鄂尔多斯盆地前寒武纪末期古地貌恢复及其对烃源岩的控制作用

鄂尔多斯盆地前寒武纪末期古地貌控制着后期沉积体系的空间配置与古地理展布。通过野外剖面、岩芯分析、测井数据等建立鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系层序地层格架;选取寒武纪SS1最大海泛面(徐庄组沉积晚期地层)为标志层,通过残余厚度印模法,并结合古地质图分析,对研究区前寒武纪进行古地貌恢复,明确了前寒武纪沉积背景、构造格局及物源方向。总体上,前寒武纪鄂尔多斯盆地南、北濒临秦祁海和兴蒙海,东、西被贺兰和晋豫陕坳拉槽所夹持,古地貌东北高、西南低,受秦祁海影响最大,可将其划分为3个古构造地貌单元:高地剥蚀区、受古构造控制形成的坳陷区以及处于剥蚀与沉积过渡地带的斜坡阶地区。通过研究前寒武纪末期古地貌与寒武纪早期烃源岩分布认为,拉张活动背景下的坳陷带以及斜坡带是鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪早期烃源岩发育的有利区块,前寒武纪古地貌格局影响了寒武纪早期烃源岩发育与分布。恢复古地貌形态对于揭示物源供给,研究沉积物搬运、平面和纵向展布特征,探究沉积、沉降中心的迁移规律,以及进一步揭示生储盖组合和分布具有重大意义。     

过江隧道江底的变形监测

采用无人船进行过江隧道江底变形监测,能够在较短的时间测量水下地形,并绘制江底地形地貌、地状参数图等,提高了过江隧道监测的效率,减少了人员安全隐患。本文以杭州地铁8号线一期工程为背景,介绍了无人船在过江隧道江底变形监测中的研究和应用,建立了完整的技术流程,提出了江底地形监测的关键技术,得到了符合精度要求的钱塘江江底变形监测成果数据。整体效率优于传统测绘方式,可为无人船在水下地形地貌测绘、水下地质勘探、航道测量等领域应用提供理论和实践参考。     

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC₂₃) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.     

Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments of Red Sea of Yemen

A field work has been carried out to identify the occurrence of oil and oil products pollution in mangrove sediment from Red Sea of Yemen. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons is from 700 ng/g at Kamaran Island station to 400 ng/g at Al-Hodiedah station, and the total organic carbon ( TOC) in samples ranges from 0.07% at Dhubab station to 0.03% at Kamaran Island station. This pollution is as a result of localized oil pollution and /or heavy ship traffic in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.     

柴达木盆地烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感识别研究

高光谱遥感识别烃蚀变矿物可用于探测油气烃类微渗漏和定位地下油气藏.以有天然气分布的柴达木盆地东部三湖地区为研究区,对Hyperion高光谱数据进行重采样处理,克服了目标识别矿物不明显和传感器低信噪比的影响.通过确定烃蚀变矿物高光谱遥感探测的指示标志,采用线性光谱(SAM)拟合与光谱匹配(SAM)相结合的方法确定了影像端元对应的矿物组分.识别结果表明,合理缩减影像波段数和确定影像端元的方法,能有效提高烃蚀变矿物的高光谱遥感识别精度.     

松辽盆地西部斜坡区烃渗漏蚀变信息遥感探测

使用陆地卫星ETM+7图像对松辽盆地西部斜坡区进行稠油探测,图像增强方法有主成分分析、波段比值和假彩色合成等.主成分因子1,3,4,5-PC3(1,3,4,5主成分分析的第3主成分),1,3,5,7-PC3,2,3,5,7-PC3和3,4,5,7-PC4与波段比值3/1,4/3,7/5和(4/3)-(2/3)等用丁假彩色合成,在合成影像上圈定烃渗漏蚀变区域.结果表明烃渗漏蚀变区域与地质背景密切相关,与下伏油藏的分布大致相符.     

渤海湾盆地潜山油气富集规律与勘探

渤海湾盆地中、古生界或前古生界潜山油气藏非常发育,到目前为止共探明67个油气田（藏）。其油气富集规律①是冀中坳陷富集程度最高,济阳坳陷、辽河坳陷次之,黄骅坳陷、渤中坳陷最低;②是中位序潜山油气田（藏）富集程度最高,低位序次之,高位序、顶位序最低;③是潜山油气田（藏）以断块山圈闭为主,以褶皱山圈闭为辅;最后是潜山油气田（藏）以大、中型为主,以小型为辅。盆地内潜山油气富集原因是“新生古储”的结果,即是古近系多套烃源岩覆盖多位序潜山地层,并经断层、地层不整合通道将极为丰富的烃类运移至不同位序潜山圈闭成藏。指出了多个有利勘探目标,为下一步的潜山油气勘探提供了建议。     

Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments of Red Sea of Yemen

A field work has been carried out to identify the occurrence of oil and oil products pollution in mangrove sediment from Red Sea of Yemen. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons is from 700ng/g at Kamaran Island station to 400 ng/g at Al-Hodiedah station, and the total organic carbon （TOC） in samples ranges from 0. 07% at Dhubab station to 0. 03% at Kamaran Island station. This pollution is as a result of localized oil pollution and/or heavy ship traffic in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区上古生界源岩热演化特征

鄂尔多斯盆地北部主力气源岩太原组、山西组煤系地层热成熟史的研究对本区天然气充注过程和有利目标区预测具有重要的参考价值。在对研究区烃源岩评价和一维、二维地质建模研究的基础上。利用BasinMod盆地模拟软件对单井以及研究区内二维剖面、平面进行了煤系烃源岩热演化史模拟研究。研究结果表明：（1）该区在中三叠世进入生烃门限,中侏罗世以后,烃源岩持续埋深,早白垩世末期至最大埋深（4000m左右）,绝大多数的天然气都在这一阶段生成,早白垩世末构造抬升以后只有少量天然气生成;（2）研究区上古生界太原组和山西组煤系源岩最大累积生烃强度可达到2200×10^8m^3／km^2,对现今天然气的分布具有较强的控制作用。     

西湖凹陷平北地区烃源岩特征及生排烃史

为了综合确定平北地区的主力烃源岩,深化其油气成藏动力学过程研究,在烃源岩分布特征及有机质丰度、类型和成熟度分析的基础上,应用舍油气盆地数值模拟技术,定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生排烃历史。研究表明,平北地区主要发育始新统平湖组、渐新统花港组两套烃源岩系,其中平湖组暗色泥岩为主力烃源岩,具较高的有机质丰度、成熟度、生排烃强度与排烃效率;以平湖组为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标。