钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究

运用紫外光光助的方法成功制备了钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂,该方法使膨润土层间钛柱TiO_2晶相能在150℃的低温烧结下由无定型转变为高催化活性的锐钛矿。由于钛柱的形成,柱撑后的膨润土的层间距达到1.94nm,明显大于原土的1.56nm。实验以罗丹明B为考察对象,研究了钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂的吸附能力,以及它在紫外光照射下的光催化性能和降解反应的动力学方程。实验表明:钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂能强烈地吸附罗丹明B并且能迅速地将它降解,其降解反应的动力学方程符合1.5级。钛柱撑膨润土光催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究@唐剑文$华南理工大学环境科学…     

影响南极海洋石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49生长和降解率的环境因素研究

以柴油为唯一碳源和能源,从南极海水海冰微生物资源库中筛选到一株石油烃低温降解菌希瓦氏菌NJ49,并对影响其生长和降解率的环境因素(pH、温度、盐度、营养盐和表面活性剂)进行了初步研究。结果表明:希瓦氏菌NJ49可作为低温海域石油烃污染生物修复的菌源,其生长和降解的最适条件为:初始pH7.5,温度15℃,盐度6%,摇瓶装量80ml,最佳氮源硝酸铵,最佳磷源为磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钾的混合物,添加表面活性剂可促进希瓦氏菌NJ49的生长和生物降解率。     

地下水和场地的原位修复

生物修复描述了在地下水和土壤中进行的微生物自然降解过程，该过程是在厌氧(缺氧)条件下进行的。自然降解过程既需要电子给予者(如氧)，也需要电子接收者(如氢)。多数情况下由于这些基本要素的需要(氧或氢)，土壤很快会变得贫乏，氧或氢会以最快的速度阻止自然微生物污染的扩散并达到降解目的。通过固有细菌和自然土壤过程(固有衰减)使土壤和地下水污染物衰减的很大优势在于避免了昂贵的泵吸系统、相关工作、     

H_2O_2增效TiO_2/凹凸棒石光催化体系降解亚甲基蓝

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,天然凹凸棒石为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO_2/凹凸棒石复合光催化剂,并用XRD、TEM对其进行表征.以亚甲基蓝染料为模拟污染物,采用300 W汞灯为紫外光源,以光催化实验来评价该催化剂的活性,并研究了H_2O_2的引入对光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明,H_2O_2能显著提高染料的脱色效率:亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为50 mg/L,催化体系为2 mmol/L H_2O_2+0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV(紫外线),光催化10 min后其脱色率为95%,相对于单独的0.5 g/L TiO_2/凹凸棒石+UV催化体系,其脱色率提高了约50%.全波段扫描显示,加入H_2O_2后,亚甲基蓝在290 nm对应的苯环吸收蜂急剧下降,665 nm对应的最大吸收峰则近乎消失,且没有新的吸收峰产生.     

一株可利用二甲基巯基丙酸内盐生长的北极海洋细菌的分类鉴定及表型特征分析

二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)是一种主要由海洋浮游植物生成的含硫化合物,在海洋中含量丰富,同时也是海洋细菌的重要营养物之一.采用生长选择性培养基从北南王湾海水中分离到一株细菌DMSP-1.基于16S rRNA基因序列及基因组平均核苷酸一致性(Average Nucleotide Identity,ANI)分析,将该菌鉴...     

用于养殖环境调控的微生物制剂评价方法的研究

为尝试建立对不同微生物制剂产品的客观评价方法体系,选择5种商品化复合微生物制剂,进行了菌数和主要组成种类等测定,并利用天然或人工模拟的养殖污水进行了不同微生物制剂对氨氮、亚硝酸态氮、COD等降解效果的比较,以及微生物制剂活化增效后的效果比较等.结果表明,不同的商业化复合微生物制剂在有益菌含量和水质污染降解效果方面存在较大差异.另外,微生物制剂在海水和淡水中以及是否经过活化,效果也存在较大差异.     

西太平洋深海海水中乙醛降解菌多样性及群落结构研究

As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants.     

不同氧化锰矿物对光催化降解苯酚的影响

合成层状结构的酸性和碱性水钠锰矿以及隧道结构的锰钾矿和钙锰矿,将其用于苯酚的光催化降解研究。分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、BET氮气吸附法和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对供试锰氧化物的晶体结构、化学组成、微观形貌、比表面积以及光吸收性能等进行了表征。研究表明,暗反应条件锰氧化物对苯酚的降解作用较弱,而UV-Vis光照能显著促进锰氧化物对苯酚的降解。光照反应12 h后,锰钾矿、酸性水钠锰矿、钙锰矿以及碱性水钠锰矿的苯酚降解率分别为92.1%、77.3%、57.4%和45.8%;对应的TOC去除率分别由暗反应时的6.3%、11.2%、2.0%和4.6%提高至62.1%、43.1%、25.4%和22.5%。4种供试锰氧化物均具有光催化活性,其大小顺序为:锰钾矿>酸性水钠锰矿>钙锰矿>碱性水钠锰矿。UV-Vis光照下氧化锰矿物光化学降解苯酚主要存在3种降解机制———苯酚的直接光解,锰氧化物的化学氧化和锰氧化物的光化学催化,其中光催化降解起主导作用。     

Fe2O3/凹凸棒石Fenton催化剂的制备及性能表征

采用浸渍法制备了用于常温常压下催化Fenton法的负载型Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂,并将其用于处理十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水.采用BET,SEM,FT-IR对其进行了表征,并考察了Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂的催化活性和稳定性.对于初始浓度为40 mg/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠模拟废水,当Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂和H2O2氧化剂的投加量分别为20 g/L和0.392 mol/L时,pH为5时,反应温度为80℃时,处理1h时染料的十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除率可达到99.99％.与传统Fenton试剂法相比,以Fe2O3/凹凸棒石为催化剂的Fenton法,具有pH范围广(2～10),降解程度高和催化剂易回收再用的优点.