青黄(仿河湟野曲“花儿”)

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豫西南野獐—黑龙庙金矿与花岗岩的成矿关系

野獐—黑龙庙成矿带赋存于五朵山花岗岩体的中西部,位于五朵山岩体西成矿带内侧。从地质背景、矿床特征、产出类型等几方面,对野獐—黑龙庙金多金属矿与五朵山西成矿带的成矿一致性及其特殊性进行系统性对比,探讨了金矿的成因以及与加里东期五朵山花岗岩体在空间与时间上的关联性,阐述了岩体中断裂、剪切带在成矿过程中所起的传输媒介与应力场作用,认为五朵山花岗岩体仅为围岩,并非矿源提供者。     

Changes in sediment transport in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China

In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January.     

窟野河流域河岸沙丘地貌格局及变化

风水交互作用是黄土高原北部风蚀水蚀交错带特殊的侵蚀营力,并致该区土壤侵蚀强度加重。以毛乌素沙地窟野河流域作为研究区,基于影像解译及数理统计方法,研究河道与沙丘交互地貌过程。结果表明：（1）窟野河“三河夹沙”区沙地以河流为中心呈现出对称条带状格局分布,距离河流,依次呈现出流动沙丘、固定半固定沙丘、丘陵沟壑区的空间格局;（2）典型河段河道与沙丘空间格局呈现出河道穿越流动沙丘、河道两侧斑块状沙丘镶嵌分布、两河交汇处流动沙丘分布等3种格局;（3）河道弯曲系数与河道两侧沙丘活动性的变化之间呈现出一定的对应关系。     

建站:监测珠峰数据

建于2005年的中科院珠穆朗玛大气与环境综合观测研究站,是我国位于喜马拉雅山北麓珠峰地区海拔4000米以上的唯一野外科学观测研究站,为泛"第三极"地区相关科学研究和地方经济社会发展规划等提供数据支持,为青藏高原多学科科考提供了强大支撑.     

野战综合测绘保障车的供电系统

野战综合测绘保障车的供电系统是该车的重要组成部分,它为车上的高技术设备提供稳定可靠的电源保障。本文介绍了该供电系统的方案设计与实施、性能指标和系统特点。     

甘肃肃北野牛滩含钨花岗质岩岩石学,矿物学和地球化学研究

与甘肃省塔儿沟大型钨矿有关的野牛滩岩体是我国北方地区一个典型的含钨花岗质岩体。该岩体主体为花岗闪长岩,次为黑云母花岗岩,钨矿化与花岗闪长岩有着明显的时空关系。花岗闪长岩低硅富铝多碱质组分,Ｖ、Ｂａ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ和Ｓr等含量颇高,稀土元素分布型式呈右斜列形,Ｌａ／Ｙｂ值１５～２５,σＥu０．６～０．７。矿物学、岩石学 和地球化学数据说明该岩体既不同于Ｓ型也不同于Ⅰ型含钨花岗岩类,是一种少见的含钨花     

内蒙古野芨里镁铁质——超镁铁质岩体的岩石地球化学特征

野芨里岩体分布于金川铜镍(铂)硫化物矿床北偏东约100 km处,位于内蒙古境内。岩体主要由单斜辉石橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、辉长岩和闪长岩组成。岩体的稀土元素配分模式显示轻稀土元素略为富集,曲线为近于平坦型,w(La)_N/w(Yb)_N=1.866～2.713,不具备会聚型板块边缘玄武岩的特点;ε_Nd(t)＞0,为亏损地幔源区特征。Mg^#值和Ni丰度显示其为岩浆早期阶段堆晶作用的产物。与金川矿区超镁铁质岩体比较,二者均为华北大陆边缘成矿系统的组成部分,m/f值显示二者主要为铁质超基性岩,稀土元素及微量元素显示其具相似的地球化学特征,但野芨里岩体具早期堆晶就地熔离的特征,而金川岩体具有深部熔离-多期贯入的特征;野芨里岩体中Ni相对亏损。这些特征表明野芨里岩体具成矿的可能性。     

西藏日土地区弗野岩体的成因——锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素约束

班公湖—怒江成矿带西段日土—多龙地区为一条燕山期岩浆弧,已相续发现多处大、中型矿产,具有良好的成矿地质条件。弗野岩体位于该岩浆弧西侧,岩性以闪长岩和闪长玢岩为主,蚀变较强;微量元素原始地幔标准化后亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti,富集 Th、U和Pb;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后表现出整体向右缓倾,显示负Eu异常;D1046和D1049两件样品的锆石Lu-Hf同位素结果显示,εHf(t)主要集中在-5.2～-12.2区间,TDM1模式年龄介于0.98~1.28Ga之间;锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为119.06±0.48Ma和120.03±0.68Ma,均形成于早白垩世中期。结合岩石地球化学特征判断其属于I型花岗岩类,源区物质来源于幔源物质和下地壳物质。根据该岩浆弧带的岩体特征判断,班公湖—怒江特提斯洋至少在中侏罗世已经开始了向北的俯冲作用,且在早白垩世这种向北的俯冲作用仍在持续。     

青海东昆仑卡尔却卡地区野拉塞铜矿床成因类型及成矿机制

青海野拉塞铜矿位于东昆仑造山带西段,是近年来祁曼塔格地区新发现的热液铜矿床,规模已达中型。矿床的容矿围岩主要是印支早期中酸性侵入岩,其次是志留纪滩间山群大理岩和基性火山岩。矿化主要受NWW向断裂构造控制,主要蚀变为硅化、绢云母化和钾长石化。根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,成矿过程划分为主要的Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ个阶段。研究表明,野拉塞铜矿床石英中发育气液两相(W型)、含子矿物三相(S型)和富CO2三相(C型)3种类型包裹体。流体盐度为3.42%~65.48%NaC leqv,集中在40.00%~55.00%NaC leqv和4.00%~10.00%NaC leqv两个区间;流体盐度、密度在直方图上主要表现为双峰特征。流体密度为0.43~1.25g.cm-3,集中在1.07~1.14g.cm-3和0.55~0.85g.cm-3两个区间。成矿温度为187~579℃,成矿Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ阶段成矿温度分别为332~579℃、294~345℃和187~212℃。成矿Ⅰ阶段C型与S型包裹体共存,表明该阶段发生过沸腾或不混溶。可能的流体演化机制是,岩浆结晶的最后阶段从岩浆中直接出溶的极高温、中高盐度(约为15%~25%NaCleqv)的原始成矿流体(岩浆流体),通过不混溶作用形成高温高盐度S型、高温低盐度C型和高温低盐度W型流体,该过程导致成矿物质的第1次沉淀富集。成矿Ⅱ阶段流体的混合作用则是铜沉淀的主要原因。通过等容线图解法估算成矿压力为47.4~93.1MPa,成矿深度为1.8~3.5km。与成矿关系密切的酸性侵入岩类为高钾、铝过饱和的钙碱性系列岩石。岩石的稀土总量TREE为133.9×10-6~240.6×10-6,介于上、下地壳平均值之间,岩石轻稀土分馏明显,重稀土分馏不明显,δEu为负异常。岩石具明显的K、Rb、Th等正异常,亏损重稀土,显示Nb、Ta负异常,尤其亏损P、Ti,与碰撞带岩浆岩地球化学特征类似。在Rb-Y+Nb和Nb-Y构造环境判别图解上,样品均落在同碰撞花岗岩区,成矿作用发生在早印支后期陆内强烈的造山时期。矿床成因类型为受线性断裂构造控制的似斑岩型矿床。