离子色谱—双电导法同时测定水样中多种阴离子的研究

本文在Dionex2020i离子色谱仪上,选用0.61×10~(-3)mol/L NaHCO_3-1.61×10~(-3)mol/LNa_2CO_3水溶液作淋洗液,在HPIC-AS4A阴离子分离柱上分离痕量F~-、NO_2~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-);选用2.0×10~(-3)mol/L TBAOH-6％CH_3CN水溶液作淋洗液,在MPIC-NS1分离柱上分离痕量F~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-,然后用串联双电导检测器的不同输出范围分别同时定量测定。本法特别适用于相邻两种离子浓度相差较大,前面高含量的离子对后面痕量离子测定有干扰的样品。用本文拟定的HPIC方法测定除铬后的地下水样中多种阴离子的结果与文献值吻合。     

乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川表层雪的化学特征——以低分子有机酸和无机阴离子为例

雪冰化学的研究是全球环境变化研究中一个重要的组成部分,因为雪的低温环境有助于使保存在其中的各种信息不被破坏,所以雪是记录大气信息的良好载体.天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川地处欧亚大陆腹地,四周被戈壁沙漠所包围,植被覆盖面积极小,纬向西风环流携带而来的大西洋水汽为它提供了主要的水汽来源,降水事件以降雪为主.     

Identification of Fucans from Four Species of Sea Cucumber by High Temperature ~1H NMR

Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from three different geographical zones, Pearsonothuria graeffei（Pg） from Indo-Pacific, Holothuria vagabunda（Hv） from Norwegian Coast, Stichopus tremulu（St） from Western Indian Ocean, and Isostichopus badionotu（Ib） from Western Atlantic. The polysaccharide extract was separated and purified with a cellulose DEAE anion-exchange column to obtain corresponding sea cucumber fucans（SC-Fucs）. The chemical property of these SC-Fucs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sulfate content, was determined. Their structure was compared simply with fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and identified with high temperature 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analyzer（NMR） and room temperature 13 C NMR. The results indicated that Fuc-Pg obtained from the torrid zone mainly contained 2,4-O-disulfated and non-sulfated fucose residue, whereas Fuc-Ib from the temperate zone contained non-, 2-O- and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residue; Fuc-St from the frigid zone and Fuc-Hv from the torrid zone contained mainly non-sulfated fucose residue. The proton of SC-Fucs was better resolved via high temperature 1H NMR than via room temperature 1H NMR. The fingerprint of sea cucumber in different sea regions was established based on the index of anomer hydrogen signal in SC-Fucs. Further work will help to understand whether there exists a close relationship between the geographical area of sea cucumber and the sulfation pattern of SC-Fucs.     

铁基阴离子黏土改性材料在地热水处理中的应用

地热水常富集多种有害组分,以热泉形式非集中排泄时将威胁周边居民饮用水安全.本文制备了5种铁基阴离子黏土（Fe-LDH）改性材料,用于云南典型地热区热泉的处理中.结果显示Fe-LDH对砷的去除最佳,氟、钨次之,对锑、硼的去除受共存离子影响较大;而改性材料可有效缩小不同有害组分间的竞争吸附差距,表现为乳酸根插层的Fe-LDH能显著提高离子交换能力,对氟、硼的去除提升较大,而分层的Fe-LDH因暴露更多活性位点、增加层间接触面积,对与铁络合为主的砷、钨去除和离子交换为主的氟、硼去除均有明显提升;最后静态吸附表现最佳的吸附剂——L-天冬酰胺分层的Fe-LDH,作为小型水处理装置填充材料能动态、有效地去除热泉中多种有害组分.为地热水污染修复提供了切实可行的方法 .     

两类矿物前体对As(Ⅲ)阴离子吸附机制的实验研究

通过两类矿物前体对A s(Ⅲ)阴离子的吸附反应的实验研究发现:这两类矿物前体在吸附反应过程中pH值均发生了明显变化,它们对A s(Ⅲ)的吸附均属于化学吸附。M g-A l-LDO从环境中获取阴离子以恢复重建LDH的结晶结构,并释放OH-使溶液pH升高;F e(OH)3凝胶改变了A s(Ⅲ)的络合配位数,同时产生H+离子,使溶液pH降低;M g-F e-LDO兼有二者的特点。在室温条件下,M g-A l-LDO和M g-F e-LDO对A s(Ⅲ)的吸附容量分别为83.2×1-0 3和87.45×1-0 3,而F e(OH)3凝胶为204.9×1-0 3。矿物前体对溶液中阴离子污染物的吸附能力大大高于对应的矿物,主要原因是它们的吸附机理不同,前者为化学吸附,而后者以物理吸附为主。     

离子色谱法测定夏县温泉水中阴离子含量

利用离子色谱法对水中常见的7种阴离子进行定性和定量的分析,在既定的条件下,分别建立校正曲线法(外标法)及单点校正法模板,并对温泉水样校正分析。结果显示,外标法测得离子数据较为平稳,相对偏差均小于5%,适用于观测温泉水中其含量的变化。     

离子色谱法检测土壤样品水溶态中的七种阴离子

采用离子色谱法测定土壤样品水溶态中的F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、SO4^2-、Br^-、NO3^-、PO4^3-。通过优化提取条件,得出最优条件下7种阴离子的加标回收率为94.4%～102.5%,精密度为3.1%～4.6%。对实际样品进行测试,结果表明,该方法适用于土壤样品水溶态中7种阴离子的定性、定量分析。     

Lethal toxicity of industrial detergent on bottom dwelling sentinels

We used fresh and brackish water shrimp （Desmoscaris trispinosa and Palaemonetes africanus）, in sediment bioassays to assess the toxicity of an industrial detergent containing high levels of anionic surfactant （linear alkylbenzene sulphonate （LAS））. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD）, # 218 direct sediment toxicity assessment was employed. The organisms were exposed to different concentrations （31.25, 62.5, 125,250 and 500 mg/kg） of the chemical （Neatex） in replicate treatments. Percentage mortality was measured as the ecological endpoint. Mean mortality and estimated lethal concentration LCso values varied with species type, concentration and exposure duration. The statistical variation in the observed mean mortality of the test organisms in the chemical and the control treatment shows that mortality may be induced by the effect of the chemicals. The lethal concentration （LCso） was significantly different at levels ofp 〈 0.05 for the fresh and brackish water experiments. Consequently, assessment of water and sediment quality as a result of chemical pollutants was necessary for protecting some of the more sensitive benthic invertebrates representing the major proportion of the diet of many species in the Niger Delta ecological zone.     

DT—1016型阴离子交换树脂分离富集金铂钯

研究了DT－1016型阴离子交换树脂对超痕量Au,Pt,Pd的吸附性能及条件。在0.025mol/L HCl介质中，流出速度为0.5-1.0mL/min时，Au,Pt和Pd的富集效果最佳，吸附率分别为99.72％，99.06％和97.95％，共存离子无显著性影响。用等离子体质谱测定标准物质中Au，Pt和Pd，其结果与标准值基本相符。检出限Au为0.27μg/L，Pt为0.40μg/L，Pd为0.19μg／L。对GBW 07294铂族元素国家标准物质进行精密度试验，RSD（n=8）Au为19．2％，Pt为28.1％，Pd为15.6％。