国务院关于编制全国主体功能区规划的意见

国发[2007]21号各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:为落实《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》确定的编制全国主体功能区规划,明确主体功能区的范围、功能定位、发展方向和区域政策的任务,按     

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and Sr-Nd isotope study of the Guposhan granite complex, Guangxi, China

Zircon U-Pb dating by the LA-ICP-MS method was applied to determining the ages of different units of the Guposhan granite complex, among which the East Guposhan unit is 160.8±1.6 Ma, the West Guposhan unit is 165.0±1.9 Ma, and the Lisong unit is 163.0±1.3 Ma in age. Much similarity in ages of the three units has thus proved that the whole Guposhan granite complex was formed in the same period of time. They were the products of large-scale granitic magmatism through crust-remelting in the first stage of the Middle Yanshanian in South China. However, the three units have differences both in petrology and in geochemistry. Besides the differences in major, trace and rare-earth elements, they are distinct in their Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions. The East Guposhan unit and Lisong unit and its enclaves have a similar (87Sr/86Sr)i value of 0.7064 with an average of εNd(t)=-3.03, indicating that more mantle material was evolved in the magma derivation; whereas the West Guposhan unit has a higher (87Sr/86Sr)i value of 0.7173 but a lower εNd(t) value of -5.00, and is characterized by strong negative Eu anomalies and higher Rb/Sr ratios, suggesting that its source materials were composed of relatively old crust components and new mantle-derived components. In addition, an inherited zircon grain in the East Guposhan unit (GP-1) yielded a 206Pb/238U age of 806.4 Ma, which is similar to the ages of the Jiulin cordierite granite in northern Jiangxi and of the Yinqiao migmatic granite in Guangxi in the HZH granite zone. All this may provide new evidence for Late Proterozoic magmatism in the HZH granite zone.     

全面落实“十一五”规划 努力建设和谐向上的核地质队伍

党的十六届五中全会《关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》中指出：建设社会主义和谐社会，要以扩大就业、完善社会保障体系、理顺分配关系、发展社会事业为着力点．妥善处理不同利益群体关系，认真解决人民群众最关心,、最直接、最现实的利益问题。在贯彻落实中央的《决议》中，局党组提出了要建设和谐向上的核地质队伍。     

榍石：U－Pb定年及变质P－T－t轨迹的建立

榍石在各类岩石中普遍存在，其稳定性受全岩成分、氧逸度和水活度以及温度和压力等因素影响。它在岩浆岩中主要存在于高Ca/Al比值的岩石中，在变质岩中常见于绿片岩相、蓝片岩相和角闪岩相岩石，在钙质变质岩中其稳定范围可达榴辉岩相或高压麻粒岩相。一般榍石结构中U含量较高，且具有高达高角闪岩相上限的U Pb同位素体系封闭温度，是理想的U-Pb定年矿物。由于榍石的组成元素均为岩石中的主要元素，很容易与其它矿物、熔体及流体发生反应，所以榍石的U-Pb年龄记录的更可能是结晶年龄，而不是简单的扩散重置年龄；也因为它容易反应，变质榍石复杂的U Pb体系可能记录了岩石的整个变质历史信息。通过与榍石平衡共生的矿物组合或利用榍石Zr温压计可确定岩石的P T条件，结合相关的榍石年龄信息即可建立变质过程的P T t轨迹。利用SHRIMP、LA MC ICP MS以及LA ICP MS方法可对不均一榍石颗粒内部进行原位微区分析得到有意义的U Pb年龄；利用榍石中Zr含量对温度，尤其是对压力比较敏感，可建立榍石Zr含量温压计。     

浅议小型水电站轴流水轮机技术改造

山前水电站ZD661转轮系1964年水轮机型谱中的转轮,相当于国外20世纪30-40年代的技术水平,水轮机效率明显偏低、转轮汽蚀严重,机组亟待更新改造.经分析预测,山前水电站转轮更换后,每年可增加发电量7%.河北省1982年以前投产发电的装机容量500kW以上的ZD560、ZD661机组就达24台套,总装机容量9381kW,其中单机容量500kW以上的机组有10台套,因此,机组技术改造的潜力较大.     

平流层准两年变化对南海夏季风影响机制的探讨

利用美国大气研究中心(the National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR)的中层大气模式模拟了平流层准两年振荡(Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, QBO)过程对对流层顶和对流层上层的影响, 并结合NCEP(the National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)月平均的风场资料和实际的探空观测资料, 分析了平流层QBO对南海夏季风的影响作用. 结果表明: 平流层QBO会引起平流层的异常经向环流并向下传播, 在QBO位相的中后期和位相转换期影响到对流层顶和对流层上层, 使热带和低纬度的对流层上层形成异常的经向气压梯度, 最终在夏季的对流层热带地区激发出不同类型的异常环流—西风位相时, 激发出与南海夏季风环流相反的异常环流, 在南海地区有显著的异常下沉运动, 对南海夏季风有削弱作用; 东风位相时, 激发出反Hadley环流型的异常环流, 在南海地区有明显的异常上升气流, 对南海夏季风有加强的效果. 虽然QBO对南海夏季风经向环流有影响, 但它并不是决定南海夏季风准两年变化的唯一因子.     

