太平洋北部铁锰结核中重金属元素的分布、来源及其与沉积环境的关系

通过对太平洋北部26个站位结核中重金属元素的分析结果与相对应的上覆水、间隙水、沉积物及生物资料的对比研究表明:结核中重金属元素的分布可明显的分为三组:Cu, Zn, Ni为Mn组(第一组),Pb, Co为Fe组(第二组),Cr为第三组;不同组元素的来源明显的不同,但随着结核所处的沉积环境以及生物作用的强度不同,同组元素的来源又有差异,这可能导致形成的结核类型不同。从而本文提出,太平洋结核的形成,并不是单一的沉积机制或生物机制,而是包括上述机制在内的生物地球化学机制。     

二色桌片参的化学成分研究：Ⅲ、二色桌片参多糖—1——岩藻聚糖的免疫调节

研究了二色桌片参多糖－1（PMI－1）在体内、体外的免疫调节作用。结果表明。二色桌片参多糖－1体外能促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖，促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL－2；体内能显著促进迟发型敏反应，增加脾指数，胸腺指数：具有显著的免疫增强作用。     

海洋资源化学研究与发展

海洋资源化学是海洋化学中一门新的分支学科。英国Ｊ．Ｐ．Ｒｉｌｅｙ等（１９７５）［２］对海洋中无机物、海藻及海洋药物等的提取技术和工业有较详细的阐述。此后德国Ｋ．Ｓｃｈｗｏｃｈａｕ（１９８５）［３］发表了海水中无机物提取的专题文章。但是，整理出版成专著的是我国的孙玉善教授（１９９１）［１］，此书总结了作者多年的研究成果及一些新的论述，是海洋资源化学发展历史的总结，对近代海洋资源化学发展概况作了较完整的阐述。对推动我国海洋资源化学的研究和发展起了积极的促进作用。由于海洋资源化学是一门新兴的应用基础学…     

有机地球化学发展与油气勘探的不解之缘——访王铁冠院士

<正>采访时间:2007年8月31日采访地点:中国石油大学(北京)王铁冠院士办公室编:王院士,您好!首先,非常感谢您接受《海相油气地质》期刊的采访。     

Fe-Cu-Zn-Mo同位素示踪氧化还原过程

非传统稳定同位素（Fe-Cu-Zn-Mo）理论与数据相结合提高了科研工作者对地质体系氧化还原过程的理解。本文对这一相对较新的领域进行了综述,包括与氧化还原过程相关的同位素分馏理论和实验约束、时空尺度下的氧逸度以及同位素示踪氧化还原过程。稳定同位素理论预测,Fe-Cu-Zn-Mo同位素应该对氧化还原状态的变化能够做出响应。结果表明,Fe同位素作为岩浆过程、表生过程、俯冲带流体性质"氧逸度计"应用前景广阔;Cu同位素在岩浆、热液、陆地系统可以很好地示踪氧化还原过程;Zn同位素由于络合过程分馏已经被用在许多不同环境中作为含硫/碳流体迁移的敏感示踪剂;Mo同位素作为古氧逸度计可有效重建古海洋-大气氧化还原状态。     

High resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments assessed by DET and DGT

In polluted aquatic systems, toxic metals are often accumulated in bottom sediments. They are, however, not necessarily stored definitively because diagenetic processs can modify redox, pH and even the amount of complexing ligands, releasing the trace metals back into the pore waters and the water column. Especially the labile metal fraction in the pore waters is important since this is the bioavailable fraction determining the bio-toxicity of the sediments. The goal of our study was therefore to assess, with novel sampling techniques, this bioavailable metal fraction in the pore waters as well as the flux towards the overlying water column. High-resolution profiles of trace metals in pore waters of marine and riverine sediments were assessed by DET （diffusive equilibrium in thin films） and DGT （diffusive gradients in thin films） gel techniques. The DET technique uses a diffusive gel layer that equilibrates with the aquatic system and with this technique the concentrations of total dissolved trace metals are obtained directly. The DGT technique uses an acrylamide diffusive gel backed by a resin gel （Chelex） which binds trace metals. With the DGT technique only labile species of selected metals can be captured. According to the redox potential measurements, the marine sediments were suboxic （200 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）, while the riverine sediments were completely anoxic （-160 mV to -220 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode）. This redox potential was apparently controlling the trace metals species in the pore waters： for example a strong correlation between Mn and Co was found in the riverine sediments （for DET and DGT sampling）, while in the marine sediments trace metals presented various behaviors.     

Microwave-assisted extraction of organochlorine pesticides from sediments and determination by gas chromatograph with electron capture detection

A simple and rapid procedure to extract organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） from sediments by means of microwave energy is proposed. Sediment samples were irradiated with microwaves in a closed vessel system while immersed in hexane-acetone （1 ： 1, v/v）. The sample extracts were cleaned up using solid phase extraction with Florisil as adsorbent. Pesticides were eluted with hexane-ethyl acetate （80 ： 20, v/v） and determined by gas chromatographic separation with electron capture detection. Three oven programs were assayed with two different solvent mixtures in order to achieve adequate experimental conditions for the complete extraction of organochlorine pesticides from the matrix. Different variables such as the composition of extraction solvent,