要命的慢沉

地球是一个看似怪异的生命,她的每一个组成部分都是有机的。她给生活在自己身上的生命提供了水。当这个星球上的生命过度繁殖或者过度发展,地表水不够了,用地下水补给。于是,地下水被毫无顾忌地抽了上来。然而,人们慢慢发现,自己生活的大地在不断下降。     

Application of multi-agent models to urban expansion in medium and small cities: A case study in Fuyang City, Zhejiang Province, China

In this study, three-phase satellite images were used to define rules for the allocation of time and space in construction land resources based on a complex adaptive system and game theory. The decision behavior and rules of government agent, enterprise agent and resident agent in construction land growth were explored. A distinctive and dynamic simulation model of construction land growth was built, which integrated multi-agent, GIS technology and RS data and described the interaction among influencing agents, Taking Fuyang City in the Changjiang River Delta as an example, an assessment process for the remote sensing data in construction land and scenario planning was constructed. Repast and ArcGIS were used as simulation platforms. A simulation of the spatial pattern in land-use planning and the setting of scenario planning were conducted by using the incomplete active game, which was based on different natural, social and economic levels. Through this model, a simulation of urban planning space and decision-making for Fuyang City was created. Relevant non-structured problems arising from urban planning management could be identified, and the process and logic of urban planning spatial decision-making could thus be improved. Cell-by-cell comparison showed that the simulation accuracy was over 72%. This model has great potential for use by government and town planners in decision support and technique support in the policy-making process.     

长江三角洲地区生态经济系统协调度及其预警(英文)

On the basis of Landsat TM data of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) Economic Zone in 1991, 2001 and 2008, this article, taking 90 counties in this region as study units, built spatial data transformation models, ecosystem service value (ESV) and coordination degree of eco-economic system (CDES) models. With the aid of ArcGIS9.3, mass grid and vector data has been processed for spatial analyses. ESV and CDES indexes have demonstrated the relationship between economic development and eco-environment system and its evolu-tion characteristics in the researched areas. Furthermore, the indexes have also been used for functional zoning and pattern recognition. Some results can be shown as follows. Firstly, since 1991, land use in the YRD has greatly changed: urban land area has increased primar-ily from original paddy land, dry land, grassland, garden plot and other land. Secondly, the ESV model has proved the deterioration trend of the YRD ecological system from 1991 to 2001 and slower degradation trend during 2001-2008. Also, it is illustrated that land-use conversion from water area and paddy field to urban area and dry land could cause great damage to ecosystem stabilization. Thirdly, GDP in the central and southern parts of the YRD is higher than that in the northern part since 1991. GDP growth rate in the central part is higher than that in the northern part during 1991-2001. This growth rate in the central part is also higher than that in the southern and northern parts of the YRD from 2001 to 2008. Fourthly, the YRD could be categorized into 12 types of subregions in terms of CDES index. According to its spatial characteristic of CDES index value in the study area, eco-economic conflict area with low CDES value which is located in the central part is surrounded by eco-coordinated areas with high CDES values. This illustrates a core-periphery spatial structure exists in the YRD. During 1991-2001, the CDES value implied the convergent de-terioration trend of eco-economic system in the study area; while it gradually stepped into coexistence of divergent deterioration and coordination during 2001-2008. Finally, this paper analyzed five subregions in the YRD, including initially degrading zone, initially coordinative zone, continuously degrading zone, coordination-declined zone and coordination-promoted zone, based on eco-economic coordination and evolution patterns. And these subregions can be recognized and categorized by spatial transformation model.     