大别造山带北部铁佛寺早古生代同碰撞型花岗岩: 地球化学和年代学证据

出露于大别山西北部信阳市附近的铁佛寺岩体侵入元古代秦岭群, 通过锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法测得该岩体年龄为(436±11) Ma. 铁佛寺钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩暗色矿物含量极少, 可见白云母, SiOM₂含量较高且变化范围很窄, K₂O/Na₂O比值很高, 属高钾钙碱性系列, ACNK＞1.1, 为强过铝质, FeO, Fe₂O₃及MgO含量很低. 岩石总体上相对富集大离子亲石元素, 亏损高场强元素. 岩石稀土元素及微量元素表现出三种不同的特征, 第Ⅰ类岩石Eu为弱负异常, (La/Yb) _N比值最大, 稀土元素总量(ΣREE), Rb/Sr及Rb/Ba比值中等; 第Ⅱ类岩石Eu为中等负异常, (La/Yb) _N比值最小, SREE, Rb/Sr及Rb/Ba比值最大; 第Ⅲ类岩石Eu表现正异常, (La/Yb) _N比值中等, SREE, Rb/Sr及Rb/Ba比值最小. 全岩ε_Nd(440 Ma)集中在-8.8~-9.9之间, Nd模式年龄为2.0 Ga左右, 与秦岭群副片麻岩相似. 综合分析表明铁佛寺花岗岩为壳源S型同碰撞花岗岩, Ⅰ类花岗岩浆形成于秦岭群副片麻岩低程度部分熔融, Ⅱ类花岗岩浆是由Ⅰ类花岗岩浆发生斜长石结晶分异形成, 而III类花岗岩可能与混杂了结晶分异的斜长石堆晶有关. 铁佛寺花岗岩形成于华北板块与扬子板块陆-陆碰撞有关的构造环境.     

北阿尔金巴什考供-斯米尔布拉克花岗杂岩特征及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

北阿尔金巴什考供-斯米尔布拉克杂岩体位于巴什考供盆地北缘, 呈东西向展布, 宽约 2~6 km, 长约30 km, 出露面积约140 km². 主要由灰黑色石英闪长岩、灰白色花岗岩、粉红色花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩组成. 围岩为前寒武系片岩、变质泥岩及变质凝灰岩. 岩石地球化学特征表明, 石英闪长岩属钙碱性系列, 具有Ⅰ型花岗岩的属性; 而粉红色和灰白色花岗岩属高钾钙碱性系列, 具有S型花岗岩的属性. 锆石SHRIMP定年结果表明, 石英闪长岩的年龄为(481.6±5.6) Ma, 而灰白色花岗岩和粉红色花岗岩的年龄在误差范围内基本一致, 分别为(437.0±3.0)~(433.1±3.4) Ma 和(443±11)~(434.6±1.6) Ma. 结合区域地质特征, 认为石英闪长岩可能形成于洋壳俯冲环境, 而灰白色和粉红色花岗岩可能形成于碰撞后环境.     

青海东昆南构造带苦海辉长岩和德尔尼闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及痕量元素地球化学——对"祁-柴-昆"晚新元古代-早奥陶世多岛洋南界的制约

东昆南构造带苦海-阿尼玛卿地区出露的中-基性岩浆岩的时代存在争议.报道了苦海辉长岩和德尔尼闪长岩中岩浆锆石的SHRIMPU-Pb年龄分别为(555±9)Ma和(493±6)Ma.地球化学研究表明苦海辉长岩和德尔尼闪长岩分别具有类似于洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和岛弧玄武岩(IAB)的痕量元素特征.据此,苦海辉长岩的发育时代(555±9)Ma及具有的OIB特征与北祁连的玉石沟洋壳成因蛇绿岩相似;德尔尼闪长岩的发育时代(493±6)Ma及具有的IAB特征与柴北缘的岛弧火山岩相似.苦海-阿尼玛卿地区存在晚新元古代—早奥陶世的中-基性岩浆岩,表明这一时期"祁-柴-昆"多岛洋的南界可达到东昆南构造带.早古生代时,东昆南构造带与秦岭造山带的勉略构造带不能对比.     

INTEGRATION OF THE MODELS OF ANNAGNPS AND REMM TO ASSESS RIPARIAN BUFFER SYSTEM FOR SEDIMENT REDUCTION

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS) is used to help evaluate a watershed response to agricultural management practices to control water quality. However, AnnAGNPS version 3.5 does not contain features to estimate the effect of a riparian buffer (RB) system on water quality. The Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM) is used to simulate the impact of riparian buffer systems on water quality. However, frequently the lack of measured upland loadings that are required by REMM simulation limits the application of REMM. To address this data gap, a study was conducted to integrate AnnAGNPS with REMM for RB system simulation. AnnAGNPS was used to simulate water and sediment loadings from an upland field into a three-zone RB system at the Gibbs Farm located in the Georgia coastal plain. These AnnAGNPS outputs were used as the inputs to REMM. REMM was used to simulate water and sediment movement along the riparian buffers. The AnnAGNPS simulated amount of annual runoff at the edge of the field was close to observed amounts (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.92). It is believed that a substantial portion of sand was removed from the runoff one meter into the grass buffer where the samplers were located; therefore, sand was excluded from the AnnAGNPS simulation for comparison with observed sediment. Excluding sand, the AnnAGNPS predicted amount of annual sediment matches the observed amount fairly well (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.46). In addition, based on evaluating the percent reduction of sediment at each zonal interface, the AnnAGNPS/REMM model well simulated the function of the RB system to reduce sediment.