城市三维地质调查数据库

将城市地质调查中的基础地理、工程地质、地球物理、地球化学等数据综合起来进行一体化管理, 对城市规划、建设、环境综合评价、公众信息发布具有重要的意义.在通过分析城市地质调查数据的广泛性、多样性、多维性等特点的基础上, 对数据进行了分类整理, 提出了适合城市三维地质信息管理与服务系统建设的基于勘测点的数据结构模型, 这种结构具有简单、易维护、可以满足多层次查询需求等特点.在此基础上结合城市三维地质应用设计了C/S (Client/Server) 和B/S (Browse/Server) 混合的数据库体系结构, 达到了应用的要求.      

区域土壤侵蚀定量研究的国内外进展

由于水土保持宏观决策的需要、土壤侵蚀学科自身的进步和全球变化研究的促进,过去的10多年来,国内外研究者对区域尺度土壤侵蚀研究给予了高度重视。已经开展的主要研究包括:全球和区域（包括国家尺度）土壤侵蚀调查、区域土壤侵蚀过程和尺度效应、区域土壤侵蚀因子和区域土壤侵蚀模型等。将区域土壤侵蚀作为现代陆地地表过程的一部分,充分考虑全球变化的影响,集成土壤侵蚀研究成果与遥感和GIS技术,开发分布式区域土壤侵蚀模型,成为区域土壤侵蚀定量评价研究的基本趋势。在对国内外区域土壤侵蚀定量评价研究评述的基础上,提出我国近期在区域土壤侵蚀方面研究的重点问题为：区域土壤侵蚀过程及其尺度效应的量化描述、区域土壤侵蚀模型开发、区域土壤侵蚀动态模拟与趋势预测、区域土壤侵蚀与全球变化关系研究和区域土壤侵蚀数据处理与管理方法。     

Using Statistical Downscaling to Quantify the GCM-Related Uncertainty in Regional Climate Change Scenarios： A Case Study of Swedish Precipitation

There are a number of sources of uncertainty in regional climate change scenarios. When statistical downscaling is used to obtain regional climate change scenarios, the uncertainty may originate from the uncertainties in the global climate models used, the skill of the statistical model, and the forcing scenarios applied to the global climate model. The uncertainty associated with global climate models can be evaluated by examining the differences in the predictors and in the downscaled climate change scenarios based on a set of different global climate models. When standardized global climate model simulations such as the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP2） are used, the difference in the downscaled variables mainly reflects differences in the climate models and the natural variability in the simulated climates. It is proposed that the spread of the estimates can be taken as a measure of the uncertainty associated with global climate models. The proposed method is applied to the estimation of global-climate-model-related uncertainty in regional precipitation change scenarios in Sweden. Results from statistical downscaling based on 17 global climate models show that there is an overall increase in annual precipitation all over Sweden although a considerable spread of the changes in the precipitation exists. The general increase can be attributed to the increased large-scale precipitation and the enhanced westerly wind. The estimated uncertainty is nearly independent of region. However, there is a seasonal dependence. The estimates for winter show the highest level of confidence, while the estimates for summer show the least.     

Wind-driven, double-gyre, ocean circulation in a reduced-gravity, 2.5-layer, lattice boltzmann model

A coupled lattice Boltzmann （LB） model with second-order accuracy is applied to the reduced-gravity, shallow water, 2.5-layer model for wind-driven double-gyre ocean circulation. By introducing the secondorder integral approximation for the collision operator, the model becomes fully explicit. The Coriolis force and other external forces are included in the model with second-order accuracy, which is consistent with the discretization accuracy of the LB equation. The feature of the multiple equilibria solutions is found in the numerical experiments under different Reynolds numbers based on this LB scheme. With the Reynolds number increasing from 3000 to 4000, the solution of this model is destabilized from the anti-symmetric double-gyre solution to the subtropic gyre solution and then to the subpolar gyre solution. The transitions between these equilibria states are also found in some parameter ranges. The time-dependent variability of the circulation based on this LB simulation is also discussed for varying viscosity regimes. The flow of this model exhibits oscillations with different timescales varying from subannual to interannual. The corresponding statistical oscillation modes are obtained by spectral analysis. By analyzing the spatiotemporal structures of these modes, it is found that the subannual oscillation with a 9-month period originates from the barotropic Rossby basin mode, and the interarmual oscillations with periods ranging from 1.5 years to 4.6 years originate from the recirculation gyre modes, which include the barotropic and the baroclinic recirculation gyre modes.     

