黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区金在土壤A层中的富集规律

探讨了金在黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区A层土壤-10～+60目、-60～+100目、-100～+160目及-160目粒级中的含量分布特征和富集规律。经对比研究认为,-100目可以满足低密度深穿透地球化学详细测量采样要求,该粒级能够有效地发现异常。     

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.     

Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China’s Coal

To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China, data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur, arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected, tested for content, and analyzed. Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur; the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content; that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal; and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content; other regions have low sulfur coal. The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China＇s coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world, whereas the content of various elements （Hg, Sb and Se） is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust. The average content of the elements Cr, Se, Co, Be, U, Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and CI in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest. The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China. The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal.     

RBF网络在地质样品非线性基体效应校正中的应用

基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)网络的正交最小平方算法,对攀枝花地质样品进行动态非线性基体效应校正.首先采用EDXRF仪器对样品进行测量,并对样品的荧光计数进行归一化,设计出自动分类模型和动态非线性数据基体效应校正模型的二级串联结构,用自组织神经网络(SOFM)进行分类,然后用RBF网络预测了未知样品元素Ti的百分含量.结果表明:对所预测样本的Ti的百分含量与化学分析相比的误差均小于0.5%.由此可见,用RBF方法可以有效地对地质样品进行非线性基体效应校正,能够达到工矿生产的要求.     

《洞穴探测、研究、开发与保护——全国洞穴学术会议论文选集（一）》日前正式出版

由中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所、中国地质学会洞穴专业委员会陈伟海、朱德浩、朱学稳编纂的《洞穴探测、研究、开发与保护——全国洞穴学术会议论文选集（一）》（以下简称《选集》）日前已由地质出版社正式出版发行。     

The XXI Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing（ISPRS） was Held in Beijing

The XXI Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing（ISPRS）, the greatest conference in the community once every four years, was held in Beijing on July 3 to 11, 2008. With the main topic ＂Silk Road for Information from Imagery＂, this congress attracted researchers, scientists and users from all over the world to meet Beijing to exchange their latest achievement,     

山西省地下水开发利用引起的主要环境问题及其治理对策

在山西省地下水开发利用现状分析的基础上,对地下水开发中引起的主要环境地质问题进行了具体描述,进而针对性的提出了对地下水功能区进行划分、保护的具体措施。     

近年来我国矿产资源调查评价的主要进展

国土资源部建部10年来,围绕国家经济建设的长远需求,从加强重要矿种、重点成矿区带的勘查入手,加快实施了一批重大的矿产资源调查评价项目,在成矿规律以及找矿发现方面取得了新进展。不仅进一步丰富和拓展了地质找矿新思路,完善了我国独创的成矿系列理论、“海源陆相成钾”理论,而且还发现了新型矿产资源,如四川巴塘夏塞热液型独立高品位银矿床、四川雅安石棉县原生自然铂矿、湖南郴州白腊水构造蚀变带-矽卡岩复合型锡矿等,为我国矿产资源／储量的不断增长做出了新的贡献,为缓解资源压力发挥了重要作用。     

珲春中部土壤常量元素地球化学特征

采用XRF-X荧光光谱法,研究了吉林省珲春中部常量元素在表层土壤中的含量以及在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等土壤地球化学特征.结果表明:表层土壤中MgO(0.85%)、CaO(0.95%)的含量平均值低于全国土壤平均值(分别为1.8%和3.2%),Fe2O3(3.41%)、K2O(2.61%)、Al2O3(13.33%)、SiO2(69.25%)含量平均值与全国平均值基本相当(分别为3.40%,2.50%,12.60%和65.00%),Na2O(1.83%)含量平均值高于全国平均值(1.60%).暗棕壤和白浆土两种类型土壤剖面常量元素组成差别不大,在垂向上呈现出不同的规律性.Sa、Saf和ba指标反映出暗棕壤土壤的风化淋溶度略强于白浆土,在剖面不同层次上,随土壤深度的增加,Sa和Saf呈现下降的趋势,而表层土壤的ba值比深层土壤高.     

国土资源数据分析及其整合与集成

本文详细分析了国土资源数据特点、综合数据来源、产生方式和使用方法等方面,对数据进行了分类,比较了不同的数据格式。在此基础上,阐述了国土资源数据的集成框架,讨论了数据整合和集成的方法和流程,提出了数据整合与集成的三种框架问题。