小秦岭地区金钼多金属矿成矿特征与找矿预测

小秦岭地区是中国重要的金钼矿产基地。以构造-岩浆-成矿系统为指导,综合研究认为区内金钼多金属矿床可分为印支期—燕山期与重熔型花岗岩浆侵入活动有关的金(钼)矿床成矿系列和与深源浅成型花岗岩、碱性岩有关的钼(金钨)矿床成矿系列。金(钼)矿床类型主要包括石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型、糜棱岩型、爆破角砾岩型和复合型等,以前两者为主;钼(金钨)矿床类型主要包括斑岩型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、斑岩-爆破角砾岩型、石英-碳酸岩脉型和构造蚀变岩型等,也以前两者为主。该区三叠世以来共发生过3次岩浆侵入活动,每次都伴有不同程度的钼金矿化作用,并分别对应于不同的钼金矿化高峰期。钼的成矿作用分为印支期(210~220 Ma)和燕山期早白垩世早期(140~145Ma)、早白垩世中晚期(110~138Ma);金的成矿作用分为印支期(约220Ma)和燕山期早白垩世中晚期(约130Ma);钼、金成矿在印支期和燕山期早白垩世中晚期叠合,而在燕山期早白垩世早期分离。整体上,区内岩体与断裂构造控矿特征明显,燕山期金钼成矿作用强烈发育。该区娃娃沟—峪耳沟、峪耳沟—曹家沟、太子坪—葫芦沟—荒地沟与文公岭北坡等地区为金钼多金属矿的有利找矿靶区,并应特别重视中酸性小岩体的含矿性评价。     

白银厂酸性火山岩地球化学特征及成因分析

甘肃白银厂矿田是我国著名的火山成因块状硫化物矿床产地,赋矿岩石主要为酸性火山岩(石英角斑岩和石英角斑凝灰岩)。文章通过对白银厂矿区酸性火山岩的岩相学和岩石地球化学特征研究,结果表明:1)岩石发生了低绿片岩相的变质作用,镜下可见明显的绢云母化、绿泥石化等蚀变作用,造成了岩石K、Ca、Na、Rb等活泼元素的迁移;2)岩石具有高硅、低钛、弱铝、贫镁,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,以及明显的Sr、P、Ti、Eu的负异常和Th、U、Pb正异常特征,表明本区酸性火山岩可能为下地壳基性岩重熔的产物,源区存在斜长石、磷灰石以及钛铁矿等矿物的残留,并且岩浆在演化过程中经历过围岩的混染与弱的分离结晶作用;3)结合北祁连的区域构造演化、岩浆活动以及本区火山岩的年代学资料,认为该酸性火山岩可能处于由岛弧向弧后盆地过渡的环境中。     

The acid neutralizing capacity （ANC） of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems

Acidification is considered the most important one of the primary chemical stress factors that impact on freshwater ecosystems. In unpolluted freshwater systems, the primary controls on the degree of acidification are factors such as the geological substrate of the catchment area, the presence of organic acids secreted by vegetation in the river system, and equilibrium exchange of carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. Anthropogenic factors that can impact on the degree of acidification of freshwater systems include agricultural, mining and industrial activities, either through direct runoff into river systems or through deposition of atmospheric pollutants from these sources. The capacity factors alkalinity and acidity, which represent the acid- and base-neutralizing capacity （ANC and BCN） of an aqueous system, have been used as more reliable measures of the acidic character of freshwater systems than pH. Unlike pH, ANC and BNC are not affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure. Therefore, ANC has been employed as a predictor of biological status in critical load assessments. Freshwater systems with ANC＇s eq/L isμeq/L are considered sensitive to acidification, ANC=0 μbelow 150 commonly used as the predictor for fish species such as trout in lakes, and an eq/L as more realistic for streams. Acid-neutralizing capacity μANC value of 40 （ANC） can be determined by titration with a strong acid to a preselected equivalence point. Alternatively, it can be calculated as the difference between base cations （[BC]） and strong acid anions （[SAA]）： ANC=[BC]- [SAA]=[Ca^2＋]＋[Mg^2＋]＋[Na^＋]＋[K^＋]-[SO4^2-]-[NO3^-]-[Cl^-] To date, there has been no attempt to establish the ANC of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems or variability therein, despite the fact that long-term water quality monitoring data exist for all the parameters needed to calculate it according to the above equations. As a result, the relationship between the acid neutralizing capacity of freshwater ecosystems in South Africa and biodiversity factors, such as fish status, is unknown. Results of the first comprehensive （country-wide scale） evaluation of the acid neutralizing capacity of river systems in South Africa will be presented. Long-term monitoring data obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry （DWAF） from most of South Africa＇s river systems were used to establish geographic and temporal variabilities in ANC. The results show that the Berg and Breede River systems are most susceptible to acidification, and that geological substrate appears to explain most of the geographic variabilities observed.     

