着明显的差异。如何利用地面观测资料的高时空分辨率特点来补充探空观测资料在一些地区的欠缺和不足,特别是地面高山站资料的使用对对流层底层环流场的影响及对精细化数值天气预报风场分析指示意义等都需要进一步的探究。文章通过对地面高山站资料在资料同化中不同的使用方式的分析,探索其作为探空资料的补充在资料同化中的贡献。个例试验选取2013年6月29日00时地面资料和探空观测资料进行资料同化,试验方法:分别将地面高山站资料作为探空资料和地面资料应用于同化分析中,结果表明:地面高山站资料当探空资料使用时对850和925 hPa风场同化分析有正效果。在地面高山站资料当探空资料使用和当地面资料使用的对比中,其24 h 850和700 hPa高度和风场预报试验差异不显著;但24 h降水预报结果显示:地面高山站资料当探空资料使用对降水强度和位置的预报都有弱的正贡献。连续试验的降水预报检验证明:在地面高山站较多的西南区,高山站资料当探空资料使用在小雨、中雨、暴雨等量级的预报评分要优于高山站资料当地面报使用,且其预报偏差也较小;在中国区降水预报检验高山站资料当探空资料和地面报使用差异不大。     

2017年5月太白山“驴友”伤亡事件天气条件分析

2017年“五一”假期30多位“驴友”(户外旅游爱好者)在穿越“熬太线”(指纵贯鳌山—太白山这段秦岭主脉的穿越线路)时遭遇暴雪降温天气,导致3人遇难,2人受伤。利用太白山区域内13个自动气象站2017年5月1—7日气温、降水、湿度、风、气压等监测数据和太白、眉县气象站高山积雪观测记录,分析事件前后太白山的天气条件,探讨造成“驴友”伤亡事件的主要原因,为旅游管理部门和游客了解太白山独特的天气气候特点,正确评估“鳌太线”穿越等太白山高山区旅游的风险,最大可能地减少旅游意外伤亡事故提供参考。     

麻阳河保护区的黑色精灵--黑叶猴

麻阳河国家级自然保护区位于贵州省北部的沿河、务川两县境内,总面积31113公顷。地处乌江上游,武陵山脉抬升造就了保护区所在地区的高山峡谷地貌。山顶为缓坡,缓坡包含有丰富的土壤和植被,山顶缓坡成为当地村民的住所和紧挨在房前屋后的耕地。峡谷中段为地形抬升形成的悬崖峭壁和石块崩塌形成的岩洞,峡谷的谷底是河流。     

游牧阿尔山，风吹草低见牛羊

阿尔山,坐落在中国东北隅。千百年来,那里得上天眷顾,汇集草原、森林、高山湖泊、火山遗迹、地热温泉等诸多宝贵资源于一身。流金9月,我们一行8人、2辆车,从北京出发,自驾前往阿尔山。 7天地旅程,蓝天里漂浮的云朵,草原上悠然的羊群,天池畔夕阳的余晖,水塘边薄雾的清晨……美景定格成画面、随着行程徐徐展开,大概,这就是自驾的好处吧,自由、惬意、不经意间,就与风景正面相对。     

去成县目睹“陇上江南”迷人风采

成县位于甘肃省南部的陇南市,西北高,东南低,海拔在750～2377米之间,境内多高山峡谷,地貌特征南北为山地,中部为丘陵。属暖温带半湿润气候,四季分明,冷暖适度,年均气温11.7℃。成县生态环境良好,自然景观奇特,文化胜迹众多,风光秀丽,山水有致。有国家级重点保护文物汉隶     

某高山大型深井桩地网的设计与实施

通过某高山地区因地制宜的地网设计,结合地网所处的地质等实际情况综合考虑采取各种经济实用的降阻措施,理论计算和实际测试的吻合,工程预算与竣工结算的一致,实现设计到施工的过程     

草盛期不同类型高寒草甸CO2释放速率的比较研究

Potentilla fruticosa scrub, Kobresia humilis meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the grass exuberance period from 3 July to 4 September, based on close chamber-GC method, a study on CO2 emissions from different treatments was conducted in these meadows at Haibei research station, CAS. Results indicated that mean CO2 emission rates from various treatments were 672.09±152.37 mgm^-2h^-1 for FC (grass treatment); 425.41±191.99 mgm^-2h^-1 for FJ (grass exclusion treatment); 280.36±174.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for FL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); 838.95±237.02 mgm^-2h^-1 for GG (scrub+grass treatment); 528.48±205.67 mgm^-2h^-1 for GC (grass treatment); 268.97±99.72 mgm^-2h^-1 for GL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); and 659.20±94.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for LC (grass treatment), respectively (FC, FJ, FL, GG, GC, GL, LC were the Chinese abbreviation for various treatments). Furthermore, Kobresia humilis meadow, Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow differed greatly in average CO2 emission rate of soil-plant system, in the order of GG>FC>LC>GC. Moreover, in Kobresia hurnilis meadow,heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 42% and 58% of the total respiration of soil-plant system respectively, whereas, in Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 32% and 68% of total system respiration from GG; 49% and 51% from GC. In addition, root respiration from Kobresia humilis meadow approximated 145 mgCO2m^-2h^-1,contributed 34% to soil respiration. During the experiment period, Kobresia humilis meadow and Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow had a net carbon fixation of 111.11 gm^-2 and 243.89 gm^-2 respectively. Results also showed that soil temperature was the main factor which influenced CO2 emission from alpine meadow ecosystem, significant correlations were found between soil temperature at 5 cm depth and CO2 emission from GG, GC, FC and FJ treatments. In addition, soil moisture maybe the inhibitory factor of CO2 emission from Kobresia tibetica meadow, and more detailed analyses should be done in further research     

Minerogenic Theory of the Superlarge Lop Nur Potash Deposit, Xinjiang, China

Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”.