五常优质水稻种植区土壤剖面营养元素含量分布特征分析

众所周知,“五常大米”闻名遐迩,畅销国内外。本次工作依据五常优质水稻种植区内不同土壤类型,共布设6条土壤水平剖面、18条土壤垂向剖面,其中每条水平剖面上设3条垂向剖面。     

IODP 312航次--一个完整的形成于超速扩张带的上部洋壳剖面

IODP 312和309航次的科学目标一致,将在ODP 1256站位完成一个穿越火山基底以及下伏席状岩脉复合体并进入最上层深成岩的连续断面.该站位的地壳于15 Ma以前以200 mm/a的扩张速度形成于东太平洋海岭（图1;站位见309航次）.     

Improvement of the one-dimensional Vertical Advection-diffusion Model in Seawater

The classical 1-D vertical advection-diffusion model was improved in this work.The main advantages of the improved model over the previous one are:1) The applicable condition of the 1-D model is made clear in the improved model,in that it is substantively applicable only to a vertical domain on which two end-member water masses are mixing.2) The substitution of parameter f(z) in the equation of the classical 1-D model with end-member fraction f1^z makes the model more precisely and easily solved.3) All the terms in the improved model equation have specific physical meanings,which makes the model easily understood.Practical application of the improved model to predict the vertical profiles of dissovled oxygen and micronutrients in abyssal ocean water of the North Pacific proved that the improvement of the 1-D advection-diffusion model is successful and practicable.     

陇西黄土剖面的古地磁研究

The Longxi loess section is quite different from that at eastern Liupanshan Meuntains in stratigraphic structure, but with better magnetic stability than that of Luochuan loess. 43 samples were collected from the 95 m-thick Longxi loess section. Results of palcomagnetic measurement indicates that those samples taken from 0 down to 48m in.the section are normally magnetized. So there is no doubt that this part of Longxi loess was accumulated during the Brunhes epoch corresponding to the Middle Pleistocene Lishi Loess (Q2) and the Late Pleistocene Maian Loess (Q3). On the other hand, samples between 48-82 m within the section are mainly of reversed polarity, formed during the Matuyama reversed polarity epoch, corresponding to the Early Pleistocene Wucheng Loess (Q1). Jaramillo normal event was recorded at between 64-69m within this section. The starting point of loess accumulation is estimated to be about 1.15 my according to the boundary ages of polarity epochs and event and an accumulation rate of 8 cm per thousand years was obtained.     

球面圆弧数字地形剖面提取方法研究

带状地形剖面是以高程为纵向参考,以距剖面起始端点的距离为横向参考进行制图表达。由于其可真实地反映地表形态,是新构造和活动构造地貌研究中的基本参考和研究对象。随着数字化基础地理信息成果的普及,很多GIS软件可实现地形剖面的自动化提取。但以往方法的位置信息均是建立在剖面投影平面的基础上,当研究区域范围过大,会引入非构造变形,为消除该影响,提出基于球面坐标系统的带状地形剖面图制作方法。该方法不仅适用于小型地质构造,也适用于喜马拉雅弧形造山带等大型地质构造,可提取出更接近真实地形的地形剖面。     

鄂尔多斯北缘断裂托克托段晚第四纪活动特征

鄂尔多斯北缘断裂作为河套断陷带和鄂尔多斯地块的边界断裂,研究其晚第四纪活动特征,对于科学评价黄河流域内蒙古河套段的地震危险性具有重要意义。本文利用野外地质调查、微地貌测量、浅层人工地震勘探及钻孔联合剖面探测相结合的方法,综合地层年代样品测试结果,确定了该断裂托克托段的准确位置和最新活动特征。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯北缘断裂托克托段沿线构造地貌不发育,推测断裂的最新活动可能尚未达到地表,地表的地貌陡坎应为河流侵蚀成因。断裂在深、浅地震反射剖面上表现为“Ｙ”字形的张性断裂系,主断裂倾向北,分支断裂倾向南,整体上陡下缓,具有多个地堑式分布的特点。跨断裂钻孔联合剖面上显示,单个分支断裂的同震垂直位移量为2～2.5 m,最新活动时代为43.5～70 ka。鄂尔多斯北缘断裂是一条晚更新世活动的深大断裂,具有一定的地震危险性。     

青藏高原东北缘隆德观音店剖面碎屑锆石年龄序列及地质意义

青藏高原东北缘古近纪—新近纪地层的精确时代和高原隆升扩展何时影响到东北缘地区一直是地质学家争论的焦点。此次以青藏高原东北缘隆德观音店剖面为研究对象,采用碎屑锆石U-Pb测年方法,结合区域古生物化石鉴定、古地磁测年结果,针对上述两个问题提出了新的认识。测试分析发现,青藏高原东北缘古近系清水营组上部碎屑锆石年龄序列中最年轻的峰值为17.8 Ma,研究得出如下两个认识:清水营组的沉积时代应归属于晚渐新世—早中新世,区域上具有穿时性;青藏高原隆升向东北方向的扩展推挤作用在早中新世时期就开始影响到了海原-六盘山断裂带以西地区,区域上构造-沉积-气候之间具有协同演化的耦合关系。这一研究成果为青藏高原隆升向东推挤扩展影响到东北缘地区的起始时限提供了新的时间标尺。