Orthorectification of IKONOS and impact of different resolution DEM

IKONOS image has been wildly used in city planning, precision agriculture and emergence response. However, the accuracy of IKONOS Geo product is limited due to distortion caused by terrain relief. Orthorectification was performed to remove the distortion and the impact of different DEM on orthorectification were evaluated. 38 ground control points （GCPs） and 25 independent check points （ICPs） were collected. DEMs were generated from 1 ： 10 000 and 1 ： 50 000 topographic maps. Results show that RMS error at the check points is 1. 554 0 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 10 000 topographic map, which can meet the accuracy requirement of IKONOS Precision product （1.9 m RMSE）. While RMS error is 2. 572 4 m using DEM generated from 1 ： 50 000 topographic map.     

Middle-high latitude N2O distributions related to the Arctic vortex breakup

The relationship of N2O distributions with the Arctic vortex breakup is first analyzed with a probability distribution function （PDF） analysis. The N2O concentration shows different distributions between the early and late vortex breakup years. In the early breakup years, the N2O concentration shows low values and large dispersions after the vortex breakup, which is related to the inhomogeneity in the vertical advection in the middle and high latitude lower stratosphere. The horizontal diffusion coefficient （Kyy） shows a larger value accordingly. In the late breakup years, the N2O concentration shows high values and more uniform distributions than in the early years after the vortex breakup, with a smaller vertical advection and Kyy after the vortex breakup. It is found that the N2O distributions are largely affected by the Arctic vortex breakup time but the dynamically defined vortex breakup time is not the only factor.     

Implementation of the semi-Lagrangian advection scheme on a quasi-uniform overset grid on a sphere

The semi-Lagrangian advection scheme is implemented on a new quasi-uniform overset （Yin-Yang） grid on the sphere. The Yin-Yang grid is a newly developed grid system in spherical geometry with two perpendicularly-oriented latitude-longitude grid components （called Yin and Yang respectively） that overlapp each other, and this effectively avoids the coordinate singularity and the grid convergence near the poles. In this overset grid, the way of transferring data between the Yin and Yang components is the key to maintaining the accuracy and robustness in numerical solutions. A numerical interpolation for boundary data exchange, which maintains the accuracy of the original advection scheme and is computationally efficient, is given in this paper. A standard test of the solid-body advection proposed by Williamson is carried out on the Yin-Yang grid. Numerical results show that the quasi-uniform Yin-Yang grid can get around the problems near the poles, and the numerical accuracy in the original semi-Lagrangian scheme is effectively maintained in the Yin-Yang grid.     

基于地震属性的煤层厚度预测模型及其应用

地震属性技术在岩性和构造解释等方面得到了越来越广泛的应用,特别是在煤、油气资源勘探中具有重要的作用.基于淮南矿区谢桥1区13 1煤层地震勘探资料,提取了28种地震属性数据;通过地震属性的分析,优选出平均峰值振幅、振幅的峰态、最大绝对振幅、瞬时频率斜率等4种地震属性作为煤层厚度预测模型基本参数,结合已知钻孔资料,利用多元多项式回归以及BP人工神经网络方法,求出了各属性与煤厚之间的多元多项式回归模型及人工神经网络模型,并对模型进行了误差分析和应用结果对比分析,反映出人工神经网络模型在煤厚预测中具有好的应用效果.     

求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法

通过对地震静校正问题的分析,综合线性反演方法的计算速度快和非线性反演方法寻找全局最优解能力强的优点,提出了求解地震静校正问题的双尺度反演方法.在大尺度下采用非线性反演方法为小尺度下的线性反演计算初始模型,利用小尺度下的线性反演方法获得精细模型.对反演参数的选取进行了讨论,使双尺度反演算法具有自适应的特点.理论模型和实际资料的计算表明该方法计算结果精度高、计算速度快.     

不同矿化度下泥质对岩石电性影响的逾渗网络研究

为了进一步认识泥质对岩石宏观电性的影响规律,本文利用非规整三维逾渗网络模型,通过数值模拟研究了不同矿化度下泥质对岩石电性影响的规律. 模拟结果表明：在中低矿化度下,泥质对岩石导电整体上呈现减阻作用,随着泥质含量的增加,电阻率降低的速度减慢;中等矿化度下泥质的减阻效果明显弱于低矿化度下的减阻效果;在高矿化度下泥质对岩石导电整体上呈现增阻作用. 在高矿化度、高含水饱和度下泥质对岩石电性的影响较小. 泥质起减阻、增阻作用的具体矿化度范围取决于储层的孔隙度、连通性以及地层温度等特性.