快速城市化地区交通主干道对景观格局变化的影响

交通主干道建设对两侧景观格局变化有着深远的影响,探索其影响机制对道路生态环境评价和区域可持续发展规划具有重要指导意义。本文以京沪高速公路(简称G2)为例,利用TM遥感影像,提取出1995、2000、2005和2010年长江三角洲地区土地利用/覆被图。同时,用缓冲区分析和景观生态学方法,分别计算不同时段和地域段G2缓冲带景观数量结构特征指数和景观格局指数变化率;并结合相关分析和非线性回归方法研究指数变化率与缓冲带距离的关系,据此判断G2对沿线景观格局变化的影响程度和范围。研究结果表明：(1)G2沿线地区景观格局变化程度与缓冲带距离呈现显著的负相关性,G2对景观格局变化的影响呈现明显的“轴带”规律;(2)G2对沿线景观格局变化的影响范围比自然生态脆弱区的道路建设更广,2000-2005年为6 km,2005-2010年扩大到9 km;(3)从整体来看,2005-2010年间的景观数量结构特征指数相关系数明显高于2000-2005年间,而景观格局指数相关系数则相反,“轴带”影响存在时间差异性;(4)从不同区域段来看,苏北和苏南段景观动态度相关系数均高于上海段,在城市化水平较低的地域段,“轴带”影响更加显著;(5)通过对比道路沿线地区不同时段、不同地域段的相关景观特征指数变化率,并结合缓冲带分析和数量统计方法,较好地评估了交通主干道对沿线景观格局变化的影响程度和范围。     

总站承担的三个国家大地调项目设计通过评审

长江三角洲地区是我国综合实力最强的区域,随着长江三角洲地区经济社会的快速发展,其所面临的资源环境压力也愈加突出。日前由浙江省地质环境监测总站承担的2009年度国家大地调项目杭嘉湖地区地面沉降监测与风险管理、浙江地区地下水污染调查评价、浙江沿海地区环境地质综合调查评价等三个项目,通过了由中国地质调查局组织的年度项目设计评审,其中一份被评为优秀级,二份为良好级。评审认为设计符合任务书及相关规范要求,技术路线与工作方法可行,工作部署恰当,预计通过项目的调查与研究,     

长江三角洲地区人口分布演化与偏移增长

随着经济社会的快速发展,长江三角洲地区各城市之间人口分布发生了明显的变化,人口的流动和迁移正在成为长江三角洲16个城市间人口发展最为集中的矛盾点。采用密度分析、不均衡指数法、重心分析以及偏移-分享分析(shift-share analysis)等方法,分析改革开放以来长江三角洲地区人口分布演化的特征和规律,发现这一时期该区域人口分布演化呈现明显的阶段性,人口分布重心总体南移,向省市首府集中的趋势明显,人口偏移增长在不同区域层面具有明显的差异,这种人口分布演化的趋势主要受经济社会发展的驱动,同时也受到区域人口政策的影响。     

海门建成长三角最大地面沉降监测点

日前，长江三角洲地区最大地面沉降监测点在江苏海门建成投入使用，开始对长三角地区的地面沉降情况进行24h自动监测。     

长江三角洲地区城镇化效率测度及空间关联格局分析

以长江三角洲地区为例,构建城镇化效率的指标体系,运用DEA模型测度1990~2011年研究区城镇化效率;基于ESDA空间分析平台,运用全局、局部自相关测度模型对长江三角洲地区城镇化效率空间关联格局特征进行了分析。结果表明:1从城镇化效率测度来看,自20世纪90年代起长江三角洲地区城镇化综合效率整体上偏低,呈上升趋势,技术效率上总体较高呈略升趋势,而规模效率总体偏高呈减弱态势;2从全局空间关联来看,长江三角洲地区城镇化效率呈现出正的空间相关性特征,存在着效率空间集聚现象,即城镇化效率高(低)的地区空间相互邻接;3从局部空间关联来看,效率L-L关联区及H-H关联区所占比重较大,并呈现出不断上升的趋势;同时L-L关联区主要集中在台州、舟山等地,空间分布格局保持稳定;而H-H关联区主要分布在苏锡沪,并呈现出向绍、杭地区演化态势。     

长江三角洲地区城市化与房地产业协调发展研究

长江三角洲地区城市群是中国城市化发展水平较高的区域。从反映城市化不同侧面的内涵出发,建立反映城市化水平的指标体系。采用主成分分析对长江三角洲地区城市化与房地产业发展水平进行了综合测度,建立两者的主成分回归模型,验证了两者之间存在较强的相关性和发展过程的协调性。在此基础上利用协调度模型,量化城市化与房地产业发展的协调关系。