能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定卤水中痕量溴铷砷

用模拟卤水建立了能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定卤水中溴、铷、砷痕量元素含量的方法。实验表明,方法可以直接取样测定,适用于大批量样品的测试分析。方法的精密度RSD(n=15)小于1%,加标回收率为86.8%～101.6%。卤水中溴、铷、砷的测定结果与比色法、原子吸收和原子荧光法结果相符。     

岩石铷-锶和钐-钕同位素标准物质的研制

通常样品的87Sr/86Sr和143Nd/144Nd同位素比值分析采用SRM987、JNdi-1作为标准物质,它们分别是纯的碳酸盐和氧化物,适用于监控质谱测试过程。中国现有的钐-钕地质和铷-锶年龄标准物质,分别为玄武岩和钾长石,它们与很多地质样品的基质存在差别。仅有这两种基质的标准物质不能有效地监控不同地质样品Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素分析过程,因此研制不同岩性的Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素标准物质具有重要现实意义。本文采集中国典型地区的橄榄岩、榴辉岩和花岗岩作为候选物,严格按照《一级标准物质技术规范》（JJF 1006—1994）和《标准物质定值的通用原则及统计学原理》（JJF 1343—2012）等相关标准物质国家计量技术规范和国家标准,研制了橄榄岩、榴辉岩和花岗岩铷-锶、钐-钕同位素标准物质（编号为GBW04139、GBW04140、GBW04141）,其中橄榄岩标准物质适用于高Mg、Fe,低Rb、Nd含量样品的分析,榴辉岩和花岗岩标准物质适用于含有难溶副矿物的岩石样品的分析。每个标准物质具有6个特性量值,Rb、Sr、Sm和Nd含量分布分别为0.16~64μg/g、12~560μg/g、0.1~3.2μg/g和0.3~15.3μg/g,87Sr/86Sr比值分布为0.70446~0.71309,143Nd/144Nd比值分布为0.51115~0.51267,同位素比值精度达到或优于同类标准物质。这些特性量值更接近实际样品,使用时将更加有效和方便。该系列标准物质可用于校准仪器和评价方法,并能有效监控实验室此类样品的铷-锶、钐-钕同位素分析过程。     

上海天文台大铯钟的研究与现状

本文介绍了上海天文台长铯束管束光学系统改进扫得的７条拉比台跃迁曲线和７条莱姆塞跃过曲线及连续开机四个月得到的数据．     

利用普鲁士蓝/活性炭复合材料回收提钾后的盐湖卤水中铯

以亚铁氰化钾为单源前驱体,以活性炭为载体,采用超声辅助均匀沉淀法,制备了普鲁士蓝/活性炭复合材料(PB/AC)。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、X-射线光电子能谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱技术,对PB/AC的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征。结果表明:立方体结构的PB微晶均匀地分布在活性炭表面。研究考察了PB/AC对水溶液中铯离子(Cs~+)的吸附和脱附性能。在pH=7、45℃和180 min条件下,PB/AC对Cs~+的最大吸附量为49.17 mg/g;在pH=2、45℃和240 min条件下,Cs~+的脱附率可达88.5%。     

西天山阿吾拉勒埃达克质岩石成因：Nd和Sr同位素组成的限制

西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪钠质英安岩和钠长斑岩具有与埃达克岩一致的高Sr,低Y、Yb和Eu正异常等独特岩石地球化学特征。系统的Nd和Sr同位素组成研究表明，其（^143Nd/^144Nd)i为0．512384－0．512470，εNd(t)为正值（＋1．57－＋3．26）；（^87Sr/^86Sr)i为0．0751－0．7054，与本区同时代幔源玄武岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成特征相似，但与俯冲洋壳部分熔融成因埃达克岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成有显著区别。结合这些埃达克质岩石形成二叠纪后碰撞阶段构造背景，认为本区埃达克质岩浆最有可能由新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过渡或榴辉岩相的条件下部分熔融形成，是西天山晚古生代后碰撞阶段地幔玄武岩浆底侵作用和地壳垂向增生的重要岩石标志。     

Genesis and Geological—Geochemical Characters of the ushan Gold Deposit,Shandong,China

The Rushan gold deposit, explored in recent years in the Jiaodong area, Shandong Province, is a quartz vein-type gold deposit hosted in granite. The temperature of its major mineralization episode is between 220°C and 280°C. The salinity of the ore-forming fluid is 5 % to 9% NaCl equivalent, with H₂O and CO₂ as the dominant gas constituents. The fluid is rich in Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻, but relatively impoverished in K⁺ and F⁻, characterized by either Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ (in three samples) or Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ (in six samples). Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the ore-forming fluid are highly variable with δ¹⁸ ranging between − 7.70‰ and 5. 97‰ and between − 128‰ and − 71‰. The possibility of lamprophyre serving as the source of gold can be excluded in view of its low gold content on the order of 2.5 × 10⁻⁹. Rb-Sr isochron ages of the deposit and the host Kunyushan granite are ( 104.8 ± 1.5) Ma and 134.6 Ma respectively with the respective initial Sr ratios of 0. 71307 and 0.7096. It is considered that the emplacement of the lamprophyre under a tensile environment had provided sufficient heat energy to facilitate deep circulation of meteoric water by which ore metals were extracted from the Kunyushan granite through long-term water-rock reaction. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

137Cs及210Pbex方法湖泊沉积计年研究新进展

The ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex techniques are widely employed for dating recent sediments of lakes. There is important provision to gain dating results correctly with the sampling device of no-disturbing sediments and the sample separation of high precision. The secondary peak of ¹³⁷Cs in sediment horizon of 1975 could be as an assistant dating time marker. Most part of ¹³⁷Cs in sediments is at stable position which provides reliability for ¹³⁷Cs dating time marker. The post-depositional remobilization of ²¹⁰Pb could lead to the lower rate of sediment accumulation in seasonal anoxic hypolimnia of lakes.The transformation of Pb species has provided the geochemical condition of its diffusion in the processes of early diagenesis. The diffusion mechanism of Pb-Po is controlled by cycling Fe-Mn, respectively.     

广东近岸海域表层水中^90Sr和^137Cs的分布

本文提供了1989～1991年广东近岸表层水中~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs含量的分析结果。在调查海区,~(90)Sr含量为2.31～3.75mBq/L,平均值为3.21±0.45mBq/L。~(137)Cs含量为2.10～4.49mBq/L,平均值为3.47±0.89mBq/L。~(137)Cs/~(90)Sr放射性的比值为0.63～1.69,平均值为1.11±0.35。调查结果表明,近三年来未发现广东近岸海域有明显的人工放射性污染。目前广东近岸海水中的~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs主要仍是以往核试验所产生的放射性落下灰残余。