贵州中东部剩余重力异常与区域矿产分布关系

重点研究1:20万剩余重力异常,结合航磁、物性、地质等资料,初步圈定区内隐伏、半隐伏岩浆岩体,对研究与重力异常、岩体分布关系密切的矿产的时间、空间分布及其成因,有一定参考价值和指示意义。     

山东省侵入岩岩石单位及其代号的厘定

根据《1：25万区域地质调查技术要求（暂行）和我省正在进行的1：25万区调修测取得的阶段性成果，对山东省侵入岩岩石单位及其代号进行了厘定：不同类型的花岗岩类均作为正式填图单位按“年代＋岩性和典型产地方法”确定填图单位代号，而独立侵入体、脉岩和包体，以及基性一超基性岩则作为非正式填图单位按“年代＋岩性方法”确定填图单位代号。     

安徽铜陵矿集区石英闪长岩—花岗闪长岩成因的Sr-Nd-Hf-O同位素制约

安徽铜陵矿集区是我国长江中下游构造—岩浆—成矿带中一个重要的铜金多金属成矿区,区内广泛发育晚中生代以石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为主的中酸性闪长质侵入岩体,且其与成矿关系密切。关于铜陵矿集区侵入岩的成因,前人已有大量研究成果发表,但仍存有一定争议。本文在广泛收集前人研究资料和成果的基础上,选择区内铜官山石英闪长岩体和新屋里、胡村花岗闪长岩体开展全岩Sr-Nd同位素和锆石原位Hf-O同位素分析,以进一步探讨其成因机制。研究表明,石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩的结构构造和矿物组成特征相似,全岩主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素组成特征也基本一致,均属高钾钙碱性岩石系列,并具有埃达克质岩石特征。石英闪长岩I_Sr值为0.707 2～0.709 0,ε_Nd（t）值为-13.0～-8.3,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-23.5～-8.7,δ¹⁸O值为6.5‰～7.4‰;花岗闪长岩ISr值0.707 7～0.709 8,ε_Nd（t）值为-13.6～-8.5,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-19.0～-7.4,δ¹⁸O值为6.7‰～8.1‰。石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩Sr-Nd同位素组成特征和锆石Hf-O同位素组成特征亦基本一致,指示它们具有相同的成岩物质来源。结合区域地质背景和构造演化,本文认为,铜陵矿集区石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为富集岩石圈地幔岩浆与壳源埃达克质岩浆混合并上升侵位所形成,富集岩石圈地幔岩浆并非起源于古太平洋俯冲洋壳或俯冲洋壳析出流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔,而是新元古代华夏洋俯冲析出流体交代扬子板块岩石圈地幔所形成,壳源埃达克质岩浆为新元古代华夏板块与扬子板块碰撞之后形成的新生地壳熔融而成。铜陵矿集区晚中生代大规模岩浆作用的诱因是大陆板内构造背景下富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融岩浆上涌加热以及受古太平洋板块挤压和地壳加厚再转向拉张应力下的减压熔融。     

德兴铜矿床（山）地质环境模型再建

文章建立了德兴铜矿床（山）包括影响环境因素在内的，开采前、开采过程及矿山部分功能区关闭之后的环境特征四方面的地质环境模型。     

西藏羌北布若错晚白垩世中酸性侵入岩特征及地质意义

羌北布若错中酸性侵入体,以浅成—超浅成相的花岗斑岩、流纹质碎斑熔岩为主,另有少量花岗闪长斑岩、英安质碎斑熔岩。用K_2O—SiO_2亚碱性岩分类图解、球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分型式、C/MA和A/FM摩尔比值图解等分析方法,该岩体岩石显示出富含K、Rb、Th及REE,具中等—强的Eu亏损及强过铝质的特点,反映了岩浆源主要来自于上地壳的部分熔融,具有S型花岗岩的特征。在碎斑熔岩中获得全岩K—Ar法同位素年龄为94.8Ma,反映该岩体侵入时代为晚白垩世。     

过量酸性铬蓝K隐色光度法测定铜的研究

在pH 4.0的微酸性介质中,酸性铬蓝K同Cu~(2+)形成稳定的红色络合物,用H_2O_2为隐色剂可以隐去过量显色剂的颜色,消除高色度背景的影响。络合物的最大吸收波长为540nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.6×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Cu量在0～1.4μg/ml范围服从比尔定律。方法已应用于测定矿样中的Cu。