海洋沉积物中41种元素的中子活化分析方法

本文研究了海洋沉积物样品的中子活化分析方法,提出了同时测定41种元素的可能性及使用性,对所得结果均用多种国际参考物质(NBS SRM1632a,1633a,1571和USGS BCRI等)作了准确度检验,几乎所有分析值与文献值都是吻合的,表明该方法准确度很好。同时对方法的精密度也进行了检验,除计数统计外的统计误差总和均在3—5%之间,三次测定结果重复性均好。利用此方法包括中子活化结合同轴Ge(Li)和平面高纯锗γ谱仪,测定了中国近海及邻近海区沉积物的41种元素,为研究多元素的地球化学提供了资料。     

九龙江口红树林对汞的循环和净化作用

红树林是存在于海陆交汇处的生态系统,其间大量的凋落物中有一部分仍留在群落内,再加上上游有机物的输入,使得红树林沼泽形成高腐殖质的还原环境,沉积物中的总汞含量和有机质含量呈正相关[1],而大量的硫化氢又易与汞形成难于溶解的硫化汞,因而红树林区有可能是潜在的重金属富集区[2].本文对我国几个红树林区的汞本底值进行调查,研究汞在九龙江口秋茄群落的分布、迁移积累的途经,以及红树林对河口区汞循环的影响,并探讨红树林对汞污染净化作用的途经.     

渤海湾砷的研究

渤海湾是个半封闭型的海湾。它三面环陆，东临渤海，周围入湾的河流有滦河、蓟运河、永定新河、海河、独流碱河和黄河等。     

Effects of tributyltin at environmental levels on monooxygenase system of digestive gland in hard clam Meretrix meretrix

The effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase （EROD）, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities of digestive gland in Meretrix meretrix exposed to tributyltin （TBT） at environmental levels （0.1,1.0,10.0 ng/dm as stannum concentration）,in experimental condition, were evaluated. The EROD, NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 8 and 20 d, the NADPH cytochrorne c reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm TBT for 8 d and to 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm for 20 d, as compared with the matched control, while NADH cytochrorne b5 reductases and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities were induced after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 2 d. The EROD activity in the 10 ng/dm^3 group,and the NADH cytochrome b5 reductases activities in 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm groups, were significantly induced when transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 d. The three enzymic activities in the clams exposed to TBT were recovered to the level corresponding to that of the control group after transfer to clean recovery tanks for 20 d. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in Meretrix meretrix seems to be more sensitive to exposure of TBT than that of the EROD and NADH cytochrome b5 reductases. The results suggest that induction and inhibition by TBT to the monooxygenase system enzymic activity in Meretrix meretrix would simultaneously exist. The enzymic activities were inhibited by exposure for a long time. The results suggest that inhibition of the monooxygenase system should be an indication of the exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT for a long time.     

罗非鱼、南美白对虾对重金属富集的研究

对广东省养殖的罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus及南美白对虾Litopeneaus vannamei体内Pb、Cd、Hg、As 4种重金属富集及分布状况进行研究。比较了不同规格罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内重金属差异。分析重金属在罗非鱼及南美白对虾不同部位的分布状况。结果表明,罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内Pb、Cd、Hg、As均有不同程度的检出,但含量均低于国家限定标准(NY5125-2002);其中Pb的含量最高,罗非鱼和南美白对虾体内Pb含量最高值分别为限量的39.32%和42.18%;重金属含量因其规格大小及部位而异,趋势为大规格样品重金属含量相对较高,重金属含量在罗非鱼及南美白对虾体内的增长情况与其体重具有正相关性;罗非鱼内脏重金属含量明显高于肌肉组织,虾头为虾重金属富集的主要部位。     

厦门西海域表层沉的重金属的分布特征及来源探讨

１９９４年１０月调查研究了厦门西海域表层沉积物样品中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ在不同粒度颗粒中不同结合态的含量。结果表明，该海域圾层沉积物中Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ在弱结合态中有一较稳定的分配比；Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ的平均浓度分别为３０．２，７７．２，１４４．２，０．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ；概据底质评价标准，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ严重超标。     

翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)根际与非根际沉积物常见重金属总量及化学形态变化

原子吸收光谱法和等离子光谱法分别研究了潮滩盐沼植物翅碱蓬(Suaedaheterop-tera)根际与非根际(根上部和根下部)沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的总量和化学形态。结果表明,从总量来看,不同潮滩沉积物中4种重金属次序均为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd,但同一元素随潮滩位置变化明显,尤以中潮滩差异最显著,重金属总量明显大于其他两个潮滩(低潮滩和高潮滩),特别是根际沉积物中的重金属总量远高于非根际沉积物总量,其比值分别为Cu3·4—4·2倍,Zn2·2—2·7倍,Pb3·2—3·3倍。同一潮滩均表现为根际沉积物>根上部>根下部。Cd含量相对较低,其变化不明显。从化学形态看,沉积物重金属表现为环境直接影响态(交换态和有机结合态)、环境间接影响态(碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化物态)和稳定态(残渣态)。与非根际沉积物相比,根际沉积物中重金属的化学形态发生了显著的变化,Cu和Pb以稳定态为主,其次为环境间接影响态,环境直接影响态最低;Zn与上述2种金属不同,以环境直接影响态含量最高(可交换态是有机结合态的7倍),其次分别为环境间接影响态(主要是碳酸盐结合态)和稳定态。实验结果表明,由于特异根圈效应,一方面该植物使可迁移形态的Cu和Pb在根际逐步得到矿化,使其生物可利用性降低;另一方面使Zn的生物可利用性提高,促进了植物对Zn的吸收利用。