上海天文台大铯钟的研究与现状

本文介绍了上海天文台长铯束管束光学系统改进扫得的７条拉比台跃迁曲线和７条莱姆塞跃过曲线及连续开机四个月得到的数据．     

利用普鲁士蓝/活性炭复合材料回收提钾后的盐湖卤水中铯

以亚铁氰化钾为单源前驱体,以活性炭为载体,采用超声辅助均匀沉淀法,制备了普鲁士蓝/活性炭复合材料(PB/AC)。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、X-射线光电子能谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱技术,对PB/AC的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征。结果表明:立方体结构的PB微晶均匀地分布在活性炭表面。研究考察了PB/AC对水溶液中铯离子(Cs~+)的吸附和脱附性能。在pH=7、45℃和180 min条件下,PB/AC对Cs~+的最大吸附量为49.17 mg/g;在pH=2、45℃和240 min条件下,Cs~+的脱附率可达88.5%。     

西天山阿吾拉勒埃达克质岩石成因：Nd和Sr同位素组成的限制

西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪钠质英安岩和钠长斑岩具有与埃达克岩一致的高Sr,低Y、Yb和Eu正异常等独特岩石地球化学特征。系统的Nd和Sr同位素组成研究表明，其（^143Nd/^144Nd)i为0．512384－0．512470，εNd(t)为正值（＋1．57－＋3．26）；（^87Sr/^86Sr)i为0．0751－0．7054，与本区同时代幔源玄武岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成特征相似，但与俯冲洋壳部分熔融成因埃达克岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成有显著区别。结合这些埃达克质岩石形成二叠纪后碰撞阶段构造背景，认为本区埃达克质岩浆最有可能由新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过渡或榴辉岩相的条件下部分熔融形成，是西天山晚古生代后碰撞阶段地幔玄武岩浆底侵作用和地壳垂向增生的重要岩石标志。     

铷锶同位素的区域分布特征及地质意义

一个花岗岩带或复式岩基中各个岩体的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr和~(87)Rb/~(86)Sr的算术平均值,在等时线图中可获得一条直线。这直线可认为是一种等时线或混合线。如果为混合线,则可认为花岗岩带或复式岩基是混合成因。通常包括因围岩或其它岩浆的加入而发生的岩浆混染作用和成岩前的源岩混合作用;若为等时线,则可据直线的斜率计算出年龄,标示花岗岩的源岩Sr同位素均一化作用的最终时间或岩浆房中岩浆sr同位素均一化的最终时间。     

多尼戈尔花岗岩类Sm—Nd和Rb—Sr联合同位素体系及推论其岩石成因

采尔兰西北部多尼戈尔偏铝到过铝质花岗岩类岩基，侵位于Dalradian超群绿片岩一角闪岩相变质沉积岩中，年龄约为400Ma。本文提供了该区6个深成岩体的11个样品和唐群纽里杂岩体东北部1个花岗闪长岩样品的Sm-Nd和Rb-Sr同位素资料，主要结果是多尼戈尔岩基的Sr同位素初始比相似（0．7051－0．7068），但初始εNd值变化较大（－1．2到－8．3，纽里杂岩体的初始εNd值为－0．5）。不同的花岗岩具有不同的Nd同位素组成特征，一些岩石含有富轻稀土的古老地壳组分，而另一些岩石含有年轻地壳和（或）幔源岩浆组分。Nd和Sr同位素组成的变化可用一种混合假说解释。     

Genesis and Geological—Geochemical Characters of the ushan Gold Deposit,Shandong,China

The Rushan gold deposit, explored in recent years in the Jiaodong area, Shandong Province, is a quartz vein-type gold deposit hosted in granite. The temperature of its major mineralization episode is between 220°C and 280°C. The salinity of the ore-forming fluid is 5 % to 9% NaCl equivalent, with H₂O and CO₂ as the dominant gas constituents. The fluid is rich in Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻, but relatively impoverished in K⁺ and F⁻, characterized by either Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ (in three samples) or Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ (in six samples). Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the ore-forming fluid are highly variable with δ¹⁸ ranging between − 7.70‰ and 5. 97‰ and between − 128‰ and − 71‰. The possibility of lamprophyre serving as the source of gold can be excluded in view of its low gold content on the order of 2.5 × 10⁻⁹. Rb-Sr isochron ages of the deposit and the host Kunyushan granite are ( 104.8 ± 1.5) Ma and 134.6 Ma respectively with the respective initial Sr ratios of 0. 71307 and 0.7096. It is considered that the emplacement of the lamprophyre under a tensile environment had provided sufficient heat energy to facilitate deep circulation of meteoric water by which ore metals were extracted from the Kunyushan granite through long-term water-rock reaction. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

137Cs及210Pbex方法湖泊沉积计年研究新进展

The ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex techniques are widely employed for dating recent sediments of lakes. There is important provision to gain dating results correctly with the sampling device of no-disturbing sediments and the sample separation of high precision. The secondary peak of ¹³⁷Cs in sediment horizon of 1975 could be as an assistant dating time marker. Most part of ¹³⁷Cs in sediments is at stable position which provides reliability for ¹³⁷Cs dating time marker. The post-depositional remobilization of ²¹⁰Pb could lead to the lower rate of sediment accumulation in seasonal anoxic hypolimnia of lakes.The transformation of Pb species has provided the geochemical condition of its diffusion in the processes of early diagenesis. The diffusion mechanism of Pb-Po is controlled by cycling Fe-Mn, respectively.     

广东近岸海域表层水中^90Sr和^137Cs的分布

本文提供了1989～1991年广东近岸表层水中~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs含量的分析结果。在调查海区,~(90)Sr含量为2.31～3.75mBq/L,平均值为3.21±0.45mBq/L。~(137)Cs含量为2.10～4.49mBq/L,平均值为3.47±0.89mBq/L。~(137)Cs/~(90)Sr放射性的比值为0.63～1.69,平均值为1.11±0.35。调查结果表明,近三年来未发现广东近岸海域有明显的人工放射性污染。目前广东近岸海水中的~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs主要仍是以往核试验所产生的放射性落下灰残余。