Comparative study on rain splash erosion of representative soils in China

As the first event of soil erosion, rain splash erosion supplies materials for subsequent transportation and entrainment. The Loess Plateau, the southern hilly region and the Northeast China are subject to serious soil and water loss; however, the characteristics of rain splash erosion in those regions are still unclear. The objectives of the study are to analyze the characteristics of splash erosion on loess soil, red soil, purple soil and black soil, and to discuss the relationship between splash erosion and soil properties. Soil samples spatially distributed in the abovementioned regions were collected and underwent simulated rainfalls at a high intensity of 1.2mm/min, lasting for 5, 10, 15, and 20min, respectively. Rain splash and soil crust development were analyzed. It shows that black soil sample from Heilongjiang Province corresponds to the minimum splash erosion amount because it has high aggregate content, aggregate stability and organic matter content. Loess soil sample from Inner Mongolia corresponds to the maximum splash erosion amount because it has high content of sand particles. Loess soil sample from Shanxi Province has relatively lower splash erosion amount because it has high silt particle content and low aggregate stability easily to be disrupted under rainfalls with high intensity. Although aggregate contents of red soil and purple soil samples from Hubei and Guangdong provinces are high, the stability is weak and prone to be disrupted, so the splash erosion amount is medium. Splash rate which fluctuates over time is observed because soil crust development follows a cycling processes of formation and disruption. In addition, there are two locations of soil crust development, one appears at the surface, and the other occurs at the subsurface.     

Integrity of Local Ecosystems and Storm Water Management in Residential Areas

1IntroductionPopulation growth has created escalating pressureson our resources(natural,humanandsocial)onlocal,regional,and global scales.These pressures negativelyi mpact the natural environment,our communities andthe quality of our lives.In the face of …     

用降水回灌法改善北京地铁“复—八线”工程地质环境和施工条件

介绍了北京地铁“复－八线”工程施工中，采用了降排水与回灌相结合的施工方案，既保证了地铁施工安全无水作业，又保护了有限的地下水资源，同时有效地防止了因排水引起的地面沉降对地表建筑物稳定性的威胁，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

藏东南泥石流沟纵剖面演化的最小功模式

西藏东南地区的泥石流可分为雨水、冰雪融水和冰湖溃决等3种成因类型,其沟谷纵剖面演化均遵循最小功原理,即通过调整坡降使流速增大,表现为单位流体的全程流速平均值ū与纵剖面形态指数N正相关:ū∝f(N),对雨水型泥石流沟,流速函数f(N)={1/3-2/[(N+1)(N+2)(N+3)]}^1/2;对融水型泥石流沟,f(N)={2/3-2/[(N+1)(N+3)]}^1/2;对溃决型泥石流沟,f(N)=[NP(N+1)]^2/3。在泥石流沟谷演化进程中,与ū值由小变大相应,N值由小变大,沟谷纵剖面从上凸抛物线形变为下凹抛物线形,泥石流沟谷地貌演化阶段按泥石流孕育阶段、发展阶段、旺盛阶段、衰减阶段的顺序演替。以藏东南典型泥石流沟作为实例,检验了上述沟谷地貌演化的模式与规律。     

西峰区雨水集蓄利用可行性研究

雨水集蓄利用是缓解城市水资源压力的一条经济、快捷、有效的途径。通过对西峰区下垫面类型和降雨条件综合分析,在降水保证率为75%时,该区不透水集雨面可收集雨水量为2 964.96万m3,其中李岭村雨水可收集量为14.328万m3,对李岭村雨水可收集量进行经济效益分析可知,每年大约可为该村用水费用节约25万元,并结合西峰区自身特点,提出雨水综合利用的基本途径和措施,这对解决西峰区资源性缺水问题、减少洪涝灾害、改善生态环境、实现节水型社会的建设和水资源的可持续利用具有一定的指导意义。     

Numerical Study of the Effect of Anthropogenic Aerosols on Spring Persistent Rain over Eastern China

The eff ect of anthropogenic aerosols on the spring persistent rain （SPR） over eastern China is investigated by using a high-resolution Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 （CAM5.1）. The results show that the SPR starts later due to anthropogenic aerosols, with a shortened duration and reduced rainfall amount. A reduction in air temperature over the low latitudes in East Asia is linked to anthropogenic aerosols;so is a weakened southwesterly on the north side of the subtropical high. Meanwhile, air temperature increases signifi cantly over the high latitudes. This north-south asymmetrical thermal eff ect acts to reduce the meridional temperature gradient, weakening the upper-level westerly jet over East Asia and the vertical motion over southeastern China. As a result, the SPR is reduced and has a much shorter duration. The indirect eff ect of anthropogenic aerosols also plays an important role in changing the SPR. Cloud droplet number concentration increases due to anthropogenic aerosols acting as cloud condensation nuclei, leading to a reduction in cloud eff ective radius over eastern China and a reduced precipitation effi ciency there.     

水星团城

把团城称为水星,那是因为在我看来,团城的确是一座节约雨水、利用雨水的城市明星。团城在哪里?团城有什么特别的地方?问问身边的年轻人,都说不知道。想想也是,和故宫、北海这些大名鼎鼎的景区相比,团城巴掌大的地方,能引     

胶东温泉的地热属性与可持续开发对策

从胶东所处的板块构造位置和区域控热构造入手，根据地热传导理论，对胶东温泉的地热属性进行分析研究，认为胶东半岛温泉地热属性为毗邻板块边缘高温地热带的板内中低温地热系统，它以偏高的大地热流值为地热背景，以局部控热构造聚敛的大地热流为热源，以地形高差影响和相应的水力压差作用为动力，入渗的大气降水被岩石中的热量加热，并沿断裂出露形成温泉地热水。根据山东半岛温泉地热属性的特点和地热水开发中所面临的问题，提出保持胶东温泉可持续开发的相关对策。     

河南省新乡市小店工业园区地表水回渗与管井回灌试验研究

要:为了缓解新乡市小店工业园区地下水水位持续下降问题,避免工业园区与周围村镇居民生活和农业灌溉用水矛盾加剧,采用柳青河地表水回渗与管井回灌2种试验方法,探讨补充浅层地下水有效水量的可行方法.该区包气带岩性为粉细砂、粉土,试验目的层为浅层含水层(第Ⅰ含水层组),其岩性为细砂、中砂和粗砂,上部包气带地层孔隙与下部浅层含水层孔隙连通性较好,有利于地表河流回渗补给地下水,地表回渗试验效果显著.管井回灌量选用与之对应的抽水时的单位涌水量,试验第Ⅰ含水层组的回灌能力,单位回灌量与单位涌水量之比小于50％,说明第Ⅰ含水层组回灌能力较差,不适宜本地区或类似地区.