蒙脱石层间碳化法热还原氮化合成β-sialon

蒙脱石层间碳化法热还原氮化合成β┐ｓｉａｌｏｎ李伟东黄建国许承晃（华侨大学材料物理化学研究所，福建泉州３６２０１１）关键词碳热还原法蒙脱石氮化β－ｓｉａｌｏｎ烧结的β－ｓｉａｌｏｎ材料是性能优越的结构材料，自１９７９年Ｊ．Ｇ．Ｌｅｅ首次报道用碳热还原...     

利用铝饱和指数评价中酸性岩浆岩的含矿性——以山西省210个中酸性岩体为例

利用常量元素地球化学特征参与评价岩体的含矿性具有重要意义.通过计算山西境内210个中酸性岩体的铝饱和指数,发现含矿岩体与非矿岩体的铝饱和指数存在一个明显的分界值,即铝饱和指数大于1.7的岩体基本与矿有关,小于此值的岩体绝大多数尚未发现与矿有关.铝饱和指数可能是反映岩体中矿元素活化释放程度或能力的一项重要指标,是本次探讨的重点,对评价其他区域中酸性岩的含矿性有重要参考意义.     

长江口邻近海域溶解态铝的分布及季节变化

基于2006年6、8、10月对长江口邻近海域的大面调查资料,分析了溶解态Al的分布及季节变化,讨论了水团混合、悬浮颗粒物及浮游植物水华对溶解态铝分布的影响。结果表明,3个航次溶解态铝的水平分布规律相似,都是近岸浓度最高,随着离岸距离的增加浓度降低,6、8、10月溶解态Al的平均浓度分别为(119±77)、(109±80)和(138±73)nmol/L,统计结果表明该海域的溶解态铝具有明显的季节变化。影响溶解态铝分布的主要因素有水团混合、底沉积物的再悬浮以及浮游植物的调节作用。     

大洋沉积物中^10Be和^26Al的浓度变化与定年

＾１０Ｂｅ和＾２６Ａｌ都是长寿命宇宙成因放射性核素（半衰期分别为１．５１和０．７Ｍａ）。在深海沉积物剖面上＾１０Ｂｅ浓度随深度的增加并不是成简单的指数衰减,而往往表现出较大幅度的起伏和跳跃,沉积物中＾１０Ｂｅ的初始浓度不仅仅取决于＾１０Ｂｅ的海底通量,而且还与沉积物的成分以及沉积速率密切相关,＾１０Ｂｅ在广海海水中的滞留时间可以达到５００￣３０００年,这意味着在沉积到海底之前＾１０Ｂｅ与＾９Ｂｅ可     

Smectite formation in metalliferous sediments near the East Pacific Rise at 13°N

A 43 cm long E271 sediment core collected near the East Pacific Rise(EPR) at 13°N were studied to investigate the origin of smectite for understanding better the geochemical behavior of hydrothermal material after deposition.E271 sediments are typical metalliferous sediments. After removal of organic matter, carbonate, biogenic opal,and Fe-Mn oxide by a series of chemical procedures, clay minerals(2 μm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction,chemical analysis and Si isotope analysis. Due to the influence of seafloor hydrothermal activity and close to continent, the sources of clay minerals are complex. Illite, chlorite and kaolinite are suggested to be transported from either North or Central America by rivers or winds, but smectite is authigenic. It is enriched in iron, and its contents are highest in clay minerals. Data show that smectite is most likely formed by the reaction of hydrothermal Fe-oxyhydroxide with silica and seawater in metalliferous sediments. The Si that participates in this reaction may be derived from siliceous microfossils(diatoms or radiolarians), hydrothermal fluids, or detrital mineral phases. And their δ30 Si values are higher than those of authigenic smectites, which implies that a Si isotope fractionation occurs during the formation because of the selective absorption of light Si isotopes onto Feoxyhydroxides. Sm/Fe mass ratios(a proxy for overall REE/Fe ratio) in E271 clay minerals are lower than those in metalliferous sediments, as well as distal hydrothermal plume particles and terrigenous clay minerals. This result suggests that some REE are lost during the smectite formation, perhaps because their large ionic radii of REE scavenged by Fe-oxyhydroxides preclude substitution in either tetrahedral or octahedral lattice sites of this mineral structure, which decreases the value of metalliferous sediments as a potential resource for REE.     

多链烷基铵链长和负载量对有机蒙脱石层间结构的影响:分子动力学模拟

有机蒙脱石是用表面活性剂与天然蒙脱石得到的复合产物,具有较强的表面疏水性,其对各类有机分子具有良好的相容性,在复合材料及环境保护与修复处理等方面具有广泛的应用。深入     

上软下硬地层浅埋大跨度车站拆撑安全性分析

对于复合式衬砌隧道,初支受力最危险的时期就是为保证二次衬砌的完整性而分段拆除临时支撑的阶段。依托青岛地铁某暗挖车站,采用现场实测数据分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,对比拆撑前后围岩与初支变形情况,进而对6 m范围内交替拆撑,并以6 m为工作单元间隔拆撑的拆撑方案安全性进行分析。实测数据表明,地表沉降、拱顶沉降及净空收敛在拆撑前后增长量及影响均较小,数值计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,可知初支的安全性受支撑拆除的影响较小。研究结论为实现信息化施工提供了依据,也为今后类似工程积累了相关经验。     

豫南史庄一带金伯利岩中石榴子石矿物学特征及其形成条件的约束

豫南史庄一带位于华北地台南缘,分布有金伯利岩,为了确定岩石中的石榴子石矿物种类及其与金刚石的关系,通过人工重砂鉴定,对挑选出的40件石榴子石矿物单晶进行了电子探针微区化学成分分析。结果显示,区内石榴子石矿物族化学通式A3B2 [SiO4]3中的A组阳离子主要由Mg2+、Fe2+和少量Ca2+占位,B主组阳离子主要由Al3+和少量Fe3+、Cr3+、Mn3+占位,表明区内石榴子石主要为铁铝榴石(Alm)-镁铝榴石(Pry)-钙铝榴石(Gro)系列组合。根据矿物化学特征,区内镁铝榴石为榴辉岩型(E型),具有含钛钙低铬富铁的特征,属Grutter等划分的G4-G5组(含钛、钙)镁铝-铁铝榴石,与金伯利岩、金刚石包体或者A组榴辉岩中的石榴子石特征相同。区内发现有超硅石榴子石,经计算其形成压力范围为10.2~10.9 GPa,对应深度超过250 km。