我国施工难度最大的山区铁路宜万铁路通车

总投资约227亿元、全线运营里程却只有377公里的宜万铁路,是一条以客运为主、兼顾货运的I级电气化铁路干线,东起湖北省宜昌,西至重庆万州区,沿线设12个车站。湖北宜昌至凉雾段288公里为双线,设计时速160公里;凉雾至重庆万州段89公里为单线,设计时速120公里,是贯通我国东、中、西部的重要交通纽带沪汉蓉铁路快速通道的重要组成部分。     

集合卡尔曼滤波方法的高时空分辨率山区地表反照率反演EI北大核心CSCD

高分辨率地表反照率遥感产品以其空间分辨率高的优点,目前正成为区域能量平衡和气候变化研究的重要数据源。现行的高分辨率地表反照率遥感反演算法及数据产品均假设地表平坦且均一,缺乏对地表异质性和地形复杂性的考虑,将适用于平坦地表的反演算法应用于山区将存在一定的误差。改进的直接算法将直接反演算法与山地辐射传输模型结合,为反演山区高分辨率地表反照率提供了可能,可以反演山区地表反照率产品。但该算法受到下垫面积雪、云污染等影响,反演的影像时域不连续,且存在着较多的缺失值,无法构建时空连续的地表反照率产品来支撑山区地表能量平衡相关研究。针对这一问题,本文以高分四号(GF-4)卫星数据为例,首先基于改进的直接反演算法反演山区高分辨率地表反照率,结合MODIS BRDF/Albedo产品构建先验知识背景场,采用集合卡尔曼滤波方法对反演的山区地表反照率进行时空填补,构建了时空连续的地表反照率反演方法,并生产了2016年—2017年的山区地表反照率产品。研究结果表明,反演的时空连续高分辨率地表反照率产品与地面站点观测数据的一致性较好。不同坡度地面站点的验证结果显示,反演的时空连续地表反照率产品在湿地、农田等平坦地表下RMSE小于0.01,坡度较大的站点下RMSE为0.0163。本文描述的山区地表反照率时空填补技术也可以应用到其他定量遥感产品,为这些产品在山区地表下的填补技术提供有效参考。     

皖南山区典型顺层滑坡形成机制研究

皖南山区鸟雀坪滑坡是典型的顺层岩质滑坡,其变形破坏模式为滑移-弯曲,变形破坏过程可分为以下三个阶段:斜坡初始形成,表面卸荷回弹阶段、上部岩体滑移,下部岩体隆起弯曲阶段、滑面贯通—滑坡整体失稳破坏阶段。滑坡形成沿河长200m,纵向长700m,体积约200×104m3的滑坡堆积体,堵塞大源河并强迫河流发生改道。     

高州市低山区丘陵区土地资源的可持续利用

分析了高州市低山丘陵区在土地资源开发利用过程中存在的问题及其主要原因。提出了高州市低山区丘陵区土地资源可持续利用的对策，包括控制人口数量，提高人口素质；加强基本农田保护，提高耕地质量，加强规划，指导，走生态开发的路子。     

Integrated Futures for Europe＇s Mountain Regions： Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation and Human Livelihoods

Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas.     

我国将在三年内完成全国山区丘陵区地灾普查

国土资源部近日发出通知，对全国山区丘陵区地质灾害普查工作进行了全面部署，特别强调要加大地质灾害普查工作的力度和速度，建立完善的群测群防体系，3年内完成普查工作。     

淄博市开展汛前地质灾害防治全面摸底排查工作

为做好2006年汛期地质灾害防治工作，淄博市国土资源局会同山东省国土资源厅地质环境总站淄博分站，对沂源县三岔乡泥石流易发区、沂源县燕崖乡大洪峪崩塌、博山区过境路（205国道）673千米路牌桥东600米处崩滑危险区、博山区池上镇池上汽车站北西500米滑坡和崩塌危险区、淄川区峨庄乡滑坡危险区、临淄区洋浒崖灰坝不稳定斜坡、周村区王村镇李家疃村采空塌陷等地质灾害隐患点进行了全面摸底排查，查看了博山区、临淄区南部山区、淄川区济潍路两旁停止采矿情况，具体了解各区县地质灾害防治工作落实情况。目前，全市国土资源系统层层成立了汛期地质灾害防治领导机构，严格落实汛期值班制度、险情巡视制度、地质灾害速报制度、地质灾害月报制度，成立了应急分队，各地质灾害隐患点的监测任务也已层层落实到乡镇、单位、人，形成了群测群防的地质灾害防治体系。     

山地风电场开发过程中水土流失相关问题研究进展

风力发电在提供清洁能源的同时亦带来了一定程度的水土流失和生态环境破坏。特别是山地风电场,由于其所在的山区土壤抗蚀性低,且植被破坏后恢复难度大,在开发过程中引起的水土流失问题尤为突出。回顾了山区风电场水土流失特点、影响风电场水土流失关键因子等方面的相关研究成果,并对其进行了总结。山区风电场水土流失具有地域不完整性及扰动多样性的特点,道路施工区、风电机组建设区是水土流失的重点区域;水土流失呈现时空分布不均性特点,水土流失时段主要集中在施工期,且流失剧烈阶段主要发生在每年的降雨集中期;降雨是影响风电场水土流失的关键因子,滑坡稳定性系数在降水期间急剧下降,降水入渗作用促进了边坡变形破坏向不利的一面发展,容易引起水土流失及边坡不稳;降雨侵蚀力指标与降雨量及雨强有关,按照获取气象资料的不同,目前主要采用月降雨量及日降雨量来分别估算降雨侵蚀力;在进行山区风电场水土流失强度预测时,将整个预测区域划分为4~6个单元,确定各预测单元工程扰动前、施工期、扰动后的土壤侵蚀模数,采用类比法结合数学模型法预测造成的水土流失量。     

汝阳县粘土砖瓦窑厂全部关闭

从8月2日到8月8日,在豫西山区汝阳县,打响了一场关闭粘土砖瓦窑厂的攻坚战.短短一周时间,该县将县域内的所有粘土砖瓦窑厂全部关闭到位.     

Moving beyond Component Research in Mountain Regions： Operationalizing Systems Integration .at Farm and Landscape Scales

Introduction Agricultural research continues to face criticism for its shortcomings in reversing current trends toward increased poverty and natural resource degradation. While some of these criticisms would be better attributed to broader structural constraints, shortcomings of the conventional agricultural research paradigm are nevertheless apparent. Researchers continue to frame research objectives, questions and methods with limited consultation of farmers and limited consideration of othe…